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Typbar-TCV®, a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), was prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017. We evaluated its effectiveness in a mass vaccination program targeting children 9 months to 14 years in Navi Mumbai, India, from September 2018 to July 2020. We compared laboratory-confirmed typhoid cases from six clinical sites with age-matched community controls. Of 38 cases, three (8.6%) received TCV through the campaign, compared with 53 (37%) of 140 controls. The adjusted odds ratio of typhoid fever among vaccinated children was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.05–0.55), equivalent to a vaccine effectiveness of 83.7% (95% CI: 45.0–95.3). Vaccine effectiveness of Typbar-TCV in this large public sector vaccine introduction was similar to prior randomized controlled trials, providing reassurance to policymakers that TCV effectiveness is robust in a large-scale implementation.
Financial support: This work was supported by
Disclosure: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position, policies, or views of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the World Health Organization.
Current contact information: Kashmira Date, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, and Johnson & Johnson Global Public Health, New Brunswick, NJ, E-mail: kashmira.date@gmail.com. Christopher LeBoa, National Public Health Surveillance Project, Country Office for India, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India, and Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, E-mail: cleboa@berkeley.edu. Seth A. Hoffman, Jason R. Andrews, Stephen P. Luby, Lily Horng and Kirsten Fagerli, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, E-mails: sethhoffman@stanford.edu. jandr@stanford.edu, sluby@stanford.edu, lily.horng@gmail.com, and kirsten.fagerli@mcri.edu.au. Pradeep Haldar, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India, E-mail: pradeephaldar@yahoo.co.in. Pauline Harvey, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: pdh7@cdc.gov. Qian An, Chenhua Zhang, Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: fei8@cdc.gov and noi7@cdc.gov. Vijay Yewale and Dhanya Dharmapalan, Dr. Yewale Multispecialty Hospital for Children, Navi Mumbai, India, E-mails: vnyewale@gmail.com and drdhanyaroshan@gmail.com. Savita Daruwalla and Rajesh Rai, Department of Pediatrics, NMMC General Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India, E-mails: childoc62@gmail.com and drrajeshrai@yahoo.com. Jeetendra Gavhane, Department of Pediatrics, MGM New Bombay Hospital, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India, E-mail: drjeetendra@gmail.com. Shrikrishna Joshi, Dr. Joshi’s Central Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Navi Mumbai, India, E-mail: skajoshi@yahoo.co.in. Varsha Rathod, Rajmata Jijau Hospital, Airoli (NMMC), Navi Mumbai, India, E-mail: vrmsrjhairoli@gmail.com. Keertana Shetty, Department of Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India, E-mail: keertana.shetty@gmail.com. Divyalatha S. Warrier, Department of Pediatrics, Mathadi Trust Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India, E-mail: divyawarrier60@gmail.com. Shalini Yadav, Department of Microbiology, MGM New Bombay Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India, E-mail: doc_shalini@rediffmail.com. Niniya Jayaprasad, India Hypertension Control Initiative, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India, E-mail: niniya.jayaprasad@yahoo.com. Priyanka Borhade, Rahul Shimpi, Arun Katkar, Abhishek Kunwar, Pankaj Bhatnagar, National Public Health Surveillance Project, Country Office for India, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India, E-mails: dm.tcvwho@gmail.com, shimpir@who.int, katkara@who.int, abhishekk@who.int, and bhatnagarp@who.int. Debjit Chakraborty, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, Kolkata, India, E-mail: drdebjitepi@gmail.com. Sunil Bahl, South-East Asia Regional Office, World Health Organization, New Delhi, India, E-mail: bahls@who.int. Shanta Dutta, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, Kolkata, India, E-mail: drshantadutta@gmail.com.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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