Author:
ProCite
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Rodrigues LC, Lockwood DNj, 2011. Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps. Lancet Infect Dis 11: 464–470.
-
2.
Finnerup NB et al. 2016. Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice. Pain 157: 1599–1606.
-
3.
Haanpää M, Lockwood DN, Hietaharju A, 2004. Neuropathic pain in leprosy. Lepr Rev 75: 7–18.
-
4.
Merskey H, Bogduk N, 1994. Classification of Chronic Pain, IASP Task Force on Taxonomy, 2nd edition. Seattle, WA: IASP Press.
-
5.
Garbino JA et al. 2011. Association between neuropathic pain and A-waves in leprosy patients with type 1 and 2 reactions. J Clin Neurophysiol 28: 329–332.
-
6.
Van Veen NH, Nicholls PG, Smith WC, Richardus JH, 2016. Corticosteroids for treating nerve damage in leprosy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 23: CD005491.
-
7.
Santos JG et al. 2010. Translation to Portuguese and validation of the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire. J Pain 5: 484–490.
-
8.
Hamilton M, 1960. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23: 56–62.
-
9.
Henrique-Araújo R et al. 2014. Transcultural adaptation of GRID Hamilton rating scale for depression (GRID-HAMD) to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of the impact of training upon inter-rater reliability. Innov Clin Neurosci 11: 10–18.
-
10.
Zimmerman M, Martinez JH, Young D, Chelminski I, Dalrymple K, 2013. Severity classification on the Hamilton depression rating scale. J Affect Disord 150: 384–388.
-
11.
SORRI, 2008. Monofilament Aesthesiometer: Touch Sensitivity Testing Kit, User’s manual. São Paulo, Brazil: SORRI-Bauru.
-
12.
Camargo LHS, Baccarelli R, 1997. Avaliação sensitiva na neuropatia hansênica. Duerksen F, Virmond M, eds. Cirurgia reparadora e reabilitação em hanseníase. Bauru, Brazil: Centro de estudos Dr. Reynaldo Quagliato, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, 75–83.
-
13.
Compston A, 2010. Aids to the investigation of peripheral nerve injuries. Medical Research Council: Nerve Injuries Research Committee. His Majesty’s Stationery Office: 1942; pp. 48 (iii) and 74 figures and 7 diagrams; with aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system. By Michael O’Brien for the Guarantors of Brain. Saunders Elsevier: 2010; pp. [8] 64 and 94 Figures. Brain 133: 2838–2844.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 1988. WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy, Sixth Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
15.
Delisa JA et al. 1994. Manual of Nerve Conduction Velocity and Clinical Neurophysiology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
-
16.
Haroun OM et al. 2012. Investigation of neuropathic pain in treated leprosy patients in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Pain 153: 1620–1624.
-
17.
Ramos JM et al. 2014. Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients treated years ago. Pathog Glob Health 108: 186–190.
-
18.
Lasry-Levy E et al. 2011. Neuropathic pain and psychological morbidity in patients with treated leprosy: a cross-sectional prevalence study in Mumbai. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: 1–8.
-
19.
Raicher I et al. 2016. Neuropathic pain in leprosy. Clin Dermatol 34: 59–65.
-
20.
Chen S, Qu J, Chu T, 2012. Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in the people affected by leprosy in China. Lepr Rev 83: 195–201.
-
21.
Hietaharju A et al. 2000. Chronic neuropathic pain in treated leprosy. Lancet 23: 1080–1081.
-
22.
Saunderson PR, Bizuneh E, Leekassa R, 2008. Neuropathic pain in people treated for multibacillary leprosy more than ten years previously. Lepr Rev 79: 270–276.
-
23.
Stump PR et al. 2004. Neuropathic pain in leprosy patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 72: 134–138.
-
24.
Greenspan JD et al. 2007. Consensus working group of the sex, gender, and pain SIG of the IASP. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain 132: S26–S45.
-
25.
Isacson D, Bingefors K, 2002. Epidemiology of analgesic use: a gender perspective. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 26: 5–15.
-
26.
Reibel F, Cambau E, Aubry A, 2015. Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy. Med Mal Infect 45: 383–393.
-
27.
Baron R et al. 2009. A cross-sectional cohort survey in 2100 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia: differences in demographic data and sensory symptoms. Pain 146: 34–40.
-
28.
Bennett MI, Smith BH, Torrance N, Lee AJ, 2006. Can pain be more or less neuropathic? Comparison of symptom assessment tools with ratings of certainty by clinicians. Pain 122: 289–294.
-
29.
Lund C et al. 2007. Histopathological and clinical findings in leprosy patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a study from Hyderabad, India. Lepr Rev 78: 369–380.
-
30.
Jardim MR et al. 2003. Criteria for diagnosis of pure neural leprosy. J Neurol 250: 806–809.
-
31.
Solomon S, Kurian N, Ramadas P, Rao PS, 1998. Incidence of nerve damage in leprosy patients treated with MDT. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 66: 451–456.
-
32.
Khambati FA, Shetty VP, Ghate SD, Capadia GD, 2009. Sensitivity and specificity of nerve palpation, monofilament testing and voluntary muscle testing in detecting peripheral nerve abnormality, using nerve conduction studies as gold standard; a study in 357 patients. Lepr Rev 80: 34–50.
-
33.
Rambukkana A, 2000. How does Mycobacterium leprae target the peripheral nervous system? Trends Microbiol 8: 23–28.
-
34.
Vital RT et al. 2012. Progression of leprosy neuropathy: a case series study. Brain Behav 2: 249–255.
-
35.
Freeman RL, 2009. Painful peripheral neuropathy: diagnosis and assessment. Continuum. Lifelong Learning in Neurology 15: 13–29.
-
36.
Haanpää M et al. 2011. NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment. Pain 152: 14–27.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 636 | 503 | 32 |
| Full Text Views | 611 | 9 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 241 | 8 | 2 |
Clinical and Neurophysiological Features of Leprosy Patients with Neuropathic Pain
Louise Mara Giesel
Louise Mara Giesel
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Izabela Jardim Rodrigues Pitta
Izabela Jardim Rodrigues Pitta
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Raquel Custódio da Silveira
Raquel Custódio da Silveira
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Lígia Rocha Andrade
Lígia Rocha Andrade
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Robson Teixeira Vital
Robson Teixeira Vital
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Department of Neurology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital/Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Department of Neurology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital/Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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José Augusto da Costa Nery
José Augusto da Costa Nery
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Mariana de Andrea Vilas Boas Hacker
Mariana de Andrea Vilas Boas Hacker
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Euzenir Nunes Sarno
Euzenir Nunes Sarno
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Marcia Maria Jardim Rodrigues
Marcia Maria Jardim Rodrigues
Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
Department of Neurology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital/Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
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Neural pain is a frequent symptom in leprosy disease. There is a paucity of data regarding neural pain diagnostics resulting in common prescriptive errors when neuritis is confused with neuropathic or mixed nociceptive–neuropathic pain. The present study identified important demographic, clinical, and neurophysiological features of 42 leprosy neuropathy patients presenting neuropathic pain (NP). During routine evaluations, patients were selected asking if they had ever experienced neural pain. Data analyses of their pain characteristics, clinical examination results, and both the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire and Hamilton Depression Scale scores were used to classify these patients. The most common word they used to describe the sensation of pain for 25 (60%) of these patients was “burning.” In the early stages of the disease and before leprosy diagnosis, 19 (45%) had already complained about NP and leprosy treatment was unable to prevent its occurrence in 15 (36%). Leprosy reactions, considered NP risk factors, occurred in 32 (76%) cases. Knowledge of typical NP characteristics could be used to develop more effective therapeutic approaches for a notoriously difficult-to-treat pain condition.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Authors’ addresses: Louise Mara Giesel, Izabela Jardim Rodrigues Pitta, Raquel Custódio da Silveira, and Lígia Rocha Andrade, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mails: louisegiesel@gmail.com, izabelap@gmail.com, raquelcustodiosilveira@yahoo.com.br, and ligiaandradee@gmail.com. Robson Teixeira Vital, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mail: rt.vital@uol.com.br. José Augusto da Costa Nery, Mariana de Andrea Vilas Boas Hacker, and Euzenir Nunes Sarno, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mails: neryjac@gmail.com, mariana.hacker@gmail.com, and euzenir@fiocruz.br. Marcia Maria Jardim Rodrigues, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mail: jardim.mm@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Rodrigues LC, Lockwood DNj, 2011. Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps. Lancet Infect Dis 11: 464–470.
-
2.
Finnerup NB et al. 2016. Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice. Pain 157: 1599–1606.
-
3.
Haanpää M, Lockwood DN, Hietaharju A, 2004. Neuropathic pain in leprosy. Lepr Rev 75: 7–18.
-
4.
Merskey H, Bogduk N, 1994. Classification of Chronic Pain, IASP Task Force on Taxonomy, 2nd edition. Seattle, WA: IASP Press.
-
5.
Garbino JA et al. 2011. Association between neuropathic pain and A-waves in leprosy patients with type 1 and 2 reactions. J Clin Neurophysiol 28: 329–332.
-
6.
Van Veen NH, Nicholls PG, Smith WC, Richardus JH, 2016. Corticosteroids for treating nerve damage in leprosy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 23: CD005491.
-
7.
Santos JG et al. 2010. Translation to Portuguese and validation of the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire. J Pain 5: 484–490.
-
8.
Hamilton M, 1960. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23: 56–62.
-
9.
Henrique-Araújo R et al. 2014. Transcultural adaptation of GRID Hamilton rating scale for depression (GRID-HAMD) to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of the impact of training upon inter-rater reliability. Innov Clin Neurosci 11: 10–18.
-
10.
Zimmerman M, Martinez JH, Young D, Chelminski I, Dalrymple K, 2013. Severity classification on the Hamilton depression rating scale. J Affect Disord 150: 384–388.
-
11.
SORRI, 2008. Monofilament Aesthesiometer: Touch Sensitivity Testing Kit, User’s manual. São Paulo, Brazil: SORRI-Bauru.
-
12.
Camargo LHS, Baccarelli R, 1997. Avaliação sensitiva na neuropatia hansênica. Duerksen F, Virmond M, eds. Cirurgia reparadora e reabilitação em hanseníase. Bauru, Brazil: Centro de estudos Dr. Reynaldo Quagliato, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, 75–83.
-
13.
Compston A, 2010. Aids to the investigation of peripheral nerve injuries. Medical Research Council: Nerve Injuries Research Committee. His Majesty’s Stationery Office: 1942; pp. 48 (iii) and 74 figures and 7 diagrams; with aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system. By Michael O’Brien for the Guarantors of Brain. Saunders Elsevier: 2010; pp. [8] 64 and 94 Figures. Brain 133: 2838–2844.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 1988. WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy, Sixth Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
15.
Delisa JA et al. 1994. Manual of Nerve Conduction Velocity and Clinical Neurophysiology. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
-
16.
Haroun OM et al. 2012. Investigation of neuropathic pain in treated leprosy patients in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Pain 153: 1620–1624.
-
17.
Ramos JM et al. 2014. Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in leprosy patients treated years ago. Pathog Glob Health 108: 186–190.
-
18.
Lasry-Levy E et al. 2011. Neuropathic pain and psychological morbidity in patients with treated leprosy: a cross-sectional prevalence study in Mumbai. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: 1–8.
-
19.
Raicher I et al. 2016. Neuropathic pain in leprosy. Clin Dermatol 34: 59–65.
-
20.
Chen S, Qu J, Chu T, 2012. Prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain in the people affected by leprosy in China. Lepr Rev 83: 195–201.
-
21.
Hietaharju A et al. 2000. Chronic neuropathic pain in treated leprosy. Lancet 23: 1080–1081.
-
22.
Saunderson PR, Bizuneh E, Leekassa R, 2008. Neuropathic pain in people treated for multibacillary leprosy more than ten years previously. Lepr Rev 79: 270–276.
-
23.
Stump PR et al. 2004. Neuropathic pain in leprosy patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 72: 134–138.
-
24.
Greenspan JD et al. 2007. Consensus working group of the sex, gender, and pain SIG of the IASP. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain 132: S26–S45.
-
25.
Isacson D, Bingefors K, 2002. Epidemiology of analgesic use: a gender perspective. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 26: 5–15.
-
26.
Reibel F, Cambau E, Aubry A, 2015. Update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of leprosy. Med Mal Infect 45: 383–393.
-
27.
Baron R et al. 2009. A cross-sectional cohort survey in 2100 patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia: differences in demographic data and sensory symptoms. Pain 146: 34–40.
-
28.
Bennett MI, Smith BH, Torrance N, Lee AJ, 2006. Can pain be more or less neuropathic? Comparison of symptom assessment tools with ratings of certainty by clinicians. Pain 122: 289–294.
-
29.
Lund C et al. 2007. Histopathological and clinical findings in leprosy patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a study from Hyderabad, India. Lepr Rev 78: 369–380.
-
30.
Jardim MR et al. 2003. Criteria for diagnosis of pure neural leprosy. J Neurol 250: 806–809.
-
31.
Solomon S, Kurian N, Ramadas P, Rao PS, 1998. Incidence of nerve damage in leprosy patients treated with MDT. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 66: 451–456.
-
32.
Khambati FA, Shetty VP, Ghate SD, Capadia GD, 2009. Sensitivity and specificity of nerve palpation, monofilament testing and voluntary muscle testing in detecting peripheral nerve abnormality, using nerve conduction studies as gold standard; a study in 357 patients. Lepr Rev 80: 34–50.
-
33.
Rambukkana A, 2000. How does Mycobacterium leprae target the peripheral nervous system? Trends Microbiol 8: 23–28.
-
34.
Vital RT et al. 2012. Progression of leprosy neuropathy: a case series study. Brain Behav 2: 249–255.
-
35.
Freeman RL, 2009. Painful peripheral neuropathy: diagnosis and assessment. Continuum. Lifelong Learning in Neurology 15: 13–29.
-
36.
Haanpää M et al. 2011. NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment. Pain 152: 14–27.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 636 | 503 | 32 |
| Full Text Views | 611 | 9 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 241 | 8 | 2 |