Davidson RK, Romig T, Jenkins E, Tryland M, Robertson LJ, 2012. The impact of globalisation on the Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends Paristol 28: 239–247.
Wilson JF, Rausch RL, 1980. Alveolar hydatid disease. A review of clinical features of 33 indigenous cases of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Alaskan Eskimos. Am J Trop Med Hyg 29: 1340–1355.
Czermak BV, Akhan O, Hiemetzberger R, Zelger B, Vogel W, Jaschke W, Rieger M, Kim SY, Lim JH, 2008. Echinococcosis of the liver. Abdom Imaging 33: 133–143.
McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB, 2003. Echinococcosis. Lancet 362: 1295–1304.
Luder PJ, Robotti G, Meister FP, Bircher J, 1985. High oral doses of mebendazole interfere with growth of larval Echinococcus multilocularis lesions. J Hepatol 1: 369–377.
Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton DA, 2005. Echinococcoses. Rev Prat 51: 2091–2098.
Torgerson PR, Schweiger A, Deplazes P, Pohar M, Reichen J, Ammann RW, Tarr PE, Halkik N, Mullhaupt B, 2008. Alveolar echinococcosis: from a deadly disease to a well-controlled infection. Relative survival and economic analysis in Switzerland over the last 35 years. J Hepatol 49: 72–77.
WHO, 2001. WHO/OIE Manual on echinococcosis in Humans and Animals a Public Health Problem of Global Concern. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health and World Health Organisation.
Bresson-Hadni S, Koch S, Miguet JP, Gillet M, Mantion GA, Heyd B, Vuitton DA, 2003. European group of clinicians. Indications and results of liver transplantation for Echinococcus alveolar infection: an overview. Langenbecks Arch Surg 388: 231–238.
Bostanci O, Kartal K, Yazici P, Karabay O, Battal M, Mihmanli M, 2016. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for hydatid disease of the liver. Ann Ital Chir 87: 87–92.
Bresson-Hadni S et al. 1999. Primary disease recurrence after liver transplantation for alveolar echinococcosis: long-term evaluation in 15 patients. Hepatology 30: 857–864.
Mosimann F, 1980. Is alveolar hydatid disease of the liver incurable? Ann Surg 192: 118–123.
Wilson JF, Rausch RL, McMahon BJ, Schantz PM, 1992. Parasiticidal effect of chemotherapy in alveolar hydatid disease. Review of experience with mebendazole and albendazole in Alaskan Eskimos. Clin Infect Dis 15: 234–249.
Buttenschoen K, Carli Buttenschoen D, Gruener B, Kern P, Beger HG, Henne-Bruns D, Reuter S, 2009. Long-term experience on surgical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 394: 689–698.
Bresson-Hadni S, Delabrousse E, Blagosklonov O, Bartholomot B, Koch S, Miguet JP, André Mantion G, Angèle Vuitton D, 2006. Imaging aspects and non-surgical interventional treatment in human alveolar echinococcosis. Parasitol Int 55: S267–S272.
Günther RW, Schild H, Thelen M, 1988. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: experience with 311 procedures. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 11: 65–71.
Kadry Z, Renner EC, Bachmann LM, Attigah N, Renner EL, Ammann RW, Clavien PA, 2005. Evaluation of treatment and long-term follow-up in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Br J Surg 92: 1110–1116.
Ishizu H, Uchino J, Sato N, Aoki S, Suzuki K, Kuribayashi H, 1997. Effect of albendazole on recurrent and residual alveolar echinococcosis of the liver after surgery. Hepatology 25: 528–531.
Bresson-Hadni S et al. 2000. A twenty-year history of alveolar echinococcosis: analysis of a series of 117 patients from eastern France. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12: 327–336.
Wilson JF, Rausch RL, Wilson FR, 1995. Alveolar hydatid disease. Review of the surgical experience in 42 cases of active disease among Alaskan Eskimos. Ann Surg 221: 315–323.
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA; Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE, 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
Maddah GH, Abdollahi A, Sharifi-Nooghabi R, Tavassoli A, Rajabi-Mashadi MT, Jabbari-Nooghabi A, Jabbari-Nooghabi M, 2016. Difficulties in the diagnosis and management of alveolar hydatid disease: a case series. Caspian J Intern Med 7: 52–56.
Ammann RW, Eckert J, 1996. Cestodes. Echinococcus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 25: 655–689.
Kantarci M, Bayraktutan U, Karabulut N, Aydinli B, Ogul H, Yuce I, Calik M, Eren S, Atamanalp SS, Oto A, 2012. Alveolar echinococcosis: spectrum of findings on cross-sectional imaging. Radiographics 32: 2053–2070.
Tamarozzi F, Vuitton L, Brunetti E, Vuitton DA, Koch S, 2014. Non-surgical and non-chemical attempts to treat echinococcus: do they work? Parasite 21: 75.
Bulakci M, Ilhan M, Bademler S, Yilmaz E, Gulluoglu M, Bayraktar A, Asik M, Guloglu R, 2016. Efficacy of ultrasound guided core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a retrospective analysis. Parasite 23: 19.
Jain D, 2002. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: fine needle aspiration cytology or needle core biopsy. J Clin Gastroenterol 35 (Suppl 2): S101–S108.
Frei P, Misselwitz B, Prakash MK, Schoepfer AM, Prinz Vavricka BM, Müllhaupt B, Fried M, Lehmann K, Ammann RW, Vavricka SR, 2014. Late biliary complications in human alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high mortality. World J Gastroenterol 20: 5881–5888.
Graeter T, Ehing F, Oeztuerk S, Mason RA, Haenle MM, Kratzer W, Seufferlein T, Gruener B, 2015. Hepatobiliary complications of alveolar echinococcosis: a long-term follow-up study. World J Gastroenterol 21: 4925–4932.
Bret PM, Paliard P, Partensky C, Bretagnolle M, Blanchut P, 1984. Treatment of cholestasis caused by stenosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts in alveolar echinococcosis. Trial of biliary drainage by the percutaneous transhepatic approach. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 8: 308–313.
Koroglu M, Akhan O, Gelen MT, Koroglu BK, Yildiz H, Kerman G, Oyar O, 2006. Complete resolution of an alveolar echinococcosis liver lesion following percutaneous treatment. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 29: 473–478.
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Alveolar echinococcus (AE) is an infestation by Echinococcus multilocularis. Partial hepatectomy or liver transplantation is the first choice of treatment. However, the disease is usually diagnosed at an unresectable stage. In those cases, invasion of the bile ducts and vessels, and necrosis in the center of the lesion lead to severe complications, such as cholangitis and liver abscesses. Palliative surgery has been reported to not offer advantages in management, and percutaneous and endoscopic interventions have become more prominent in management. In this case series, outcomes in three cases with unresectable AE were reported. In one of the cases, interventional procedures were used to manage the complications after surgery. In the second case, the cystic component was aspirated to decrease the size before the surgery and in the third case, it was used to drain biliary tree and no surgery was done.
Authors’ addresses: Merve Gulbiz Dagoglu-Kartal, Department of Radiology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, E-mail: drmgkartal@gmail.com. Turkmen Ciftci, Devrim Akinci, and Okan Akhan, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, E-mails: turkmenciftci@yahoo.com, akincid@hotmail.com , and oakhan@hacettepe.edu.tr. Cigdem Ozer, Numune Training and Research Hospital Radiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey, E-mail: ozercigdem@gmail.com.
Davidson RK, Romig T, Jenkins E, Tryland M, Robertson LJ, 2012. The impact of globalisation on the Echinococcus multilocularis. Trends Paristol 28: 239–247.
Wilson JF, Rausch RL, 1980. Alveolar hydatid disease. A review of clinical features of 33 indigenous cases of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Alaskan Eskimos. Am J Trop Med Hyg 29: 1340–1355.
Czermak BV, Akhan O, Hiemetzberger R, Zelger B, Vogel W, Jaschke W, Rieger M, Kim SY, Lim JH, 2008. Echinococcosis of the liver. Abdom Imaging 33: 133–143.
McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB, 2003. Echinococcosis. Lancet 362: 1295–1304.
Luder PJ, Robotti G, Meister FP, Bircher J, 1985. High oral doses of mebendazole interfere with growth of larval Echinococcus multilocularis lesions. J Hepatol 1: 369–377.
Bresson-Hadni S, Vuitton DA, 2005. Echinococcoses. Rev Prat 51: 2091–2098.
Torgerson PR, Schweiger A, Deplazes P, Pohar M, Reichen J, Ammann RW, Tarr PE, Halkik N, Mullhaupt B, 2008. Alveolar echinococcosis: from a deadly disease to a well-controlled infection. Relative survival and economic analysis in Switzerland over the last 35 years. J Hepatol 49: 72–77.
WHO, 2001. WHO/OIE Manual on echinococcosis in Humans and Animals a Public Health Problem of Global Concern. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health and World Health Organisation.
Bresson-Hadni S, Koch S, Miguet JP, Gillet M, Mantion GA, Heyd B, Vuitton DA, 2003. European group of clinicians. Indications and results of liver transplantation for Echinococcus alveolar infection: an overview. Langenbecks Arch Surg 388: 231–238.
Bostanci O, Kartal K, Yazici P, Karabay O, Battal M, Mihmanli M, 2016. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for hydatid disease of the liver. Ann Ital Chir 87: 87–92.
Bresson-Hadni S et al. 1999. Primary disease recurrence after liver transplantation for alveolar echinococcosis: long-term evaluation in 15 patients. Hepatology 30: 857–864.
Mosimann F, 1980. Is alveolar hydatid disease of the liver incurable? Ann Surg 192: 118–123.
Wilson JF, Rausch RL, McMahon BJ, Schantz PM, 1992. Parasiticidal effect of chemotherapy in alveolar hydatid disease. Review of experience with mebendazole and albendazole in Alaskan Eskimos. Clin Infect Dis 15: 234–249.
Buttenschoen K, Carli Buttenschoen D, Gruener B, Kern P, Beger HG, Henne-Bruns D, Reuter S, 2009. Long-term experience on surgical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 394: 689–698.
Bresson-Hadni S, Delabrousse E, Blagosklonov O, Bartholomot B, Koch S, Miguet JP, André Mantion G, Angèle Vuitton D, 2006. Imaging aspects and non-surgical interventional treatment in human alveolar echinococcosis. Parasitol Int 55: S267–S272.
Günther RW, Schild H, Thelen M, 1988. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: experience with 311 procedures. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 11: 65–71.
Kadry Z, Renner EC, Bachmann LM, Attigah N, Renner EL, Ammann RW, Clavien PA, 2005. Evaluation of treatment and long-term follow-up in patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Br J Surg 92: 1110–1116.
Ishizu H, Uchino J, Sato N, Aoki S, Suzuki K, Kuribayashi H, 1997. Effect of albendazole on recurrent and residual alveolar echinococcosis of the liver after surgery. Hepatology 25: 528–531.
Bresson-Hadni S et al. 2000. A twenty-year history of alveolar echinococcosis: analysis of a series of 117 patients from eastern France. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12: 327–336.
Wilson JF, Rausch RL, Wilson FR, 1995. Alveolar hydatid disease. Review of the surgical experience in 42 cases of active disease among Alaskan Eskimos. Ann Surg 221: 315–323.
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA; Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE, 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
Maddah GH, Abdollahi A, Sharifi-Nooghabi R, Tavassoli A, Rajabi-Mashadi MT, Jabbari-Nooghabi A, Jabbari-Nooghabi M, 2016. Difficulties in the diagnosis and management of alveolar hydatid disease: a case series. Caspian J Intern Med 7: 52–56.
Ammann RW, Eckert J, 1996. Cestodes. Echinococcus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 25: 655–689.
Kantarci M, Bayraktutan U, Karabulut N, Aydinli B, Ogul H, Yuce I, Calik M, Eren S, Atamanalp SS, Oto A, 2012. Alveolar echinococcosis: spectrum of findings on cross-sectional imaging. Radiographics 32: 2053–2070.
Tamarozzi F, Vuitton L, Brunetti E, Vuitton DA, Koch S, 2014. Non-surgical and non-chemical attempts to treat echinococcus: do they work? Parasite 21: 75.
Bulakci M, Ilhan M, Bademler S, Yilmaz E, Gulluoglu M, Bayraktar A, Asik M, Guloglu R, 2016. Efficacy of ultrasound guided core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: a retrospective analysis. Parasite 23: 19.
Jain D, 2002. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: fine needle aspiration cytology or needle core biopsy. J Clin Gastroenterol 35 (Suppl 2): S101–S108.
Frei P, Misselwitz B, Prakash MK, Schoepfer AM, Prinz Vavricka BM, Müllhaupt B, Fried M, Lehmann K, Ammann RW, Vavricka SR, 2014. Late biliary complications in human alveolar echinococcosis are associated with high mortality. World J Gastroenterol 20: 5881–5888.
Graeter T, Ehing F, Oeztuerk S, Mason RA, Haenle MM, Kratzer W, Seufferlein T, Gruener B, 2015. Hepatobiliary complications of alveolar echinococcosis: a long-term follow-up study. World J Gastroenterol 21: 4925–4932.
Bret PM, Paliard P, Partensky C, Bretagnolle M, Blanchut P, 1984. Treatment of cholestasis caused by stenosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts in alveolar echinococcosis. Trial of biliary drainage by the percutaneous transhepatic approach. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 8: 308–313.
Koroglu M, Akhan O, Gelen MT, Koroglu BK, Yildiz H, Kerman G, Oyar O, 2006. Complete resolution of an alveolar echinococcosis liver lesion following percutaneous treatment. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 29: 473–478.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 549 | 431 | 133 |
Full Text Views | 524 | 8 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 105 | 12 | 2 |