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Entomological Profiles of Households in Plasmodium falciparum Case Foci and Comparison Areas in Grand’Anse, Haiti
Vena Joseph
vena.joseph@umontreal.ca
Vena Joseph
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada;
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Alice Sutcliffe
Alice Sutcliffe
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Laura Leite
Laura Leite
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Cyrille Czeher
Cyrille Czeher
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France;
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Thomas Druetz
Thomas Druetz
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada;
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Eric Rogier
Eric Rogier
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Thomas P. Eisele
Thomas P. Eisele
Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana;
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Jean Frantz Lemoine
Jean Frantz Lemoine
Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
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Michelle Chang
Michelle Chang
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Daniel Impoinvil
Daniel Impoinvil
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
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Ruth A. Ashton
Ruth A. Ashton
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada;
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Hispaniola, which is shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, remains the last island in the Caribbean that is still endemic for malaria, with Haiti bearing the highest caseload. Few studies have examined the ecology of malaria vectors in Haiti. Five species of Anopheles have been described on the island, but the exophilic Anopheles albimanus (An. albimanus) is considered the primary vector of malaria in Haiti. Households recruited for a case–control study profiling risk factors for symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) infections were approached to participate in an entomological study. The goal was to determine the bionomics of anopheline mosquitoes around the 32 participating households across varying malaria transmission settings. We assessed the characteristics of the Anopheles population using ultraviolet-light traps and larval surveys. Anopheles albimanus was the most abundant mosquito species identified in the Grand’Anse. Its abundance was higher in outdoor traps than in indoor traps and in areas with relatively high positivity based on rapid diagnostic test results. A greater proportion of blood-fed mosquitoes were found in higher transmission areas. Anopheles albimanus samples were found to be infected with both P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites. As Haiti aims for the elimination of malaria, disrupting localized residual malaria transmission will increasingly rely on focal vector control strategies.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by grant no.
Disclosures: The findings and conclusions presented in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Department of Health and Human Services, or the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The use of trade names is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the organizations mentioned above. This study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of Tulane University and was cleared by the National Bioethics Committee (Comité National de Bioéthique) of Haiti.
Current contact information: Vena Joseph and Thomas Druetz, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada, E-mails: vena.joseph@umontreal.ca and thomas.druetz@umontreal.ca. Alice Sutcliffe, Laura Leite, Michelle Chang, and Daniel Impoinvil, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: gok0@cdc.gov, xhn4@cdc.gov, aup6@cdc.gov, and xda6@cdc.gov. Cyrille Czeher, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France, E-mail: cyril_czeher@yahoo.fr. Eric Rogier, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, E-mail: ewrogier@hotmail.com. Thomas P. Eisele and Ruth A. Ashton, Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, E-mails: teisele@tulane.edu and rashton@tulane.edu. Jean Frantz Lemoine, Program National de Contrôle de la Malaria, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, E-mail: tileum@hotmail.com.
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