ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Wahlers K, Menezes CN, Wong ML, Zeyhle E, Ahmed ME, Ocaido M, Stijnis C, Romig T, Kern P, Grobusch MP, 2012. Cystic echinococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 871–880.
-
2.
Romig T et al. 2011. Echinococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa: emerging complexity. Vet Parasitol 181: 43–47.
-
3.
Deplazes P et al. 2017. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Adv Parasitol 95: 315–493.
-
4.
Buishi I, Njoroge E, Zeyhle E, Rogan M, Craig P, 2006. Canine echinococcosis in Turkana (north–western Kenya): a coproantigen survey in the previous hydatid-control area and an analysis of risk factors. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100: 601–610.
-
5.
Buishi IE, Njoroge EM, Bouamra O, Craig PS, 2005. Canine echinococcosis in northwest Libya: assessment of coproantigen ELISA, and a survey of infection with analysis of risk-factors. Vet Parasitol 130: 223–232.
-
6.
Macpherson CN, French CM, Stevenson P, Karstad L, Arundel JH, 1985. Hydatid disease in the Turkana District of Kenya, IV. The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs, and observations on the role of the dog in the lifestyle of the Turkana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 79: 51–61.
-
7.
Normand T, Bourry O, Dang H, Leroy E, Bourdoiseau G, Davoust B, 2006. Enquête sur le parasitisme digestif des chiens dans une zone rurale du Gabon. Bull. Acad. Vét. France 159: 59–68.
-
8.
Beugnet F, Edderai D, 1998. Epidemiological survey on digestive and blood helminths of dogs in Libreville, Gabon. Rev Med Vet (Toulouse) 149: 327–330.
-
9.
Sixl W, Rosegger H, Schneeweiss H, Withalm H, Schuhmann G, 1987. Serological investigations in Nigeria for anthropozoonoses in human sera: brucellosis, echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, chlamydial diseases, listeriosis, rickettsiosis (Coxiella burneti and Rickettsia conori). J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 31 (4 Suppl): 493–495.
-
10.
Dada BJ, 1980. Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: I—prevalence of human taeniasis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis based on a retrospective analysis of hospital records. J Helminthol 54: 281–286.
-
11.
Develoux M, Enache-Angoulvant A, Gounant V, Brian E, Khalil A, Bazelly B, Hennequin C, 2011. Hepatic and pulmonary cystic echinococcosis in a patient from the Central African Republic. Travel Med Infect Dis 9: 88–90.
-
12.
Firmin AA, Bernadette NN, Catherine M, Roger D, Eric T, Oudou N, Claude NNE, McManus DP, Eimo M, 2013. Intracystic bleeding of a solitary hydatid cyst: a rare complication of a rare disease in central Africa. A case report. Case Rep Clin Med 2: 163.
-
13.
Angheben A, Mariconti M, Degani M, Gobbo M, Palvarini L, Gobbi F, Brunetti E, Tamarozzi F, 2017. Is there echinococcosis in West Africa? A refugee from Niger with a liver cyst. Parasit Vectors 10: 232.
-
14.
De Meulemeester J, Dardenne G, 1958. Hydatid cyst of the liver in a European living in the Belgian Congo. Acta Chir Belg 57:283–295.
-
15.
Ramharter M et al. 2007. History and perspectives of medical research at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, Gabon. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119 (19–20 Suppl 3): 8–12.
-
16.
The World Factbook—Central Intelligence Agency. Gabon. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gb.html. Accessed November 28, 2017.
-
17.
Manego RZ et al. 2017. Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon. BMC Public Health 17: 130.
-
18.
Lötsch F, Obermüller M, Mischlinger J, Mombo-Ngoma G, Groger M, Adegnika AA, Agnandji ST, Schneider R, Auer H, Ramharter M, 2016. Seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in a rural population in central African Gabon. Parasitol Int 65: 632–634.
-
19.
Adegnika AA, Ramharter M, Agnandji ST, Ateba Ngoa U, Issifou S, Yazdanbahksh M, Kremsner PG, 2010. Epidemiology of parasitic co-infections during pregnancy in Lambaréné, Gabon. Trop Med Int Health 15: 1204–1209.
-
20.
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA; Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE, 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
-
21.
Wassermann M, Aschenborn O, Aschenborn J, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, 2015. A sylvatic lifecycle of Echinococcus equinus in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 4: 97–103.
-
22.
Mathis A, Deplazes P, Eckert J, 1996. An improved test system for PCR-based specific detection of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. J Helminthol 70: 219–222.
-
23.
Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, Siefert L, Boomker JDF, Dinkel A, Sako Y, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, Ito A, 2008. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion. Int J Parasitol 38: 861–868.
-
24.
Echinococcosis–Epidemiology, World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/echinococcosis/epidemiology/en/. Accessed March 12, 2018.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1117 | 1012 | 344 |
| Full Text Views | 1807 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 100 | 10 | 0 |
Preliminary Evidence for the Absence of Cystic Echinococcosis in Gabon: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Survey in Humans and Definitive Hosts
Felix Lötsch
Felix Lötsch
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Johannes Mischlinger
Johannes Mischlinger
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Mirjam Groger
Mirjam Groger
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Luzia Veletzky
Luzia Veletzky
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
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Ayôla Akim Adegnika
Ayôla Akim Adegnika
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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Bertrand Lell
Bertrand Lell
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
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Marielle Bouyou-Akotet
Marielle Bouyou-Akotet
Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon;
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Markus Obermüller
Markus Obermüller
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
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Marion Wassermann
Marion Wassermann
Department of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;
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Renate Schneider
Renate Schneider
Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
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Herbert Auer
Herbert Auer
Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
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Michael Ramharter
Michael Ramharter
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon;
Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a globally endemic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex. Although the disease is known to be highly prevalent in certain parts of North and East Africa, data on CE, both in humans and definitive hosts, are extremely scarce for Central Africa. The present study assessed the epidemiology of CE in humans and dogs in rural Gabon. An ultrasound and serologic survey was conducted in volunteers from rural villages in Gabon. A two-step approach was used for serological testing with an indirect hemagglutination assay as a screening test and Western Blot as a confirmatory test. Fecal dog samples were analyzed microscopically, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of nad1 and cox1 genes was performed when taeniid eggs were visible. Regional hospitals and the national reference center for parasitology in Gabon were contacted for information about previous cases of CE. Randomly selected communities were invited to participate. Three hundred and forty-eight human volunteers from these communities were screened. No suspected cases of CE were detected. Definitive host screening was performed from 128 fecal samples from representative subregions, but no eggs from E. granulosus s.l. were found. No documented cases of echinococcosis were reported from the local health-care institutions and the national diagnostic reference center in Gabon. Cystic echinococcosis seems to be very rare or absent in Gabon. The reason for this lack of evidence for echinococcosis is unknown, but the absence of livestock may play a major role.
Author Notes
Financial support: We are grateful for the financial support of the Landsteiner Gesellschaft, Austria.
Authors’ addresses: Felix Lötsch, Mirjam Groger, and Markus Obermüller, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medizinische Universitat Wien, Wien, Austria, E-mails: felix.loetsch@gmail.com, mirjam.groger@gmail.com, and markus.obermueller@meduniwien.ac.at. Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma, Centre de Recherches Médicals de Lambaréné, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon, E-mail: ghyslain.mombongoma@gmail.com. Johannes Mischlinger and Luzia Veletzky, Centre de Recherches Médicals de Lambaréné, Lambarene, Gabon, E-mails: hannes.mischlinger@gmail.com and luzia.veletzky@meduniwien.ac.at. Ayôla Akim Adegnika, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, E-mail: aadegnika@gmail.com. Betrand Lell, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, E-mail: bertrand.lell@gmail.com. Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Moyen-Ogooué, Gabon, E-mail: agnandjis@lambarene.org. Marielle Bouyou-Akotet, Department of Parasitology Mycology, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon, and Malaria Clinical Research and Operational Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Libreville, Libreville, Gabon, E-mail: mariellebouyou@gmail.com. Marion Wassermann, Department of Zoology, Universitat Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, E-mail: marion.wassermann@uni-hohenheim.de. Renate Schneider and Herbert Auer, Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Vienna, Austria, E-mails: renate.schneider@meduniwien.ac.at and herbert.auer@meduniwien.ac.at. Michael Ramharter, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, and Bernhard Nocht Hospital for Tropical Diseases,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, E-mail: ramharter@bnitm.de.
Address correspondence to Michael Ramharter, Bernhard Nocht Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany. E-mail: ramharter@bnitm.de
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Wahlers K, Menezes CN, Wong ML, Zeyhle E, Ahmed ME, Ocaido M, Stijnis C, Romig T, Kern P, Grobusch MP, 2012. Cystic echinococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 871–880.
-
2.
Romig T et al. 2011. Echinococcosis in sub-Saharan Africa: emerging complexity. Vet Parasitol 181: 43–47.
-
3.
Deplazes P et al. 2017. Global distribution of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Adv Parasitol 95: 315–493.
-
4.
Buishi I, Njoroge E, Zeyhle E, Rogan M, Craig P, 2006. Canine echinococcosis in Turkana (north–western Kenya): a coproantigen survey in the previous hydatid-control area and an analysis of risk factors. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 100: 601–610.
-
5.
Buishi IE, Njoroge EM, Bouamra O, Craig PS, 2005. Canine echinococcosis in northwest Libya: assessment of coproantigen ELISA, and a survey of infection with analysis of risk-factors. Vet Parasitol 130: 223–232.
-
6.
Macpherson CN, French CM, Stevenson P, Karstad L, Arundel JH, 1985. Hydatid disease in the Turkana District of Kenya, IV. The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs, and observations on the role of the dog in the lifestyle of the Turkana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 79: 51–61.
-
7.
Normand T, Bourry O, Dang H, Leroy E, Bourdoiseau G, Davoust B, 2006. Enquête sur le parasitisme digestif des chiens dans une zone rurale du Gabon. Bull. Acad. Vét. France 159: 59–68.
-
8.
Beugnet F, Edderai D, 1998. Epidemiological survey on digestive and blood helminths of dogs in Libreville, Gabon. Rev Med Vet (Toulouse) 149: 327–330.
-
9.
Sixl W, Rosegger H, Schneeweiss H, Withalm H, Schuhmann G, 1987. Serological investigations in Nigeria for anthropozoonoses in human sera: brucellosis, echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, chlamydial diseases, listeriosis, rickettsiosis (Coxiella burneti and Rickettsia conori). J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 31 (4 Suppl): 493–495.
-
10.
Dada BJ, 1980. Taeniasis, cysticercosis and echinococcosis/hydatidosis in Nigeria: I—prevalence of human taeniasis, cysticercosis and hydatidosis based on a retrospective analysis of hospital records. J Helminthol 54: 281–286.
-
11.
Develoux M, Enache-Angoulvant A, Gounant V, Brian E, Khalil A, Bazelly B, Hennequin C, 2011. Hepatic and pulmonary cystic echinococcosis in a patient from the Central African Republic. Travel Med Infect Dis 9: 88–90.
-
12.
Firmin AA, Bernadette NN, Catherine M, Roger D, Eric T, Oudou N, Claude NNE, McManus DP, Eimo M, 2013. Intracystic bleeding of a solitary hydatid cyst: a rare complication of a rare disease in central Africa. A case report. Case Rep Clin Med 2: 163.
-
13.
Angheben A, Mariconti M, Degani M, Gobbo M, Palvarini L, Gobbi F, Brunetti E, Tamarozzi F, 2017. Is there echinococcosis in West Africa? A refugee from Niger with a liver cyst. Parasit Vectors 10: 232.
-
14.
De Meulemeester J, Dardenne G, 1958. Hydatid cyst of the liver in a European living in the Belgian Congo. Acta Chir Belg 57:283–295.
-
15.
Ramharter M et al. 2007. History and perspectives of medical research at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, Gabon. Wien Klin Wochenschr 119 (19–20 Suppl 3): 8–12.
-
16.
The World Factbook—Central Intelligence Agency. Gabon. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gb.html. Accessed November 28, 2017.
-
17.
Manego RZ et al. 2017. Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon. BMC Public Health 17: 130.
-
18.
Lötsch F, Obermüller M, Mischlinger J, Mombo-Ngoma G, Groger M, Adegnika AA, Agnandji ST, Schneider R, Auer H, Ramharter M, 2016. Seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in a rural population in central African Gabon. Parasitol Int 65: 632–634.
-
19.
Adegnika AA, Ramharter M, Agnandji ST, Ateba Ngoa U, Issifou S, Yazdanbahksh M, Kremsner PG, 2010. Epidemiology of parasitic co-infections during pregnancy in Lambaréné, Gabon. Trop Med Int Health 15: 1204–1209.
-
20.
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA; Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE, 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
-
21.
Wassermann M, Aschenborn O, Aschenborn J, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, 2015. A sylvatic lifecycle of Echinococcus equinus in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 4: 97–103.
-
22.
Mathis A, Deplazes P, Eckert J, 1996. An improved test system for PCR-based specific detection of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. J Helminthol 70: 219–222.
-
23.
Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, Siefert L, Boomker JDF, Dinkel A, Sako Y, Mackenstedt U, Romig T, Ito A, 2008. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion. Int J Parasitol 38: 861–868.
-
24.
Echinococcosis–Epidemiology, World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/echinococcosis/epidemiology/en/. Accessed March 12, 2018.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1117 | 1012 | 344 |
| Full Text Views | 1807 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 100 | 10 | 0 |