Author:
- BACKGROUND
- METHODS
- Annual incidence rate of Cryptosporidium spp. positive stools in children from French Guiana (2008–2013).
- Clustered cryptosporidiosis cases on the Upper Maroni study site (January 2014–June 2015).
- Case definition, clinical and epidemiological investigations.
- Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, intestinal parasites, bacteria, and viruses in stool samples.
- Cryptosporidium spp. genotyping.
- Environmental investigations in the Upper Maroni study site.
- Incidence of gastroenteritis in the study area (January 2014–June 2015).
- RESULTS
- Retrospective (2008–2013) evaluation of the prevalence of pediatric cryptosporidiosis cases in the Upper Maroni study site.
- Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and isolate genotypes of clustered Cryptosporidium spp. gastroenteritis cases.
- Epidemiological characteristics of clustered Cryptosporidium spp. gastroenteritis cases.
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bera P, Das S, Saha R, Ramachandran VG, Shah D, 2014. Cryptosporidium in children with diarrhea: a hospital-based study. Indian Pediatr 51: 906–908.
-
2.
Checkley W et al.., 2015. A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 85–94.
-
3.
Kotloff KL et al.., 2013. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 382: 209–222.
-
4.
Sow SO et al.., 2016. The burden of Cryptosporidium diarrheal disease among children < 24 months of age in moderate/high mortality regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, utilizing data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004729.
-
5.
Bern C, Ortega Y, Checkley W, Roberts JM, Lescano AG, Cabrera L, Verastegui M, Black RE, Sterling C, Gilman RH, 2002. Epidemiologic differences between cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian children. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 581–585.
-
6.
Casemore DP, 1990. Epidemiological aspects of human cryptosporidiosis. Epidemiol Infect 104: 1–28.
-
7.
Rossignol JF, Ayoub A, Ayers MS, 2001. Treatment of diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Nitazoxanide. J Infect Dis 184: 103–106.
-
8.
Giles M, Chalmers R, Pritchard G, Elwin K, Mueller-Doblies D, Clifton-Hadley F, 2009. Cryptosporidium hominis in a goat and a sheep in the UK. Vet Rec 164: 24–25.
-
9.
O’Donoghue PJ, 1995. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. J Parasitol 25: 139–195.
-
10.
Guzman-Herrador B et al.., 1998. Waterborne outbreaks in the Nordic countries, 1998 to 2012. Euro Surveill 18: 20.
-
11.
Lake I, Bentham G, Kovats RS, Nichols GL, 2005. Effects of weather and river flow on cryptosporidiosis. J Water Health 3: 469–474.
-
12.
Gertler M et al.., 2015. Outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis following river flooding in the city of Halle (Saale), Germany, August 2013. BMC Infect Dis 15: 88.
-
13.
Nasser AM, 2016. Removal of Cryptosporidium by wastewater treatment processes: a review. J Water Health 14: 1–13.
-
14.
Henriksen SA, Pohlenz JF, 1981. Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand 22: 594–596.
-
15.
Dalle F et al.., 2003. Molecular characterization of isolates of waterborne Cryptosporidium spp. collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in South Burgundy, France. J Clin Microbiol 41: 2690–2693.
-
16.
Sulaiman IM, Hira PR, Zhou L, Al-Ali FM, Al-Shelahi FA, Shweiki HM, Iqbal J, Khalid N, Xiao L, 2005. Unique endemicity of cryptosporidiosis in children in Kuwait. J Clin Microbiol 43: 2805–2809.
-
17.
Morse TD, Nichols RA, Grimason AM, Campbell BM, Tembo KC, Smith HV, 2007. Incidence of cryptosporidiosis species in paediatric patients in Malawi. Epidemiol Infect 135: 1307–1315.
-
18.
Li N, Xiao L, Cama VA, Ortega Y, Gilman RH, Guo M, Feng Y, 2013. Genetic recombination and Cryptosporidium hominis virulent subtype IbA10G2. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1573–1582.
-
19.
Tallant C, Huddleston P, Alshanberi A, Misra S, 2016. Acute, severe Cryptosporidiosis in an immunocompetent pediatric patient. Clin Pract 6: 837.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 26 | 26 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 680 | 127 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 125 | 20 | 1 |
Cryptosporidiosis Outbreak in Immunocompetent Children from a Remote Area of French Guiana
Emilie Mosnier
Emilie Mosnier
Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Noémie Martin
Noémie Martin
Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Romy Razakandrainibe
Romy Razakandrainibe
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France;
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Frédéric Dalle
Frédéric Dalle
Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France;
UMR PAM Université de Bourgogne/AgrSup, Dijon, France;
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UMR PAM Université de Bourgogne/AgrSup, Dijon, France;
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Guillaume Roux
Guillaume Roux
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Arnaud Buteux
Arnaud Buteux
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Loïc Favennec
Loïc Favennec
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France;
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Paul Brousse
Paul Brousse
Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Basma Guarmit
Basma Guarmit
Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Denis Blanchet
Denis Blanchet
Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Loïc Epelboin
Loïc Epelboin
Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Camille Girouin
Camille Girouin
Agence Régionale de la Santé, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Elise Martin
Elise Martin
Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Félix Djossou
Félix Djossou
Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Mathieu Nacher
Mathieu Nacher
Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Centre d’Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France
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Centre d’Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France
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Magalie Demar
Magalie Demar
Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, Guyane, France;
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In September 2014, an increase in the number of Cryptosporidium spp. gastrointestinal tract infections was reported over a 6-month period among children living in a remote area along the Maroni River in French Guiana. Children presented gastroenteritis symptoms with Cryptosporidium-positive stools. Questionnaires were administered and stool examinations were controlled 3 months after the onset of symptoms. Data collection included demographics, food consumption, river behavior, symptoms, and outcome. Stool specimens were tested using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Samples from the water systems were examined for turbidity and culture for bacteria. Data from the reference laboratory were analyzed to calculate the median cryptosporidiosis incidence among immunocompetent patients from 2008 to 2015. Data on gastroenteritis cases reported by the Delocalized Center for Prevention and Care in the area were also collected. We report a cluster of 14 cases. All cases were children, aged between 4.5 and 38 months. Seven reported moderate to severe dehydration and required hospitalization. Speciation and microbiological typing revealed the cluster strain was Cryptosporidium hominis subtype IbA10G2 but C. hominis IbA9G2 and IbA15G1 strains were also identified. The median incidence in French Guiana was 5.8 cases per year before the outbreak. The first cases of the cluster appeared in the dry season. We describe the clinical features, epidemiology, and state of current investigations for the largest documented outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in French Guiana.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Emilie Mosnier, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Cayenne, France, Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universite de la Guyane, Cayenne, France, and Centre Hospitalier Andree Rosemon, Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Cayenne, France, E-mail: emilie.mosnier@gmail.com. Noémie Martin, Paul Brousse, Basma Guarmit, and Elise Martin, Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier Andree Rosemon, Cayenne, France, E-mails: guadano108@hotmail.com, paul.brousse@ch-cayenne.fr, basma.guarmit@ch-cayenne.fr, and elise.martin@ch-cayenne.fr. Romy Razakandrainibe, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France, E-mail: romy.razakandrainibe@univ-rouen.fr. Frédéric Dalle, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, Bourgogne, France, and UMR PAM Université de Bourgogne/AgrSup, Dijon, France, E-mail: frederic.dalle@chu-dijon.fr. Arnaux Buteux and Guillaume Roux, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et lMycologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayeenne, France, E-mails: guillaum.roux@gmail.com and arnaudbuteux@gmail.com. Denis Blanchet, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et lMycologie, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayeenne, France and Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Guayne, France, E-mail: denis.blanchet@ch-cayenne.fr. Loïc Favennec, Laboratoire de Parasitology, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France, and Lab Parasitology, University Hospital, Rouen, France, E-mail: loic.favennec@chu-rouen.fr. Loïc Epelboin, Equipe EA3593, Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universite de la Guyane, Cayenne, France, and Unité de Maladie Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, France, E-mail: loic.epelboin@hotmail.fr. Camille Girouin, Agence Régionale de la Santé, Guyane, Cayenne, France, E-mail: camille.girouin@ars.sante.fr. Félix Djossou, Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, France and Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, France, E-mail: felix.djossou@ch-cayenne.fr. Mathieu Nacher, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane, Centre Hospitalier Andree Rosemon, Cayenne, France, and Ecosystèmes amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Universite de la Guyane, Cayenne, France, E-mail: mathieu.nacher@ch-cayenne.fr. Magalie Demar, Replace Epidémiologie des Parasitoses et Mycoses Tropicales, Universités des Antilles et de la Guyane, Cayenne, France, Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, France, and Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne France and Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, France, E-mail: magalie.demar@ch-cayenne.fr.
- BACKGROUND
- METHODS
- Annual incidence rate of Cryptosporidium spp. positive stools in children from French Guiana (2008–2013).
- Clustered cryptosporidiosis cases on the Upper Maroni study site (January 2014–June 2015).
- Case definition, clinical and epidemiological investigations.
- Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, intestinal parasites, bacteria, and viruses in stool samples.
- Cryptosporidium spp. genotyping.
- Environmental investigations in the Upper Maroni study site.
- Incidence of gastroenteritis in the study area (January 2014–June 2015).
- RESULTS
- Retrospective (2008–2013) evaluation of the prevalence of pediatric cryptosporidiosis cases in the Upper Maroni study site.
- Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and isolate genotypes of clustered Cryptosporidium spp. gastroenteritis cases.
- Epidemiological characteristics of clustered Cryptosporidium spp. gastroenteritis cases.
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Bera P, Das S, Saha R, Ramachandran VG, Shah D, 2014. Cryptosporidium in children with diarrhea: a hospital-based study. Indian Pediatr 51: 906–908.
-
2.
Checkley W et al.., 2015. A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 85–94.
-
3.
Kotloff KL et al.., 2013. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 382: 209–222.
-
4.
Sow SO et al.., 2016. The burden of Cryptosporidium diarrheal disease among children < 24 months of age in moderate/high mortality regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, utilizing data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004729.
-
5.
Bern C, Ortega Y, Checkley W, Roberts JM, Lescano AG, Cabrera L, Verastegui M, Black RE, Sterling C, Gilman RH, 2002. Epidemiologic differences between cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian children. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 581–585.
-
6.
Casemore DP, 1990. Epidemiological aspects of human cryptosporidiosis. Epidemiol Infect 104: 1–28.
-
7.
Rossignol JF, Ayoub A, Ayers MS, 2001. Treatment of diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Nitazoxanide. J Infect Dis 184: 103–106.
-
8.
Giles M, Chalmers R, Pritchard G, Elwin K, Mueller-Doblies D, Clifton-Hadley F, 2009. Cryptosporidium hominis in a goat and a sheep in the UK. Vet Rec 164: 24–25.
-
9.
O’Donoghue PJ, 1995. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. J Parasitol 25: 139–195.
-
10.
Guzman-Herrador B et al.., 1998. Waterborne outbreaks in the Nordic countries, 1998 to 2012. Euro Surveill 18: 20.
-
11.
Lake I, Bentham G, Kovats RS, Nichols GL, 2005. Effects of weather and river flow on cryptosporidiosis. J Water Health 3: 469–474.
-
12.
Gertler M et al.., 2015. Outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis following river flooding in the city of Halle (Saale), Germany, August 2013. BMC Infect Dis 15: 88.
-
13.
Nasser AM, 2016. Removal of Cryptosporidium by wastewater treatment processes: a review. J Water Health 14: 1–13.
-
14.
Henriksen SA, Pohlenz JF, 1981. Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand 22: 594–596.
-
15.
Dalle F et al.., 2003. Molecular characterization of isolates of waterborne Cryptosporidium spp. collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in South Burgundy, France. J Clin Microbiol 41: 2690–2693.
-
16.
Sulaiman IM, Hira PR, Zhou L, Al-Ali FM, Al-Shelahi FA, Shweiki HM, Iqbal J, Khalid N, Xiao L, 2005. Unique endemicity of cryptosporidiosis in children in Kuwait. J Clin Microbiol 43: 2805–2809.
-
17.
Morse TD, Nichols RA, Grimason AM, Campbell BM, Tembo KC, Smith HV, 2007. Incidence of cryptosporidiosis species in paediatric patients in Malawi. Epidemiol Infect 135: 1307–1315.
-
18.
Li N, Xiao L, Cama VA, Ortega Y, Gilman RH, Guo M, Feng Y, 2013. Genetic recombination and Cryptosporidium hominis virulent subtype IbA10G2. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1573–1582.
-
19.
Tallant C, Huddleston P, Alshanberi A, Misra S, 2016. Acute, severe Cryptosporidiosis in an immunocompetent pediatric patient. Clin Pract 6: 837.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 26 | 26 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 680 | 127 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 125 | 20 | 1 |