Emergence of Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Cosmopolitan Genotype in Costa Rica

Vanessa Villalobos-Alfaro Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Hospital México, San José, Costa Rica;

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María José Uribe-Calvo Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Hospital México, San José, Costa Rica;

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Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar Virology Section, Research Centre for Tropical Diseases and Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

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Tatiana Murillo Virology Section, Research Centre for Tropical Diseases and Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica

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Dengue virus produces dengue fever, which can cause severe manifestations. Virus serotype and genotype may impact the epidemiology and severity of the disease. At the Hospital México (Costa Rica), dengue diagnosis and serotyping are performed with molecular tests, but selected samples are sequenced using Illumina technology. In May 2024, we analyzed two dengue-positive samples through genomic sequencing and detected dengue serotype 2, Cosmopolitan genotype. Phylogenetic comparisons revealed that the Costa Rican genomes are closely related to those from Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. Molecular dating estimated that the sequences from Costa Rica diverged in January 2024, suggesting that this genotype may already have been circulating in the country. The emergence of this genotype could impact the severity and epidemiology of dengue in Costa Rica. Therefore, genomic and epidemiological surveillance of dengue cases locally is important to better understand the public health impact of this new genotype in the country.

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Author Notes

Financial support: This work was funded by the Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital México from the Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (authorization for publication of manuscript CENDEISSS-AB-0440-2024) and the Social Extension Vicerrectory of the University of Costa Rica (Grant no. ED-3257).

Current contact information: Vanessa Villalobos-Alfaro and María José Uribe-Calvo, Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, Hospital México, San José, Costa Rica, E-mails: vanevialf@gmail.com and majouribec13@hotmail.com. Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar and Tatiana Murillo, Research Centre for Tropical Diseases, Virology Section, Research Centre for Tropical Diseases and Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, E-mails: eugenia.corrales@ucr.ac.cr and tatiana.murillocorrales@ucr.ac.cr.

Address correspondence to Tatiana Murillo, Facultad de Microbiología, Sede Rodrigo Facio, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica. E-mail: tatiana.murillocorrales@ucr.ac.cr
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