Molecular Detection of Bartonella bacilliformis in Lutzomyia maranonensis in Cajamarca, Peru: A New Potential Vector of Carrion’s Disease in Peru?

Gabriela M. Ulloa Centro de Investigación e Innovación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru;
Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;

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Fernando Vásquez-Achaya Centro de Investigación e Innovación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru;

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Cláudia Gomes ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;

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Luis J. del Valle Centre de Recerca en Ciència i Enginyeria Multiescala de Barcelona, Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Escuela de Ingeniería de Barcelona Este (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain;

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Joaquim Ruiz ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;

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Maria J. Pons Centro de Investigación e Innovación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru;
Laboratorio de Microbiología y Genómica Bacteriana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru

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Juana del Valle Mendoza Centro de Investigación e Innovación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru;

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Carrion’s disease is a neglected, vector-borne illness that affects Colombia, Ecuador, and especially Peru. The phlebotomine sand flies Lutzomyia verrucarum and Lutzomyia peruensis are the main illness vectors described, although other species may be implicated in endemic areas such as some northern Peruvian regions, in which Carrion’s disease vector has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Bartonella bacilliformis DNA in Lutzomyia maranonensis from Cajamarca, northern Peru. This sand fly has not been defined as a vector yet. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps were used to collect adult phlebotomine sand flies from 2007 to 2008 in the Cajamarca department. Female specimens were identified using morphological keys and were grouped into pools of five sand flies, taking into account district and sampling site (intradomicile or peridomicile). DNA was extracted, and then conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect B. bacilliformis and subsequently confirmed by sequencing. A total of 383 specimens of L. maranonensis species were analyzed. Two of 76 pools were positive for B. bacilliformis by sequencing; all positives pools were from Querocotillo district. In addition, Mesorhizobium spp. were identified in two pools of sand flies, which is an α-proteobacteria phylogenetically very close to B. bacilliformis. This study presents molecular evidence that suggests L. maranonensis is naturally infected by B. bacilliformis in the Cajamarca department. Further research should determine if L. maranonensis is a vector and could transmit B. bacilliformis.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Maria J. Pons, Laboratorio de Microbiología y Genómica Bacteriana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Crta. Panamericana sur km 19, Lima 15067, Peru. E-mail: ma.pons.cas@gmail.com

Financial support: This work was supported by the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (GR000589), Programa Nacional de Innovación para la Competitividad y Productividad (Innóvate Perú)-contract 116-PNICP-PIAP-2015. J. R. had a fellowship from the program I3SNS of the ISCIII (grant number: CES11/012); C. G. had a predoctoral grant from the ISCIII (FI12/00561).

Authors’ addresses: Gabriela M. Ulloa, Centro de Investigación e Innovación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru, and Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mail: gulloau92@gmail.com. Fernando Vásquez-Achaya and Juana del Valle Mendoza, Centro de Investigación e Innovación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru, E-mails: fernando.vasquez.achaya@gmail.com and juana.delvalle@upc.edu.pe. Cláudia Gomes and Joaquim Ruiz, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, E-mails: claudiasofiapgomes@gmail.com and joruiz.trabajo@gmail.com. Luis J. del Valle, Departament d’Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, E-mail: luis.javier.del.valle@upc.edu. Maria J. Pons, Microbiología molecular y Genómica bacteriana, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru, E-mail: ma.pons.cas@gmail.com.

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