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Performance of ParaHIT® HRP2-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test and Proportions of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2/3 Gene Deletions in Togo
Diwaba Carmel Teou
dicarmelteou@gmail.com
Diwaba Carmel Teou
Faculté des Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo;
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Ameyo Monique Dorkenoo
Ameyo Monique Dorkenoo
Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo;
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Essoham Ataba
Essoham Ataba
Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel Aux Soins, Lomé, Togo;
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Kossi Yakpa
Kossi Yakpa
Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel Aux Soins, Lomé, Togo;
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Efoe Sossou
Efoe Sossou
Service des Laboratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Tokoin Hopital, Lomé, Togo;
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Laurence Ma
Laurence Ma
Biomics Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France;
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Emmanuelle Caspar
Emmanuelle Caspar
UR 3073, Pathogens Host Arthropods Vectors Interactions Unit, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;
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Manani Hemou
Manani Hemou
Département de Pédiatrie, Campus Hospitalier Universitaire de Lomé, Lomé, Togo;
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Agueregna Abdou-Kerim
Agueregna Abdou-Kerim
Institut National d’Hygiène, Ministère de la Santé de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel Aux Soins, Lomé, Togo;
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Didier Menard
dmenard@unistra.fr
Didier Menard
UR 3073, Pathogens Host Arthropods Vectors Interactions Unit, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;
Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;
Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France;
Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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In areas where malaria is endemic and microscopes are unavailable, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are essential tools for early diagnosis and prompt and effective treatment. However, HRP2-based RDTs are threatened by the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites that do not carry the pfhrp2 or pfhrp3 gene, leading to false-negative results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the ParaHIT RDT together with the proportion of pfhrp2/3 gene–deleted P. falciparum parasites in Togo. The performance of RDTs compared with microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was determined using capillary blood collected by finger prick during a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2021 to January 2022 in children aged 6–59 months at two sentinel sites. Blood spots were collected for molecular analysis. Amplicons from the target regions (exon 2 of hrp2 and hrp3 genes) were generated by multiplex nested PCR and sequenced using Illumina’s MiSeq protocol. A total of 278 samples were analyzed for ParaHIT RDT evaluation. The sensitivity and specificity of the RDT test compared with microscopy were 96.4% and 85.7%, respectively, which increased to 97.9% and 90.7%, respectively, when compared with PCR. Of the microscopically and PCR-positive P. falciparum samples, 138 were sequenced to detect pfhrp2/3 deletions. None of the parasites had a single pfhrp2 deletion or a single pfhrp3 deletion. The ParaHIT RDT demonstrated an acceptable level of performance in this evaluation, confirming the use of HRP2-based RDTs for the detection of P. falciparum infection in areas where microscopy is not available in Togo.
Author Notes
Disclosures: The study protocol was approved by the Bioethics Committee for Health Research (CBRS) of Togo (N°021/2021/CBRS of May 27, 2021) before its implementation. In addition, signed informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of the children. Any patient testing positive by at least one of the methods was referred to the site clinicians for free treatment with an antimalarial drug available through the National Malaria Control Program.
Authors’ contributions: D. C. Teou, A. M. Dorkenoo, E. Ataba, and K. Yakpa conceived of and designed the study. D. Menard, L. Ma, and E. Caspar managed the molecular aspects of the study. A. M. Dorkenoo led the training and oversaw its implementation in Togo. A. M. Dorkenoo, E. Ataba, K. Yakpa, E. Sossou, M. Hemou, and A. Abdou-Kerim supervised the data collection. D. C. Teou, A. M. Dorkenoo, E. Ataba, and D. Menard drafted the analysis plan; provided data analysis and interpretation; and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read, revised, and approved the final manuscript.
Current contact information: Diwaba Carmel Teou, Faculté Des Sciences, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo, E-mail: dicarmelteou@gmail.com. Ameyo Monique Dorkenoo, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo, E-mail: monicadork@yahoo.fr. Essoham Ataba and Kossi Yakpa, Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel Aux Soins, Lomé, Togo, E-mails: fidelcab10@gmail.com and yakpakossi@yahoo.fr. Efoe Sossou, Service des Laboratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio, Tokoin Hopital, Lomé, Togo, E-mail: sossoustephane@yahoo.fr. Laurence Ma, Biomics Platform, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, E-mail: laurence.ma@pasteur.fr. Emmanuelle Caspar, UR 3073, Pathogens Host Arthropods Vectors Interactions Unit, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, E-mail: emmanuellecaspar@unistra.fr. Manani Hemou, Département de Pédiatrie, Campus Hospitalier Universitaire de Lomé, Lomé, Togo, E-mail: mhemou@yahoo.fr. Agueregna Abdou-Kerim, Institut National d’Hygiène, Ministère de la Santé de l’Hygiène Publique et de l’Accès Universel Aux Soins, Quartier Administratif, Lomé, Togo, E-mail: aagueregnasabitiou@yahoo.fr. Didier Menard, UR 3073, Pathogens Host Arthropods Vectors Interactions Unit, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, and Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France, E-mails: dmenard@unistra.fr or dmenard@pasteur.fr.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 262 | 262 | 262 |
| Full Text Views | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| PDF Downloads | 19 | 19 | 19 |