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-
1.
Aoun K, Bouratbine A, 2014. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review. Parasite 21: 14.
-
2.
Dokhan MR, Kenawy MA, Doha SA, El-Hosary SS, Shaibi T, Annajar BB, 2016. Entomological studies of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Al Rabta, north west of Libya. Acta Trop 154: 95–101.
-
3.
Ashford R, Chance M, Ebert F, Schnur L, Bushwereb A, Drebi S, 1976. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Libyan Arab Republic: distribution of the disease and identity of the parasite. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 70: 401–409.
-
4.
Aoun K, Bousslimi N, Haouas N, Babba H, El-Buni A, Bouratbine A, 2006. First report of Leishmania (L.) killicki Rioux, Lanotte & Pratlong, 1986 in Libya. Parasite 13: 87–88.
-
5.
Magill AJ, Grogl M, Gasser RA Jr., Sun W, Oster CN, 1993. Visceral infection caused by Leishmania tropica in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. N Engl J Med 328: 1383–1387.
-
6.
Shehata MG, Samy AM, Doha SA, Fahmy AR, 2014. Natural and experimental evidence of viscerotropic infection caused by Leishmania tropica from North Sinai, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 44: 425–434.
-
7.
Amro A, Gashout A, Al-Dwibe H, Alam MZ, Annajar B, Hamarsheh O, Shubar H, Schönian G, 2012. First molecular epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1700.
-
8.
Belal US, Abdel-Hafeez EH, Naoi K, Norose K, 2012. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Nalut district, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: a clinico-epidemiologic study and Leishmania species identification. J Parasitol 98: 1251–1256.
-
9.
Jaouadi K, Depaquit J, Haouas N, Chaara D, Gorcii M, Chargui N, Dedet J-P, Pratlong F, Boubabous R, Babba H, 2012. Twenty-four new human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania killicki in Metlaoui, southwestern Tunisia: probable role of Phlebotomus sergenti in the transmission. Acta Trop 122: 276–283.
-
10.
Boubidi S, Benallal K, Boudrissa A, Bouiba L, Bouchareb B, Garni R, Bouratbine A, Ravel C, Dvorak V, Votypka J, 2011. Phlebotomus sergenti (Parrot, 1917) identified as Leishmania killicki host in Ghardaia, south Algeria. Microbes Infect 13: 691–696.
-
11.
Guilvard E, Rioux J-A, Gallego M, Pratlong F, Mahjour J, Martinez-Ortega E, Dereure J, Saddiki A, Martini A, 1991. Leishmania tropica au Maroc. III—rôle vecteur de Phlebotomus sergenti: a propos de 89 isolats. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 66: 96–99.
-
12.
Shehata MG, Samy AM, Doha SA, Fahmy AR, Kaldas RM, Furman BD, Villinski JT, 2009. First report of Leishmania tropica from a classical focus of L. major in North-Sinai, Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 213–218.
-
13.
Croset H, Rioux J, Maistre M, Bayar N, 1978. The phlebotomines of Tunisia (Diptera-Phlebotominae). A revision of the systematics, distribution and behaviour (author’s transl). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 53: 711–749.
-
14.
Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, Schweynoch C, Schallig HD, Presber W, Jaffe CL, 2003. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47: 349–358.
-
15.
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ, 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215: 403–410.
-
16.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
17.
Annajar BB, 1999. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya. PhD Thesis, Keele University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 189.
-
18.
Samy AM, Annajar BB, Dokhan MR, Boussaa S, Peterson AT, 2016. Coarse-resolution ecology of etiological agent, vector, and reservoirs of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004381.
-
19.
Ashford R, Schnur L, Chance M, Samaan S, Ahmed H, 1977. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Libyan Arab Republic: preliminary ecological findings. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 71: 265–271.
-
20.
Jaouadi K, Bettaieb J, Bennour A, Salem S, Rjeibi MR, Chaabane S, Yazidi R, Khabouchi N, Gharbi A, Salah AB, 2017. First report on natural infection of Phlebotomus sergenti with Leishmania tropica in a classical focus of Leishmania major in Tunisia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 97: 291–294.
-
21.
Jacobson RL, 2003. Leishmania tropica (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)—a perplexing parasite. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 50: 241–250.
-
22.
Echchakery M, Chicharro C, Boussaa S, Nieto J, Carrillo E, Sheila O, Moreno J, Boumezzough A, 2017. Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica in rodent species from endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis areas in Morocco. Parasit Vectors 10: 454.
-
23.
Jaouadi K, Haouas N, Chaara D, Gorcii M, Chargui N, Augot D, Pratlong F, Dedet J-P, Ettlijani S, Mezhoud H, 2011. First detection of Leishmania killicki (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) in Ctenodactylus gundi (Rodentia, Ctenodactylidae), a possible reservoir of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia. Parasit Vectors 4: 159.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1681 | 1610 | 698 |
| Full Text Views | 844 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 131 | 9 | 0 |
Natural Infection of Phlebotomus sergenti by Leishmania tropica in Libya
Mostafa Ramadhan Dokhan
Mostafa Ramadhan Dokhan
Libyan National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya;
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Sabratha, Sabratha, Libya;
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Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Sabratha, Sabratha, Libya;
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Kaouther Jaouadi
Kaouther Jaouadi
Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
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Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
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Sadok Salem
Sadok Salem
Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
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Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
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Osama Zenbil
Osama Zenbil
Libyan National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya;
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Jean Paul Gonzalez
Jean Paul Gonzalez
Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Disease, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas;
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Afif Ben Salah
Afif Ben Salah
Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia;
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Bahrain;
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Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia;
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia;
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Bahrain;
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Badreddin Bashir Annajar
Badreddin Bashir Annajar
Libyan National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya;
Public Health Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Public Health Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health concern caused by Leishmania (L.) major and L. tropica in Libya. Information on sandfly vectors, as well as their associated Leishmania species, is of paramount importance because vector dispersion is one of the major factors responsible for pathogen dissemination. A number of 515 sandflies (275 males and 240 females) were collected during June–November 2012 using the Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps from Al Rabta, northwest of Libya. Two hundred and forty unfed females were identified; Phlebotomus (Ph.) papatasi (N = 97), Ph. sergenti (N = 27), Ph. longicuspis (N = 32), Sergentomyia (Se.) minuta (N = 38), and Se. fallax (N = 46). These flies were screened for Leishmania DNA using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and sequencing. Two Ph. sergenti were found positive to L. tropica DNA. This finding should be considered for any further vector surveillance and epidemiological studies of CL in endemic areas across Libya.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study is supported by the Libyan National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya, and the Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia.
Authors’ addresses: Mostafa Ramadhan Dokhan, Libyan National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya, and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Sabratha, Sabratha, Libya, E-mail: mustsun@yahoo.com. Kaouther Jaouadi and Sadok Salem, Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, and Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, E-mails: kaouther.jaouadi@pasteur.tn and sadok-salem@live.fr. Osama Zenbil, Libyan National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya, E-mail: oys2016.ly@gmail.com. Jean Paul Gonzalez, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Disease, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, E-mail: jpgonzalez2808@gmail.com. Afif Ben Salah, Laboratory of Medical Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LR11IPT02), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia, and Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Bahrain, E-mail: afif.bensalah@pasteur.tn. Badreddin Bashir Annajar, Libyan National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tripoli, Libya, and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, E-mail: bbannajar@yahoo.com.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Aoun K, Bouratbine A, 2014. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa: a review. Parasite 21: 14.
-
2.
Dokhan MR, Kenawy MA, Doha SA, El-Hosary SS, Shaibi T, Annajar BB, 2016. Entomological studies of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Al Rabta, north west of Libya. Acta Trop 154: 95–101.
-
3.
Ashford R, Chance M, Ebert F, Schnur L, Bushwereb A, Drebi S, 1976. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Libyan Arab Republic: distribution of the disease and identity of the parasite. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 70: 401–409.
-
4.
Aoun K, Bousslimi N, Haouas N, Babba H, El-Buni A, Bouratbine A, 2006. First report of Leishmania (L.) killicki Rioux, Lanotte & Pratlong, 1986 in Libya. Parasite 13: 87–88.
-
5.
Magill AJ, Grogl M, Gasser RA Jr., Sun W, Oster CN, 1993. Visceral infection caused by Leishmania tropica in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. N Engl J Med 328: 1383–1387.
-
6.
Shehata MG, Samy AM, Doha SA, Fahmy AR, 2014. Natural and experimental evidence of viscerotropic infection caused by Leishmania tropica from North Sinai, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 44: 425–434.
-
7.
Amro A, Gashout A, Al-Dwibe H, Alam MZ, Annajar B, Hamarsheh O, Shubar H, Schönian G, 2012. First molecular epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1700.
-
8.
Belal US, Abdel-Hafeez EH, Naoi K, Norose K, 2012. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Nalut district, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: a clinico-epidemiologic study and Leishmania species identification. J Parasitol 98: 1251–1256.
-
9.
Jaouadi K, Depaquit J, Haouas N, Chaara D, Gorcii M, Chargui N, Dedet J-P, Pratlong F, Boubabous R, Babba H, 2012. Twenty-four new human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania killicki in Metlaoui, southwestern Tunisia: probable role of Phlebotomus sergenti in the transmission. Acta Trop 122: 276–283.
-
10.
Boubidi S, Benallal K, Boudrissa A, Bouiba L, Bouchareb B, Garni R, Bouratbine A, Ravel C, Dvorak V, Votypka J, 2011. Phlebotomus sergenti (Parrot, 1917) identified as Leishmania killicki host in Ghardaia, south Algeria. Microbes Infect 13: 691–696.
-
11.
Guilvard E, Rioux J-A, Gallego M, Pratlong F, Mahjour J, Martinez-Ortega E, Dereure J, Saddiki A, Martini A, 1991. Leishmania tropica au Maroc. III—rôle vecteur de Phlebotomus sergenti: a propos de 89 isolats. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 66: 96–99.
-
12.
Shehata MG, Samy AM, Doha SA, Fahmy AR, Kaldas RM, Furman BD, Villinski JT, 2009. First report of Leishmania tropica from a classical focus of L. major in North-Sinai, Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 213–218.
-
13.
Croset H, Rioux J, Maistre M, Bayar N, 1978. The phlebotomines of Tunisia (Diptera-Phlebotominae). A revision of the systematics, distribution and behaviour (author’s transl). Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 53: 711–749.
-
14.
Schönian G, Nasereddin A, Dinse N, Schweynoch C, Schallig HD, Presber W, Jaffe CL, 2003. PCR diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania in local and imported clinical samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 47: 349–358.
-
15.
Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ, 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215: 403–410.
-
16.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
17.
Annajar BB, 1999. Epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya. PhD Thesis, Keele University, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 189.
-
18.
Samy AM, Annajar BB, Dokhan MR, Boussaa S, Peterson AT, 2016. Coarse-resolution ecology of etiological agent, vector, and reservoirs of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004381.
-
19.
Ashford R, Schnur L, Chance M, Samaan S, Ahmed H, 1977. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Libyan Arab Republic: preliminary ecological findings. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 71: 265–271.
-
20.
Jaouadi K, Bettaieb J, Bennour A, Salem S, Rjeibi MR, Chaabane S, Yazidi R, Khabouchi N, Gharbi A, Salah AB, 2017. First report on natural infection of Phlebotomus sergenti with Leishmania tropica in a classical focus of Leishmania major in Tunisia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 97: 291–294.
-
21.
Jacobson RL, 2003. Leishmania tropica (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae)—a perplexing parasite. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 50: 241–250.
-
22.
Echchakery M, Chicharro C, Boussaa S, Nieto J, Carrillo E, Sheila O, Moreno J, Boumezzough A, 2017. Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica in rodent species from endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis areas in Morocco. Parasit Vectors 10: 454.
-
23.
Jaouadi K, Haouas N, Chaara D, Gorcii M, Chargui N, Augot D, Pratlong F, Dedet J-P, Ettlijani S, Mezhoud H, 2011. First detection of Leishmania killicki (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) in Ctenodactylus gundi (Rodentia, Ctenodactylidae), a possible reservoir of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia. Parasit Vectors 4: 159.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1681 | 1610 | 698 |
| Full Text Views | 844 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 131 | 9 | 0 |