Meta-Analyses of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection, Dissemination, and Transmission Rates in Vectors

Ana R. S. Oliveira Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas;

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Lee W. Cohnstaedt USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research, Manhattan, Kansas;

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Erin Strathe Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas;

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Luciana Etcheverry Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas;

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D. Scott McVey USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research, Manhattan, Kansas;

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José Piaggio School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay

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Natalia Cernicchiaro Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas;

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The objective of this work was to summarize and quantify Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, dissemination, and transmission rates in mosquitoes, using a meta-analysis approach. Data were obtained from experimental studies, gathered by means of a systematic review of the literature. Random-effects subgroup meta-analysis models by mosquito species were fitted to estimate pooled estimates and to calculate the variance between studies for three outcomes of interest: JEV infection, dissemination, and transmission rates in mosquitoes. To identify sources of heterogeneity among studies and to assess the association between different predictors (mosquito species, virus administration route, incubation period, and diagnostic method) with the outcome JEV infection rate in vectors, we fitted univariable meta-regression models. Mosquito species and administration route represented the main sources of heterogeneity associated with JEV infection rate in vectors. This study provided summary effect size estimates to be used as reference for other investigators when assessing transmission efficiency of vectors and explored sources of variability for JEV infection rates in vectors. Because transmission efficiency, as part of vector competence assessment, is an important parameter when studying the relative contribution of vectors to JEV transmission, our findings contribute to further our knowledge, potentially moving us toward more informed and targeted actions to prevent and control JEV in both affected and susceptible regions worldwide.

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Author Notes

Address correspondence to Natalia Cernicchiaro, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Coles Hall 332, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506. E-mail: ncernic@vet.k-state.edu

Financial support: This research project was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Project No: 5430-32000-008-05S.

Authors’ addresses: Ana R. S. Oliveira, Luciana Etcheverry, and Natalia Cernicchiaro, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, E-mail: anarutesoliveira@gmail.com, l.etcheverry.h@gmail.com, and ncernic@vet.k-state.edu. Lee W. Cohnstaedt and D. Scott McVey, USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research, Manhattan, KS, E-mail: lee.cohnstaedt@ars.usda.gov and scott.mcvey@ars.usda.gov. Erin Strathe, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, E-mail: estrathe@vet.k-state.edu. José Piaggio, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay, E-mail: jpiaggio@fvet.edu.uy.

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