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Burden of Malaria in Adults in Sahelian Niger: A Retrospective Study (2019–2021)
Elhadji Yacoudima Y. M. Aminou
Elhadji Yacoudima Y. M. Aminou
Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger;
Direction des Services de Santé et de l’Action Sociale de la Garde Nationale du Niger, Niamey, Niger;
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Direction des Services de Santé et de l’Action Sociale de la Garde Nationale du Niger, Niamey, Niger;
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Médard Djedanem
Médard Djedanem
Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger;
EPICENTRE, Niamey, Niger;
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EPICENTRE, Niamey, Niger;
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Lazoumar Ramatoulaye
Lazoumar Ramatoulaye
Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger;
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Wazodan Al Moustapha
Wazodan Al Moustapha
Direction des Services de Santé et de l’Action Sociale de la Garde Nationale du Niger, Niamey, Niger;
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Idriss Hamidou Leyo
Idriss Hamidou Leyo
Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger;
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Jean Testa
Jean Testa
Université Nazi Boni, Boni, Burkina Faso;
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Ronan Jambou
rjambou@pasteur.fr
Ronan Jambou
Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger;
Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur France, Paris, France
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Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur France, Paris, France
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In the Sahel, malaria transmission is highly dependent on rainfall, and control efforts are conducted during the rainy season. However, because of climate changes, the objectives of this study were to better define the period of transmission in the different ecoclimatic regions and the burden of the disease in young adults, which is poorly investigated. The data from districts in the different ecological zones of Niger were compared. During this study, 26% of all consultations were malaria related, of which 59% were malaria confirmed. This represented 12,000 to 19,000 cases and 12.9 to 25.6 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. An increase of incidence was seen over the study period but a decline in case fatality rate was also observed. Depending on region, children under 14 years of age (half of the population) accounted for 43–80% of cases, which in contrast, underlines a significant malaria burden in young adults, especially in arid regions where transmission is lower. The majority of cases occurred from August to October but appeared later in arid zones. The number of cases positively correlated with the cumulative rainfall over the previous five weeks. However, 17–26% of cases were identified during the dry season. This study highlights a high transmission rate that extends throughout the dry season, with ∼50% of cases registered representing patients >14 years of age, and 25% of cases >25 years. Young adults should thus be considered an at-risk group and should be included in strategies for control.
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Author Notes
Disclosure: This study was approved by the national ethics comittee of Niger. All the data were obtained retrospectively and anonymized at the heath care structure before transfer to the Centre de Recherche Médicales et Sanitaires.
Authors’ contributions: E. Y. Y. M. Aminou is the main investigator of the study, and obtained the data, prepared the data base and analyzed it, and wrote the preliminary draft of the paper; M. Djedanem obtained and analyzed the data, and prepared the data base; L. Ramatoulaye and I. Hamidou Leyo contributed to the analysis of the data base; W. Al Moustapha provided national data and contributed to the manuscript; J. Testa contributed to the supervision of the study and to the final version of the manuscript; R. Jambou coordinated the study, defined the protocol, analyzed the database, and wrote the final version of the manuscript; and all authors read and approved this manuscript.
Current contact information: Elhadji Yacoudima Y. M. Aminou, Médard Djedanem, Lazoumar Ramatoulaye, and Ronan Jambou, Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (CERMES), Niamey, Niger, E-mails: aminou.yacoudima@gmail.com, medard.djedanem@epicentre.msf.org, lramatoulaye@yahoo.fr, and rjambou@pasteur.fr. Wazodan Al Moustapha, Direction des Services de Santé et de l’Action Sociale de la Garde Nationale du Niger, Niamey, Niger, E-mail: wazodan.moustapha@gmail.com. Idriss Hamidou Leyo, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey, Niger, E-mail: ihamidouleyo@outlook.com. Jean Testa, Université Nazi Boni, Boni, Burkina Faso, E-mail:jeantesta1@gmail.com.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
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| Full Text Views | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| PDF Downloads | 12 | 12 | 12 |