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Association Between the Level of Vitamin D and COVID-19 Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi
Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi
School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran;
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Javad Charostad
Javad Charostad
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran;
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Nasir Arefinia
Nasir Arefinia
Bio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran;
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Mohsen Nakhaie
Mohsen Nakhaie
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;
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Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;
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Aryan Zandi
Aryan Zandi
School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California;
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Seyed Danial Alizadeh
Seyed Danial Alizadeh
Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;
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Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran;
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Faranak Salajegheh
Faranak Salajegheh
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a notable impact on worldwide health across diverse age groups. Although children and adolescents were initially considered less vulnerable, they have also shown susceptibility to the virus, emphasizing the importance of understanding associated risk factors. Epidemiological data reveal an increasing number of COVID-19 cases in this age group. The aim is to conduct a systematic assessment of the association between the level of vitamin D and COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across various databases up to October 7, 2023. Studies assessing laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum, and clinical outcomes were encompassed. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Thirteen studies, conducted across six countries and involving 1,071 pediatric patients, were included. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among children and adolescents with COVID-19. Some studies suggested that vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 infection and was linked to disease progression. Furthermore, deficiency in vitamin D demonstrated an association with increased levels of inflammatory markers, reduced lymphocyte counts, and heightened clinical symptoms, including fever and cough. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be a crucial strategy for reducing COVID-19 severity and associated complications in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, there is a requirement for additional high-quality research to establish specific guidelines regarding vitamin D supplementation in this population amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Author Notes
Current contact information: Zohreh-al-Sadat Ghoreshi and Nasir Arefinia, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran, E-mails: zs.ghoreshi@gmail.com and n.arefinia@gmail.com. Javad Charostad, Shahid Sedoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, E-mail: j.4ostad@gmail.com. Mohsen Nakhaie, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, Seyed Danial Alizadeh, Seyedeh Mahdieh Khoshnazar, and Faranak Salajegheh, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, E-mails: mohsennakhaee1367@gmail.com, mohammadrezaei75@yahoo.com, seyeddanial.alizadeh@yahoo.com, m.khoshnazar@kmu.ac.ir, and salajeghehk@gmail.com. Aryan Zandi, University of California Irvine School of Biological Sciences, Irvine, CA, E-mail: azandi1@uci.edu.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 472 | 472 | 334 |
| Full Text Views | 6 | 6 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 8 | 8 | 5 |