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Acute Myocarditis in the Setting of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Saloni Talreja
Saloni Talreja
Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Pyrus Bhellum
Pyrus Bhellum
Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Durga Shankar Meena
dsmims14@gmail.com
Durga Shankar Meena
Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Navneet Kaur
Navneet Kaur
Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Naveen Chhaba
Naveen Chhaba
Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Satyendra Khichar
Satyendra Khichar
Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria is typically considered a benign form of malaria, with fewer life-threatening complications compared with Plasmodium falciparum. However, emerging evidence suggests that P. vivax can also lead to severe manifestations, including cardiac involvement. Myocarditis, although rare, is one such complication that can result in significant morbidity. This case report presents an 18-year-old man from Western India, with no previous comorbidities, who developed myocarditis secondary to P. vivax malaria. The patient initially presented with fever, chills, and headache, followed by the onset of hypotension, lactic acidosis, and cardiac complications, including a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and elevated cardiac biomarkers. Despite requiring vasopressor support and oxygen therapy, the patient made a full recovery after receiving appropriate antimalarial treatment. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of rare but serious complications, such as myocarditis, in patients diagnosed with P. vivax malaria.
Author Notes
Disclosures: Written informed consent for the publication of this case report was obtained from the patients.
Authors’ contributions: S. Talreja: writing—original draft; P. Bhellum: writing—review and editing, visualization; D. S. Meena: writing—review and editing, visualization; N. Kaur: writing—review and editing; N. Chaba: writing—review and editing, supervision; S. Khichar: writing—review and editing, writing—original draft, supervision.
Current contact information: Saloni Talreja, Pyrus Bhellum, Durga Shankar Meena, Navneet Kaur, Naveen Chhaba, and Satyendra Khichar, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India, E-mails: salonitalreja26@gmail.com, dr.pyrusbhellum@gmail.com, dsmims14@gmail.com, navneetkaur1308@yahoo.com, drnavinchhaba964@gmail.com, and satyen04wid.u@gmail.com.
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