Kitzman D, Wei S-Y, Fleckenstein L, 2006. Liquid chromatographic assay of ivermectin in human plasma for application to clinical pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 40: 1013–1020.
Chhonker YS, Edi C, Murry DJ, 2017. LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and albendazole metabolites in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 151: 84–90.
Ceballos L, Krolewiecki A, Juárez M, Moreno L, Schaer F, Alvarez LI, Cimino R, Walson J, Lanusse CE, 2018. Assessment of serum pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of albendazole and its metabolites in human volunteers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0005945.
Marriner S, Morris D, Dickson B, Bogan J, 1986. Pharmacokinetics of albendazole in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 30: 705–708.
Rose CE, Paciullo CA, Kelly DR, Dougherty MJ, Fleckenstein LL, 2009. Fatal outcome of disseminated strongyloidiasis despite detectable plasma and cerebrospinal levels of orally administered ivermectin. J Parasitol Res 2009: 818296.
Barrett J, Broderick C, Soulsby H, Wade P, Newsholme W, 2016. Subcutaneous ivermectin use in the treatment of severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection: two case reports and a discussion of the literature. J Antimicrob Chemother 71: 220–225.
Buonfrate D, Requena-Mendez A, Angheben A, Muñoz J, Gobbi F, Van Den Ende J, Bisoffi Z, 2013. Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review of case reports. BMC Infect Dis 13: 78.
Boggild AK, Libman M, Greenaway C, McCarthy A; CATMAT, 2016. CATMAT statement on disseminated strongyloidiasis: prevention, assessment and management guidelines. Can Commun Dis Rep 42: 12–19.
Bogoch II, Khan K, Abrams H, Nott C, Leung E, Fleckenstein L, Keystone JS, 2015. Failure of ivermectin per rectum to achieve clinically meaningful serum levels in two cases of Strongyloides hyperinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 94–96.
Grein JD, Mathisen GE, Donovan S, Fleckenstein L, 2010. Serum ivermectin levels after enteral and subcutaneous administration for Strongyloides hyperinfection: a case report. Scand J Infect Dis 42: 234–236.
de Moura EB, Maia M de O, Ghazi M, Amorim FF, Pinhati HM, 2012. Salvage treatment of disseminated strongyloidiasis in an immunocompromised patient: therapy success with subcutaneous ivermectin. Braz J Infect Dis 16: 479–481.
Turner SA, Maclean JD, Fleckenstein L, Greenaway C, 2005. Parenteral administration of ivermectin in a patient with disseminated strongyloidiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 911–914.
Donadello K, Cristallini S, Taccone FS, Lorent S, Vincent J-L, de Backer D, Jacobs F, 2013. Strongyloides disseminated infection successfully treated with parenteral ivermectin: case report with drug concentration measurements and review of the literature. Int J Antimicrob Agents 42: 580–583.
Leung V, Al-Rawahi GN, Grant J, Fleckenstein L, Bowie W, 2008. Failure of subcutaneous ivermectin in treating Strongyloides hyperinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 853–855.
Fusco DN, Downs JA, Satlin MJ, Pahuja M, Ramos L, Barie PS, Fleckenstein L, Murray HW, 2010. Non-oral treatment with ivermectin for disseminated strongyloidiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 879–883.
Marty FM, Lowry CM, Rodriguez M, Milner DA, Pieciak WS, Sinha A, Fleckenstein L, Baden LR, 2005. Treatment of human disseminated strongyloidiasis with a parenteral veterinary formulation of ivermectin. Clin Infect Dis 41: e5–e8.
González Canga A, Sahagún Prieto AM, Diez Liébana MJ, Fernández MartÃnez N, Sierra Vega M, GarcÃa Vieitez JJ, 2008. The pharmacokinetics and interactions of ivermectin in humans—a mini-review. AAPS J 10: 42–46.
Mahanty S, Paredes A, Marzal M, Gonzalez E, Rodriguez S, Dorny P, Guerra-Giraldez C, Garcia HH, Nash T, 2011. Sensitive in vitro system to assess morphological and biochemical effects of praziquantel and albendazole on Taenia solium cysts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 211–217.
Thomsen EK et al. 2016. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of coadministered diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Clin Infect Dis 62: 334–341.
Skuhala T, Trkulja V, Desnica B, 2014. Albendazolesulphoxide concentrations in plasma and hydatid cyst and prediction of parasitological and clinical outcomes in patients with liver hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Croat Med J 55: 146–155.
Paredes A, de Campos Lourenço T, Marzal M, Rivera A, Dorny P, Mahanty S, Guerra-Giraldez C, GarcÃa HH, Nash TE, Cass QB; Peru the CWG, 2013. In vitro analysis of albendazole sulfoxide enantiomers shows that (+)-(R)-albendazole sulfoxide is the active enantiomer against Taenia solium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57: 944–949.
Sarin R, Dash AP, Dua VK, 2004. Albendazole sulphoxide concentrations in plasma of endemic normals from a lymphatic filariasis endemic region using liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 799: 233–238.
Chhonker YS, Edi C, Murry DJ, 2018. LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and albendazole metabolites in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 151: 84–90.
Jung H, Hurtado M, Sanchez M, Medina MT, Sotelo J, 1992. Clinical pharmacokinetics of albendazole in patients with brain cysticercosis. J Clin Pharmacol 32: 28–31.
Bolfer L, Bandt C, Shih A, Buckley G, 2013. 1132: use of single pass lipid dialysis for the treatment of avermectin toxicity. Crit Care Med 41: A286–A287.
Johnson CA, Simmons WD, 2000. Dialysis of Drugs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Nephrology Pharmacy Associates, Inc.
Dzierba AL, Abrams D, Brodie D, 2017. Medicating patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the evidence is building. Crit Care 21: 66.
Shekar K et al. 2012. Sequestration of drugs in the circuit may lead to therapeutic failure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care 16: R194.
Venkatesan P, 1998. Albendazole. J Antimicrob Chemother 41: 145–147.
Dong MD, Karsenti N, Lau R, Ralevski F, Cheema K, Burton L, Klowak M, Boggild AK, 2016. Strongyloidiasis in Ontario: performance of diagnostic tests over a 14-month period. Travel Med Infect Dis 14: 625–629.
Gattinoni L, Carlesso E, Langer T, 2011. Clinical review: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care 15: 243.
Fardet L, Généreau T, Poirot J-L, Guidet B, Kettaneh A, Cabane J, 2007. Severe strongyloidiasis in corticosteroid-treated patients: case series and literature review. J Infect 54: 18–27.
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Disseminated strongyloidiasis is often fatal, despite treatment with oral albendazole and parenteral ivermectin (IVM). Here, we report elevated plasma IVM and albendazole sulfoxide concentrations in the context of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous renal replacement therapy in a patient with disseminated strongyloidiasis treated with subcutaneous IVM and nasogastric albenzadole. Despite elevated drug plasma concentrations, live filariform larvae were detected in endotracheal aspirates after 2 weeks of treatment.
Authors’ addresses: Carl Boodman, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, E-mails: carl.boodman@alumni.ubc.ca or carl.boodman@mail.mcgill.ca. Yashpal S. Chhonker and Daryl J. Murry, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, E-mails: y.chhonker@unmc.edu and dj.murry@unmc.edu. Allison Mah, Jennifer Grant, and Theodore Steiner, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, E-mails: allimah@mail.ubc.ca, Jennifer.Grant@vch.ca, and tsteiner@mail.ubc.ca. Michael Libman, J. D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, E-mail: michael.libman@mcgill.ca. Cesilia Nishi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, E-mail: cesilia.nishi@vch.ca. Marthe Charles, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, E-mail: marthe.charles@vch.ca.
Kitzman D, Wei S-Y, Fleckenstein L, 2006. Liquid chromatographic assay of ivermectin in human plasma for application to clinical pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 40: 1013–1020.
Chhonker YS, Edi C, Murry DJ, 2017. LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and albendazole metabolites in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 151: 84–90.
Ceballos L, Krolewiecki A, Juárez M, Moreno L, Schaer F, Alvarez LI, Cimino R, Walson J, Lanusse CE, 2018. Assessment of serum pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of albendazole and its metabolites in human volunteers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e0005945.
Marriner S, Morris D, Dickson B, Bogan J, 1986. Pharmacokinetics of albendazole in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 30: 705–708.
Rose CE, Paciullo CA, Kelly DR, Dougherty MJ, Fleckenstein LL, 2009. Fatal outcome of disseminated strongyloidiasis despite detectable plasma and cerebrospinal levels of orally administered ivermectin. J Parasitol Res 2009: 818296.
Barrett J, Broderick C, Soulsby H, Wade P, Newsholme W, 2016. Subcutaneous ivermectin use in the treatment of severe Strongyloides stercoralis infection: two case reports and a discussion of the literature. J Antimicrob Chemother 71: 220–225.
Buonfrate D, Requena-Mendez A, Angheben A, Muñoz J, Gobbi F, Van Den Ende J, Bisoffi Z, 2013. Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review of case reports. BMC Infect Dis 13: 78.
Boggild AK, Libman M, Greenaway C, McCarthy A; CATMAT, 2016. CATMAT statement on disseminated strongyloidiasis: prevention, assessment and management guidelines. Can Commun Dis Rep 42: 12–19.
Bogoch II, Khan K, Abrams H, Nott C, Leung E, Fleckenstein L, Keystone JS, 2015. Failure of ivermectin per rectum to achieve clinically meaningful serum levels in two cases of Strongyloides hyperinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 94–96.
Grein JD, Mathisen GE, Donovan S, Fleckenstein L, 2010. Serum ivermectin levels after enteral and subcutaneous administration for Strongyloides hyperinfection: a case report. Scand J Infect Dis 42: 234–236.
de Moura EB, Maia M de O, Ghazi M, Amorim FF, Pinhati HM, 2012. Salvage treatment of disseminated strongyloidiasis in an immunocompromised patient: therapy success with subcutaneous ivermectin. Braz J Infect Dis 16: 479–481.
Turner SA, Maclean JD, Fleckenstein L, Greenaway C, 2005. Parenteral administration of ivermectin in a patient with disseminated strongyloidiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 911–914.
Donadello K, Cristallini S, Taccone FS, Lorent S, Vincent J-L, de Backer D, Jacobs F, 2013. Strongyloides disseminated infection successfully treated with parenteral ivermectin: case report with drug concentration measurements and review of the literature. Int J Antimicrob Agents 42: 580–583.
Leung V, Al-Rawahi GN, Grant J, Fleckenstein L, Bowie W, 2008. Failure of subcutaneous ivermectin in treating Strongyloides hyperinfection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 853–855.
Fusco DN, Downs JA, Satlin MJ, Pahuja M, Ramos L, Barie PS, Fleckenstein L, Murray HW, 2010. Non-oral treatment with ivermectin for disseminated strongyloidiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 879–883.
Marty FM, Lowry CM, Rodriguez M, Milner DA, Pieciak WS, Sinha A, Fleckenstein L, Baden LR, 2005. Treatment of human disseminated strongyloidiasis with a parenteral veterinary formulation of ivermectin. Clin Infect Dis 41: e5–e8.
González Canga A, Sahagún Prieto AM, Diez Liébana MJ, Fernández MartÃnez N, Sierra Vega M, GarcÃa Vieitez JJ, 2008. The pharmacokinetics and interactions of ivermectin in humans—a mini-review. AAPS J 10: 42–46.
Mahanty S, Paredes A, Marzal M, Gonzalez E, Rodriguez S, Dorny P, Guerra-Giraldez C, Garcia HH, Nash T, 2011. Sensitive in vitro system to assess morphological and biochemical effects of praziquantel and albendazole on Taenia solium cysts. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55: 211–217.
Thomsen EK et al. 2016. Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of coadministered diethylcarbamazine, albendazole, and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Clin Infect Dis 62: 334–341.
Skuhala T, Trkulja V, Desnica B, 2014. Albendazolesulphoxide concentrations in plasma and hydatid cyst and prediction of parasitological and clinical outcomes in patients with liver hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Croat Med J 55: 146–155.
Paredes A, de Campos Lourenço T, Marzal M, Rivera A, Dorny P, Mahanty S, Guerra-Giraldez C, GarcÃa HH, Nash TE, Cass QB; Peru the CWG, 2013. In vitro analysis of albendazole sulfoxide enantiomers shows that (+)-(R)-albendazole sulfoxide is the active enantiomer against Taenia solium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57: 944–949.
Sarin R, Dash AP, Dua VK, 2004. Albendazole sulphoxide concentrations in plasma of endemic normals from a lymphatic filariasis endemic region using liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 799: 233–238.
Chhonker YS, Edi C, Murry DJ, 2018. LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of diethylcarbamazine, albendazole and albendazole metabolites in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 151: 84–90.
Jung H, Hurtado M, Sanchez M, Medina MT, Sotelo J, 1992. Clinical pharmacokinetics of albendazole in patients with brain cysticercosis. J Clin Pharmacol 32: 28–31.
Bolfer L, Bandt C, Shih A, Buckley G, 2013. 1132: use of single pass lipid dialysis for the treatment of avermectin toxicity. Crit Care Med 41: A286–A287.
Johnson CA, Simmons WD, 2000. Dialysis of Drugs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Nephrology Pharmacy Associates, Inc.
Dzierba AL, Abrams D, Brodie D, 2017. Medicating patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the evidence is building. Crit Care 21: 66.
Shekar K et al. 2012. Sequestration of drugs in the circuit may lead to therapeutic failure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care 16: R194.
Venkatesan P, 1998. Albendazole. J Antimicrob Chemother 41: 145–147.
Dong MD, Karsenti N, Lau R, Ralevski F, Cheema K, Burton L, Klowak M, Boggild AK, 2016. Strongyloidiasis in Ontario: performance of diagnostic tests over a 14-month period. Travel Med Infect Dis 14: 625–629.
Gattinoni L, Carlesso E, Langer T, 2011. Clinical review: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care 15: 243.
Fardet L, Généreau T, Poirot J-L, Guidet B, Kettaneh A, Cabane J, 2007. Severe strongyloidiasis in corticosteroid-treated patients: case series and literature review. J Infect 54: 18–27.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 381 | 252 | 78 |
Full Text Views | 570 | 15 | 2 |
PDF Downloads | 201 | 15 | 0 |