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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1.
Weil A, 1886. Über eine Eigenthümliche mit Milztumor, Icterus und Nephritis Einhergehende Acute Infectionskrankheit. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/b2811906x/b2811906x_djvu.txt. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
2.
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Perolat P, 1999. Leptospira and Leptospirosis, 2nd edition. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci.
-
3.
Conover MR, Vail RM, 2015. Leptospirosis. In: Human Diseases from Wildlife. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 175–189.
-
4.
Hem S et al. 2016. Estimating the burden of leptospirosis among febrile subjects aged below 20 years in Kampong Cham communities, Cambodia, 2007–2009. PLoS One 11: e0151555.
-
5.
Seguin MPEM, 1889. Considérations Générales sur les Épidémies D’ictère Catarrhal, à Propos d’une Série de Cas Observés Dans les Troupes Casernées à Lorient en 1889. Thèze, Rochefort-sur-Mer. Available at: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5684130c. Accessed July 3, 2018.
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6.
Fritsch-Lang E, 1861. Épidémie d’Ictère Compliqué de Purpura Observée à Civita-Vecchia en Janvier 1859. Thèse, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg.
-
7.
Ogilvie G, 1901. Jaundice in typhoid fever. BMJ 1: 75–78.
-
8.
Hadler SC, Webster HM, Erben JJ, Swanson JE, Maynard JE, 1980. Hepatitis a in day-care centers. N Engl J Med 302: 1222–1227.
-
9.
Jacobsen KH, Koopman JS, 2004. Declining hepatitis A seroprevalence: a global review and analysis. Epidemiol Infect 132: 1005–1022.
-
10.
Geltner D, Naot Y, Zimhoni O, Gorbach S, Bar-Khayim Y, 1992. Acute oliguric renal failure complicating type A nonfulminant viral hepatitis. A case presentation and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol 14: 160–162.
-
11.
Marr JS, Cathey JT, 2010. New hypothesis for cause of epidemic among native Americans, New England, 1616–1619. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 281–286.
-
12.
Dawson B, Hume WE, Bedson SP, 1917. Infective jaundice. BMJ 2: 345–354.
-
13.
Ozanam JAF, 1835. Histoire Médicale Générale et Particulière Des Maladies Épidémiques, Contagieuses et Épizotiques Qui Ont Régné en Europe Depuis les Temps les plus Reculés, et Notamment Depuis Le XIVe Siècle Jusqu’à Nos Jours. T1/Par J.-A.-F. Ozanam,…; 1835. Available at: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k441472f. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
14.
Pringle J, Rush B, 1812. Chapter III–A general account of the diseases of the British troops, during the campaign in Germany in the year 1743; and the ensuing winter in Flanders. In: Observations on the Diseases of the Army. Philadelphia, PA: Anthony Finley; Fry and Kammerer, printers. Available at: http://archive.org/details/2567047R.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed July 4, 2018.
-
15.
Longuet R, 1886. L’origine tellurique de l’ictère catarrhal. Union Médicale J Intérêts Sci Prat Moraux Prof Corps Méd 1886 42: 433–438.
-
16.
Marvaud A, 1894. Chapitre XIV—Les ictères. In: Les Maladies du Soldat : Étude Etiologique, Epidémiologique, Clinique et Prophylactique. Paris, France: Félix Alcan, 886. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/b21927170#page/n7/mode/2up. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
17.
Laveran A, 1875. Traité des Maladies et Épidémies des Armées. Paris, France: Masson. Available at: http://archive.org/details/b21356117. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
18.
Worms D, 1865. Relation de la maladie qui a régné pendant le mois de Mai 1865 sur les troupes casernées à Saint-Cloud (2). Gaz Hebd Médecine Chir 2: 533–535.
-
19.
Worms D, 1865. Relation sur la maladie ictérique, qui a régné pendant le mois de mai 1865 sur les troupes casernées à Saint-Cloud (1). Gaz Hebd Médecine Chir 2: 524.
-
20.
Osborne M, 1992. French military epidemiology and the limits of the laboratory: The case of Louis-Félix-Achille Kelsch. Cunningham A, Williams P, eds. The Laboratory Revolution in Medicine. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 189–208. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/12586319/_French_military_epidemiology_and_the_limits_of_the_laboratory_The_case_of_Louis-F%C3%A9lix-Achille_Kelsch_. Accessed July 4, 2018.
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21.
Kelsch A, 1894. De l’ictère essentiel. In: Traité des Maladies Épidémiques : Étiologie et Pathogénie des Maladies Infectieuses. Paris, France: Octave Doin, 178–198. Available at: https://archive.org/details/b21985091_0001. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
22.
Deschamps E, 1886. De la nature de l’ictère catarrhal, par M. Kelsch. Union Médicale J Intérêts Sci Prat Moraux Prof Corps Méd 1886: 453.
-
23.
Mathieu A, 1886. Typhus hépatique bénin, rechute, guérison. Rev Médecine 6: 633–639.
-
24.
Landouzy L, 1883. Typhus hépatique. Gaz Hôp Civ Mil 1883: 913–914.
-
25.
Inada R, Ido Y, Hoki R, Kaneko R, Ito H, 1916. The etiology, mode of infection, and specific therapy of Weil’s disease (spirochaetosis icterohaemorrhagica). J Exp Med 23: 377–402.
-
26.
Wolbach SB, Binger CAL, 1914. Notes on a filterable spirochete from fresh water. Spirocheta biflexa (new species). J Med Res 30: 23–26.1.
-
27.
Stimson AM, 1907. Note on an organism found in yellow-fever tissue. Public Health Rep 1896-1970 22: 541–541.
-
28.
Ido Y, Hoki R, Ito H, Wani H, 1917. The rat as a carrier of spirochæta icterohæmorrhagiæ, the causative agent of Weil’s disease (spirochætosis icterohæmorrhagica). J Exp Med 26: 341–353.
-
29.
Ido Y, Hoki R, Ito H, Wani H, 1916. The prophylaxis of Weil’s disease (spirochætosis icterohæmorrhagica). J Exp Med 24: 471–483.
-
30.
Noguchi H, 1918. The survival of leptospira (spirochaeta) icterohaemorrhagiae in nature; observations concerning microchemical reactions and intermediary hosts. J Exp Med 27: 609–625.
-
31.
Felzemburgh RDM et al. 2014. Prospective study of leptospirosis transmission in an urban slum community: role of poor environment in repeated exposures to the Leptospira agent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2927.
-
32.
Thibeaux R, Girault D, Bierque E, Soupé-Gilbert M-E, Rettinger A, Douyère A, Meyer M, Iraola G, Picardeau M, Goarant C, 2018. Biodiversity of environmental leptospira: improving identification and revisiting the diagnosis. Front Microbiol 9: 816.
-
33.
Thibeaux R, Iraola G, Ferrés I, Bierque E, Girault D, Soupé-Gilbert ME, Picardeau M, Goarant C, 2018. Deciphering the unexplored Leptospira diversity from soils uncovers genomic evolution to virulence. Microbial Genomics 4: 000144.
-
34.
Hill AB, 1965. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58: 295–300.
-
35.
Mikulski M et al. 2015. Severity markers in severe leptospirosis: a cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 34: 687–695.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1898 | 1717 | 34 |
| Full Text Views | 665 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 251 | 9 | 0 |
Leptospirosis in French Historical Medical Literature: Weil’s Disease or Kelsch’s Disease?
Arnaud Tarantola
Arnaud Tarantola
Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Cyrille Goarant
Cyrille Goarant
Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Early names for leptospirosis often indicate occupational or environmental exposure. Leptospirosis is hard to identify in the tropical setting because of co-circulating diseases. This is not the case in the temperate setting, such as Europe, where the few historical differential diagnoses were malaria, typhoid, and viral hepatitis. Leptospirosis presumably caused community epidemics in Europe before 1900 and military epidemiologists carefully documented outbreaks in “constrained settings.” Achille Kelsch (1841–1911) synthesized available military data and epidemiological perspectives to define “epidemic jaundice” as a nosological continuum, caused by an infectious agent found in muds and water. He viewed Weil’s disease as being only one form of that now well-identified disease continuum. The causative pathogen and epidemiological determinants were identified years later. The role of soils and muds as intermediate reservoirs, as suggested by Kelsch, deserves further investigation.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Arnaud Tarantola and Cyrille Goarant, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia, E-mails: atarantola@pasteur.nc and cgoarant@pasteur.nc.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Weil A, 1886. Über eine Eigenthümliche mit Milztumor, Icterus und Nephritis Einhergehende Acute Infectionskrankheit. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/b2811906x/b2811906x_djvu.txt. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
2.
Faine S, Adler B, Bolin C, Perolat P, 1999. Leptospira and Leptospirosis, 2nd edition. Melbourne, Australia: MediSci.
-
3.
Conover MR, Vail RM, 2015. Leptospirosis. In: Human Diseases from Wildlife. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 175–189.
-
4.
Hem S et al. 2016. Estimating the burden of leptospirosis among febrile subjects aged below 20 years in Kampong Cham communities, Cambodia, 2007–2009. PLoS One 11: e0151555.
-
5.
Seguin MPEM, 1889. Considérations Générales sur les Épidémies D’ictère Catarrhal, à Propos d’une Série de Cas Observés Dans les Troupes Casernées à Lorient en 1889. Thèze, Rochefort-sur-Mer. Available at: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5684130c. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
6.
Fritsch-Lang E, 1861. Épidémie d’Ictère Compliqué de Purpura Observée à Civita-Vecchia en Janvier 1859. Thèse, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg.
-
7.
Ogilvie G, 1901. Jaundice in typhoid fever. BMJ 1: 75–78.
-
8.
Hadler SC, Webster HM, Erben JJ, Swanson JE, Maynard JE, 1980. Hepatitis a in day-care centers. N Engl J Med 302: 1222–1227.
-
9.
Jacobsen KH, Koopman JS, 2004. Declining hepatitis A seroprevalence: a global review and analysis. Epidemiol Infect 132: 1005–1022.
-
10.
Geltner D, Naot Y, Zimhoni O, Gorbach S, Bar-Khayim Y, 1992. Acute oliguric renal failure complicating type A nonfulminant viral hepatitis. A case presentation and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol 14: 160–162.
-
11.
Marr JS, Cathey JT, 2010. New hypothesis for cause of epidemic among native Americans, New England, 1616–1619. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 281–286.
-
12.
Dawson B, Hume WE, Bedson SP, 1917. Infective jaundice. BMJ 2: 345–354.
-
13.
Ozanam JAF, 1835. Histoire Médicale Générale et Particulière Des Maladies Épidémiques, Contagieuses et Épizotiques Qui Ont Régné en Europe Depuis les Temps les plus Reculés, et Notamment Depuis Le XIVe Siècle Jusqu’à Nos Jours. T1/Par J.-A.-F. Ozanam,…; 1835. Available at: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k441472f. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
14.
Pringle J, Rush B, 1812. Chapter III–A general account of the diseases of the British troops, during the campaign in Germany in the year 1743; and the ensuing winter in Flanders. In: Observations on the Diseases of the Army. Philadelphia, PA: Anthony Finley; Fry and Kammerer, printers. Available at: http://archive.org/details/2567047R.nlm.nih.gov. Accessed July 4, 2018.
-
15.
Longuet R, 1886. L’origine tellurique de l’ictère catarrhal. Union Médicale J Intérêts Sci Prat Moraux Prof Corps Méd 1886 42: 433–438.
-
16.
Marvaud A, 1894. Chapitre XIV—Les ictères. In: Les Maladies du Soldat : Étude Etiologique, Epidémiologique, Clinique et Prophylactique. Paris, France: Félix Alcan, 886. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/b21927170#page/n7/mode/2up. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
17.
Laveran A, 1875. Traité des Maladies et Épidémies des Armées. Paris, France: Masson. Available at: http://archive.org/details/b21356117. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
18.
Worms D, 1865. Relation de la maladie qui a régné pendant le mois de Mai 1865 sur les troupes casernées à Saint-Cloud (2). Gaz Hebd Médecine Chir 2: 533–535.
-
19.
Worms D, 1865. Relation sur la maladie ictérique, qui a régné pendant le mois de mai 1865 sur les troupes casernées à Saint-Cloud (1). Gaz Hebd Médecine Chir 2: 524.
-
20.
Osborne M, 1992. French military epidemiology and the limits of the laboratory: The case of Louis-Félix-Achille Kelsch. Cunningham A, Williams P, eds. The Laboratory Revolution in Medicine. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 189–208. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/12586319/_French_military_epidemiology_and_the_limits_of_the_laboratory_The_case_of_Louis-F%C3%A9lix-Achille_Kelsch_. Accessed July 4, 2018.
-
21.
Kelsch A, 1894. De l’ictère essentiel. In: Traité des Maladies Épidémiques : Étiologie et Pathogénie des Maladies Infectieuses. Paris, France: Octave Doin, 178–198. Available at: https://archive.org/details/b21985091_0001. Accessed July 3, 2018.
-
22.
Deschamps E, 1886. De la nature de l’ictère catarrhal, par M. Kelsch. Union Médicale J Intérêts Sci Prat Moraux Prof Corps Méd 1886: 453.
-
23.
Mathieu A, 1886. Typhus hépatique bénin, rechute, guérison. Rev Médecine 6: 633–639.
-
24.
Landouzy L, 1883. Typhus hépatique. Gaz Hôp Civ Mil 1883: 913–914.
-
25.
Inada R, Ido Y, Hoki R, Kaneko R, Ito H, 1916. The etiology, mode of infection, and specific therapy of Weil’s disease (spirochaetosis icterohaemorrhagica). J Exp Med 23: 377–402.
-
26.
Wolbach SB, Binger CAL, 1914. Notes on a filterable spirochete from fresh water. Spirocheta biflexa (new species). J Med Res 30: 23–26.1.
-
27.
Stimson AM, 1907. Note on an organism found in yellow-fever tissue. Public Health Rep 1896-1970 22: 541–541.
-
28.
Ido Y, Hoki R, Ito H, Wani H, 1917. The rat as a carrier of spirochæta icterohæmorrhagiæ, the causative agent of Weil’s disease (spirochætosis icterohæmorrhagica). J Exp Med 26: 341–353.
-
29.
Ido Y, Hoki R, Ito H, Wani H, 1916. The prophylaxis of Weil’s disease (spirochætosis icterohæmorrhagica). J Exp Med 24: 471–483.
-
30.
Noguchi H, 1918. The survival of leptospira (spirochaeta) icterohaemorrhagiae in nature; observations concerning microchemical reactions and intermediary hosts. J Exp Med 27: 609–625.
-
31.
Felzemburgh RDM et al. 2014. Prospective study of leptospirosis transmission in an urban slum community: role of poor environment in repeated exposures to the Leptospira agent. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2927.
-
32.
Thibeaux R, Girault D, Bierque E, Soupé-Gilbert M-E, Rettinger A, Douyère A, Meyer M, Iraola G, Picardeau M, Goarant C, 2018. Biodiversity of environmental leptospira: improving identification and revisiting the diagnosis. Front Microbiol 9: 816.
-
33.
Thibeaux R, Iraola G, Ferrés I, Bierque E, Girault D, Soupé-Gilbert ME, Picardeau M, Goarant C, 2018. Deciphering the unexplored Leptospira diversity from soils uncovers genomic evolution to virulence. Microbial Genomics 4: 000144.
-
34.
Hill AB, 1965. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 58: 295–300.
-
35.
Mikulski M et al. 2015. Severity markers in severe leptospirosis: a cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 34: 687–695.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1898 | 1717 | 34 |
| Full Text Views | 665 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 251 | 9 | 0 |