Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Taenia solium Cysticercosis Antigen Glutathione-S-Transferase–rT24H in Malian Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Delynn M. Moss Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Sukwan Handali Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Anna N. Chard Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Victoria Trinies Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Stevan Bullard Division Of Toxicology And Human Health Sciences, Geospatial Research, Analysis And Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Ryan E. Wiegand Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Seydou Doumbia Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali

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Matthew C. Freeman Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Patrick J. Lammie Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;

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Blood samples from 805 students attending 42 elementary schools in Mopti, Sikasso, and Koulikoro regions, and Bamako district in Mali participated in a school water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G responses to several antigens/pathogens were assessed by a multiplex bead assay (MBA), and the recombinant Taenia solium T24H antigen was included. Of all students tested, 8.0% were positive to rT24H, but in some schools 25–30%. A cluster of 12 widespread school locations showed not only a relative risk of 3.23 for T. solium exposure and significantly higher IgG responses (P < 0.001) but also significantly lower elevation (P = 0.04) (m, above sea level) compared with schools outside the cluster. All schools at elevations < 425 m showed significantly higher IgG responses (P = 0.017) than schools at elevations ≥ 425 m. The MBA is an excellent serological platform that provides cost-effective opportunities to expand testing in serosurveys.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Delynn M. Moss, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: dmm3@cdc.gov or Sukwan Handali, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, E-mail: ahi0@cdc.gov.

Financial support: Funding for this study was provided by Dubai Cares Foundation (DCF), and DCF had no involvement in the study design, sample collection, analysis, or interpretation of the data.

Authors’ addresses: Delynn M. Moss, Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: dmm3@cdc.gov. Sukwan Handali, Ryan E. Wiegand, and Patrick J. Lammie, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: ahi0@cdc.gov, fwk2@cdc.gov, and pjl1@cdc.gov. Anna N. Chard, Victoria Trinies, and Matthew C. Freeman, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: achard@emory.edu, vtrinies@gmail.com, and mcfreem@emory.edu. Stevan Bullard, Geospatial Research, Analysis and Services Program, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: asz3@cdc.gov. Seydou Doumbia, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, E-mail: sdoumbi@icermali.org.

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