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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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Molecular Detection of Anaplasma, Bartonella, and Borrelia theileri in Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Korea
Jun-Gu Kang
Jun-Gu Kang
Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
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Jeong-Byoung Chae
Jeong-Byoung Chae
Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
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Yoon-Kyoung Cho
Yoon-Kyoung Cho
Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
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Young-Sun Jo
Young-Sun Jo
Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
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Nam-Shik Shin
Nam-Shik Shin
Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
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Hang Lee
Hang Lee
College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
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Kyoung-Seong Choi
Kyoung-Seong Choi
College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea;
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Do-Hyeon Yu
Do-Hyeon Yu
Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea;
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Jinho Park
Jinho Park
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea;
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Bae-Keun Park
Bae-Keun Park
Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Joon-Seok Chae
Joon-Seok Chae
Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Research Institute BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;
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Anaplasmosis, cat-scratch disease, and Lyme disease are emerging vector-borne infectious diseases in Korea. Although the prevalence of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in domestic animals and vector arthropods has been documented, there is limited information on the presence of VBPs in wild animals. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), a wild canid found in East Asia and Europe, represents a potential wildlife reservoir for zoonotic diseases. To investigate the prevalence of VBPs in raccoon dogs, 142 carcasses and 51 blood samples from captured raccoon dogs were collected from 2003 to 2010 and from 2008 to 2009, respectively, in Korea. In addition, 105 Haemaphysalis flava (14 larvae, 43 nymphs, 32 males, and 16 females) and nine Haemaphysalis longicornis (all female) were collected from three raccoon dogs. Samples of the spleen and blood were tested for the presence of VBPs by using nested polymerase chain reaction. Among the samples collected from 193 raccoon dogs and 114 ticks, two samples were positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, four for Anaplasma bovis, two for Borrelia theileri, and two for Bartonella henselae. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest survey of raccoon dogs aimed at the analysis of VBPs in this species. Moreover, the present study represents the first identification of A. phagocytophilum, B. henselae, and B. theileri in raccoon dogs in their native habitat (East Asia).
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (project number PJ010092),” Rural Development Administration, the Republic of Korea, and a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2014R1A1A2056207).
Authors’ addresses: Jun-Gu Kang, Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, E-mail: herculess@snu.ac.kr. Jeong-Byoung Chae, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Young-Sun Jo, and Joon-Seok Chae, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, E-mails: jbchae117@gmail.com, hmhm0410@naver.com, joy85@snu.ac.kr, and jschae@snu.ac.kr. Nam-Shik Shin, Laboratory of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, E-mail: nsshin@snu.ac.kr. Hang Lee, Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, E-mail: hanglee@snu.ac.kr. Kyoung-Seong Choi, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, E-mail: kschoi3@knu.ac.kr. Do-Hyeon Yu, Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, E-mail: yudh@gnu.ac.kr. Jinho Park, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, E-mail: jpark@jbnu.ac.kr. Bae-Keun Park, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea, E-mail: bkpark@cnu.ac.kr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ward OG, Wurster-Hill DH, 1990. Mammalian Species: Nyctereutes procyonoides. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
-
2.
Hyun BH, Lee KK, Kim IJ, Lee KW, Park HJ, Lee OS, An SH, Lee JB, 2005. Molecular epidemiology of rabies virus isolates from South Korea. Virus Res 114: 113–125.
-
3.
Oh SY, Kim SA, Kim JY, Yoo HS, Lee KK, Shin NS, 2012. Detection of antibodies against the rabies virus in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). J Zoo Wildl Med 43: 174–176.
-
4.
Härtwig V, von Loewenich FD, Schulze C, Straubinger RK, Daugschies A, Dyachenko V, 2014. Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Brandenburg, Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 5: 277–280.
-
5.
Wodecka B, Michalik J, Lane RS, Nowak-Chmura M, Wierzbicka A, 2016. Differential associations of Borrelia species with European badgers (Meles meles) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in western Poland. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 7: 1010–1016.
-
6.
Han YJ, Park JH, Lee YS, Chae JS, Yu DH, Park BK, Kim HC, Choi KS, 2017. Molecular identification of selected tick-borne pathogens in wild deer and raccoon dogs from the Republic of Korea. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep 7: 25–31.
-
7.
Sato S, Kabeya H, Miura T, Suzuki K, Bai Y, Kosoy M, Sentsui H, Kariwa H, Maruyama S, 2012. Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella species from wild carnivores of the suborder Caniformia in Japan. Vet Microbiol 161: 130–136.
-
8.
Chen SM, Dumler JS, Bakken JS, Walker DH, 1994. Identification of a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species as the etiologic agent of human disease. J Clin Microbiol 32: 589–595.
-
9.
Kim CM et al. 2006. Tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in Korea. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 5766–5776.
-
10.
Oh JY, Moon BC, Bae BK, Shin EH, Ko YH, Kim YJ, Park YH, Chae JS, 2009. Genetic identification and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from Jeju Island, Korea. J Bacteriol Virol 39: 1–11.
-
11.
Dugat T, Lagrée AC, Maillard R, Boulouis HJ, Haddad N, 2015. Opening the black box of Anaplasma phagocytophilum diversity: current situation and future perspectives. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 5: 61.
-
12.
Kang JG, Ko S, Kim YJ, Yang HJ, Lee H, Shin NS, Choi KS, Chae JS, 2011. New genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 929–938.
-
13.
Kang JG, Kim HC, Choi CY, Nam HY, Chae HY, Chong ST, Klein TA, Ko S, Chae JS, 2013. Molecular detection of Anaplasma, Bartonella, and Borrelia species in ticks collected from migratory birds from Hong-do Island, Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 215–225.
-
14.
Seong G, Han YJ, Chae JB, Chae JS, Yu DH, Lee YS, Park J, Park BK, Yoo JG, Choi KS, 2015. Detection of Anaplasma sp. in Korean native goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) on Jeju Island, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 53: 765–769.
-
15.
Lee SH, VanBik D, Kim NH, Park SJ, Kwon OD, Kim TH, Kwak D, 2016. First molecular detection and genetic analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in shelter cats in Seoul, Korea. Infect Genet Evol 46: 71–73.
-
16.
Lee S, Lee SH, VanBik D, Kim NH, Kim KT, Goo YK, Rhee MH, Kwon OD, Kwak D, 2016. First molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in shelter dogs in Seoul, Korea. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 7: 945–950.
-
17.
Kim KH, Yi J, Oh WS, Kim NH, Choi SJ, Choe PG, Kim NJ, Lee JK, Oh MD, 2014. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, South Korea, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 20: 1708–1711.
-
18.
Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Maruyama S, Breitschwerdt EB, 2006. Bartonella spp. in pets and effect on human health. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 389–394.
-
19.
Kang JG, Ko S, Smith WB, Kim HC, Lee IY, Chae JS, 2016. Prevalence of Anaplasma, Bartonella and Borrelia species in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from goats in North Korea. J Vet Sci 17: 207–216.
-
20.
Kang JG et al. 2016. Prevalence of Anaplasma and Bartonella spp. in ticks collected from Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Korean J Parasitol 54: 87–91.
-
21.
Kim YS, Seo KW, Lee JH, Choi EW, Lee HW, Hwang CY, Shin NS, Youn HJ, Youn HY, 2009. Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae in cats and dogs in Korea. J Vet Sci 10: 85–87.
-
22.
Ko S, Kim SJ, Kang JG, Won S, Lee H, Shin NS, Choi KS, Youn HY, Chae JS, 2013. Molecular detection of Bartonella grahamii and B. schoenbuchensis-related species in Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 415–418.
-
23.
Kang JG, Won S, Kim HW, Kim BJ, Park BK, Park TS, Seo HY, Chae JS, 2016. Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. in terrestrial leeches (Haemadipsa rjukjuana) feeding on human and animal blood in Gageo-do, Republic of Korea. Parasit Vectors 9: 326.
-
24.
Cotté V, Bonnet S, Le Rhun D, Le Naour E, Chauvin A, Boulouis HJ, Lecuelle B, Lilin T, Vayssier-Taussat M, 2008. Transmission of Bartonella henselae by Ixodes ricinus. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1074–1080.
-
25.
Im JH, Baek JH, Lee HJ, Lee JS, Chung MH, Kim M, Lee SM, Kang JS, 2013. First case of Bartonella henselae bacteremia in Korea. Infect Chemother 45: 446–450.
-
26.
Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Grunwaldt E, Davis JP, 1982. Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science 216: 1317–1319.
-
27.
Margos G, Vollmer SA, Ogden NH, Fish D, 2011. Population genetics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Infect Genet Evol 11: 1545–1563.
-
28.
Elbir H, FotsoFotso A, Diatta G, Trape JF, Arnathau C, Renaud F, Durand P, 2015. Ubiquitous bacteria Borrelia crocidurae in western African ticks Ornithodoros sonrai. Parasit Vectors 8: 477.
-
29.
Barbour AG, Maupin GO, Teltow GJ, Carter CJ, Piesman J, 1996. Identification of an uncultivable Borrelia species in the hard tick Amblyomma americanum: possible agent of a Lyme disease-like illness. J Infect Dis 173: 403–409.
-
30.
Fukunaga M, Takahashi Y, Tsuruta Y, Matsushita O, Ralph D, McClelland M, Nakao M, 1995. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of Borrelia miyamotoi sp. nov., isolated from the ixodid tick Ixodes persulcatus, the vector for Lyme disease in Japan. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 804–810.
-
31.
Theiler A, 1904. Spirillosis of cattle. J Comp Pathol Ther 17: 47–55.
-
32.
Park KH, Lee SH, Won WJ, Jang WJ, Chang WH, 1992. Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, from Ixodes ticks in Korea. J Korean Soc Microbiol 27: 307–312.
-
33.
Jung BY, Gebeyehu EB, Seo MG, Byun JW, Kim HY, Kwak D, 2012. Prevalence of vector-borne diseases in shelter dogs in Korea. Vet Rec 171: 249.
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