Article Category:
Research Article

Pneumococcal Carriage in the Sahel Region of Burkina Faso before a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Campaign

Robert Lamoussa Zoma Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;

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Lana Childs Infectious Disease Programs, CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Issa Ouedraogo Direction de la prévention par la vaccination, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;

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Guetwendé Sawadogo Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;

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T. Félix Tarbangdo Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;

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Aristide Zoma Unité de Bactériologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;

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Soufiane Sanou Unité de Bactériologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;

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Brice Bicaba Institut National de Santé Publique, Centre des Opérations de Réponse aux Urgences Sanitaires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;

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Simon Sanou Institut National de Santé Publique, Centre des Opérations de Réponse aux Urgences Sanitaires, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;

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Fahmina Akhter Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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Mahamoudou Ouattara Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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Jennifer R. Verani Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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Lesley McGee Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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Miwako Kobayashi Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

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H. Flavien Aké Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.24-0746
Volume/Issue:
Ahead of Print
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Burkina Faso introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2013 and achieved >90% three-dose coverage. Recently, the Sahel Region has experienced a security crisis, resulting in decreasing PCV13 coverage. We examined pneumococcal carriage before a mass PCV13 campaign in the Sahel Region in 2022. In January and February 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional, age-stratified pneumococcal carriage study among healthy individuals in Dori, the capital of the Sahel Region. We collected nasopharyngeal (all participants) and oropharyngeal swabs (participants 5 years old and older). Pneumococci isolated by culture were serotyped by polymerase chain reaction and/or Quellung. We evaluated overall and vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage prevalence by age group. Among 1,079 participants, overall pneumococcal carriage prevalence was 57.2%; carriage was highest in children 1 year old (71.8%) and 1–11 months old (69.7%) and lowest in participants 15 years old or older (30.0%). Vaccine serotype carriage prevalence was 12.8%, ranging from 5.6% in participants 15 years old or older to 17.8% in children 5–14 years old. PCV13 vaccination history was unknown for 59.6% of age-eligible children. Among children with card-confirmed or verbally reported PCV13 history, most (99.0%) had no history of PCV13 receipt. Eight years after PCV13 introduction and in a conflict-affected area with declining PCV13 coverage, more than 1 in 10 children and 1 in 20 participants 15 years old or older are colonized with a vaccine serotype. These results will be used to evaluate the mass PCV13 campaign impact and help inform policy surrounding pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use during humanitarian crises.

Author Notes

Financial support: This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant no. INV-029264).

Disclosures: The Burkina Faso Ethics Committee for Health Research approved the study protocol (#2021-10-230). This activity was reviewed by the CDC, deemed not research, and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the CDC and the CDC Foundation.

Current contact information: Robert Lamoussa Zoma, Guetwendé Sawadogo, T. Félix Tarbangdo, and H. Flavien Aké, Davycas International, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, E-mails: zolabrob@gmail.com, guetasawadogo@gmail.com, tarbarfelix@yahoo.fr, and flavien.ake@davycas.com. Lana Childs, Infectious Disease Programs, CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: yqj9@cdc.gov. Issa Ouedraogo, Direction de la prévention par la vaccination, Ministère de la Santé et de l’Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, E-mail: issayann09@yahoo.fr. Aristide Zoma and Soufiane Sanou, Unité de Bactériologie, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, E-mails: zomaristide@yahoo.fr and domalick2000@yahoo.fr. Brice Bicaba and Simon Sanou, Centre des Opérations de Réponse aux Urgences Sanitaires, Institut National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, E-mails: bicababrico78@gmail.com and simonsanou@yahoo.fr. Fahmina Akhter, Mahamoudou Ouattara, Jennifer R. Verani, Lesley McGee, and Miwako Kobayashi, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: qwh4@cdc.gov, xbi0@cdc.gov. qzr7@cdc.gov, afi4@cdc.gov, and ydk3@cdc.gov.

Address correspondence to Lana Childs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, MS H24-6, Atlanta, GA 30329. E-mail: yqj9@cdc.gov
Copyright:
© The author(s) 2025
Received:
06 Nov 2024
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Accepted:
15 Jan 2025
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Published Online:
22 Apr 2025
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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