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-
1.
Mlakar J et al. 2016. Zika virus associated with microcephaly. N Engl J Med 374: 951–958.
-
2.
Petersen EE, Staples JE, Meaney-Delman D, Fischer M, Ellington SR, Callaghan WM, Jamieson DJ, 2016. Interim guidelines for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak—United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 30–33.
-
3.
Thu HM, Lowry K, Myint TT, Shwe TN, Han AM, Khin KK, Thant KZ, Thein S, Aaskov J, 2004. Myanmar dengue outbreak associated with displacement of serotypes 2, 3, and 4 by dengue 1. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 593–597.
-
4.
WHO, 2008. Myanmar Joint Plan of Action Scaling Up Dengue Prevention and Control. Available at: http://www.who.int/hac/crises/mmr/myanmar_joint_plan_of_action_dengue_2008.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2008.
-
5.
WHO, 2016. First Case of Zika Virus Infection Detected in Myanmar; Mosquito Control Measures Must Be at the Forefront of the Fight Against Vector-Borne Diseases. Available at: http://www.searo.who.int/myanmar/areas/zika_firstcaseinmyanmar/en/. Accessed October 28, 2016.
-
6.
Ngwe Tun MM et al. 2013. Serological characterization of dengue virus infections observed among dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome cases in upper Myanmar. J Med Virol 85: 1258–1266.
-
7.
Inoue S et al. 2010. Evaluation of a dengue IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a Japanese encephalitis IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of secondary dengue virus infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 143–150.
-
8.
Moi ML et al. 2017. Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Vietnam. Lancet Infect Dis 17: 805–806.
-
9.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Johnson AJ, Stanfield SM, Duffy MR, 2008. Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1232–1239.
-
10.
Wilson HL, Tran T, Druce J, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Catton M, 2017. Neutralization assay for Zika and dengue viruses by use of real-time-PCR-based endpoint assessment. J Clin Microbiol 55: 3104–3112.
-
11.
Grard G, Caron M, Mombo IM, Nkoghe D, Mboui Ondo S, Jiolle D, Fontenille D, Paupy C, Leroy EM, 2014. Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa)—2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2681.
-
12.
WHO, 2016. Zika Definition. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/case-definition/en/. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
13.
Duffy MR et al. 2009. Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia. N Engl J Med 360: 2536–2543.
-
14.
Monath TP, Nystrom RR, Bailey RE, Calisher CH, Muth DJ, 1984. Immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis. J Clin Microbiol 20: 784–790.
-
15.
Ruckert C, Weger-Lucarelli J, Garcia-Luna SM, Young MC, Byas AD, Murrieta RA, Fauver JR, Ebel GD, 2017. Impact of simultaneous exposure to arboviruses on infection and transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Nat Commun 8: 15412.
-
16.
Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, O’Connor O, Calvez E, Daures M, John M, Grangeon JP, Gourinat AC, 2015. Co-infection with Zika and dengue viruses in 2 patients, New Caledonia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 381–382.
-
17.
Ngwe Tun MM et al. 2017. Dengue associated acute encephalitis syndrome cases in Son La Province, Vietnam in 2014. Jpn J Infect Dis 70: 357–361.
-
18.
de Araujo TVB et al. 2016. Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 1356–1363.
-
19.
Martelli CMT, Castanha P, Cortes F, Rodrigues L, Marques ET, Eder M, 2016. High levels of exposure of Zika and dengue infections detected using plaque reduction neutralization assay in Brazil. Int J Infect Dis 53: 15.
-
20.
Aubry M et al. 2017. Zika virus seroprevalence, French Polynesia, 2014–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 669–672.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1816 | 1515 | 243 |
| Full Text Views | 737 | 13 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 276 | 16 | 3 |
Detection of Zika Virus Infection in Myanmar
Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
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Aung Kyaw Kyaw
Aung Kyaw Kyaw
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar;
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Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar;
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Saw Wut Hmone
Saw Wut Hmone
Department of Pathology, University of Medicine-1, Yangon, Myanmar;
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Shingo Inoue
Shingo Inoue
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
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Corazon C. Buerano
Corazon C. Buerano
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
Research and Biotechnology Division, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
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Research and Biotechnology Division, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
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Aung Min Soe
Aung Min Soe
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar;
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Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar;
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Meng Ling Moi
Meng Ling Moi
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
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Daisuke Hayasaka
Daisuke Hayasaka
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
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Hlaing Myat Thu
Hlaing Myat Thu
Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar;
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Futoshi Hasebe
Futoshi Hasebe
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
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Kyaw Zin Thant
Kyaw Zin Thant
Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar;
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Kouichi Morita
Kouichi Morita
Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;
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Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes a dengue-like infection that has recently caught global attention. The infection, which also includes some birth defects, has been documented in the Americas, Pacific Islands, and some parts of Africa and Asia. There are no published reports on local ZIKV transmission in Myanmar. In this study, a total of 462 serum samples from patients and asymptomatic persons were collected in Myanmar from 2004 to 2017. They were analyzed for ZIKV infection by immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoglobulin G indirect ELISA, neutralization test, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and conventional PCR. Our study confirmed ZIKV infection in 4.9% of patients with clinical dengue symptoms and in 8.6% of persons who were asymptomatic. This is the first report on ZIKV infection in Myanmar and it suggests the occurrence of ZIKV infection in two geographically distinct sites in this country since at least 2006.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases; Japan–United States Cooperative Medical Science Program from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED); and Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University.
Authors’ addresses: Mya Myat Ngwe Tun, Shingo Inoue, Meng Ling Moi, Daisuke Hayasaka, Futoshi Hasebe, and Kouichi Morita, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, E-mails: myamyat@tm.nagasaki-u.ac.jp, pampanga@nagasaki-u.ac.jp, sherry@nagasaki-u.ac.jp, hayasaka@nagasaki-u.ac.jp, rainbow@nagasaki-u.ac.jp, and moritak@nagasaki-u.ac.jp. Aung Kyaw Kyaw and Aung Min Soe, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, and Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar, E-mails: akkyawdmr@gmail.com and dr.aungminnsoe@gmail.com. Saw Wut Hmone, Department of Pathology, University of Medicine-1, Yangon, Myanmar, E-mail: sawwuthmone@gmail.com. Corazon C. Buerano, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, and Research and Biotechnology Division, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines, E-mail: ccbuerano@hotmail.com. Hlaing Myat Thu and Kyaw Zin Thant, Virology Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar, E-mails: hmyatthu28@gmail.com and drkz.thant@googlemail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mlakar J et al. 2016. Zika virus associated with microcephaly. N Engl J Med 374: 951–958.
-
2.
Petersen EE, Staples JE, Meaney-Delman D, Fischer M, Ellington SR, Callaghan WM, Jamieson DJ, 2016. Interim guidelines for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak—United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 30–33.
-
3.
Thu HM, Lowry K, Myint TT, Shwe TN, Han AM, Khin KK, Thant KZ, Thein S, Aaskov J, 2004. Myanmar dengue outbreak associated with displacement of serotypes 2, 3, and 4 by dengue 1. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 593–597.
-
4.
WHO, 2008. Myanmar Joint Plan of Action Scaling Up Dengue Prevention and Control. Available at: http://www.who.int/hac/crises/mmr/myanmar_joint_plan_of_action_dengue_2008.pdf. Accessed September 1, 2008.
-
5.
WHO, 2016. First Case of Zika Virus Infection Detected in Myanmar; Mosquito Control Measures Must Be at the Forefront of the Fight Against Vector-Borne Diseases. Available at: http://www.searo.who.int/myanmar/areas/zika_firstcaseinmyanmar/en/. Accessed October 28, 2016.
-
6.
Ngwe Tun MM et al. 2013. Serological characterization of dengue virus infections observed among dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome cases in upper Myanmar. J Med Virol 85: 1258–1266.
-
7.
Inoue S et al. 2010. Evaluation of a dengue IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a Japanese encephalitis IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of secondary dengue virus infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 143–150.
-
8.
Moi ML et al. 2017. Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Vietnam. Lancet Infect Dis 17: 805–806.
-
9.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Johnson AJ, Stanfield SM, Duffy MR, 2008. Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1232–1239.
-
10.
Wilson HL, Tran T, Druce J, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Catton M, 2017. Neutralization assay for Zika and dengue viruses by use of real-time-PCR-based endpoint assessment. J Clin Microbiol 55: 3104–3112.
-
11.
Grard G, Caron M, Mombo IM, Nkoghe D, Mboui Ondo S, Jiolle D, Fontenille D, Paupy C, Leroy EM, 2014. Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa)—2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2681.
-
12.
WHO, 2016. Zika Definition. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/case-definition/en/. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
13.
Duffy MR et al. 2009. Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia. N Engl J Med 360: 2536–2543.
-
14.
Monath TP, Nystrom RR, Bailey RE, Calisher CH, Muth DJ, 1984. Immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis. J Clin Microbiol 20: 784–790.
-
15.
Ruckert C, Weger-Lucarelli J, Garcia-Luna SM, Young MC, Byas AD, Murrieta RA, Fauver JR, Ebel GD, 2017. Impact of simultaneous exposure to arboviruses on infection and transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Nat Commun 8: 15412.
-
16.
Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, O’Connor O, Calvez E, Daures M, John M, Grangeon JP, Gourinat AC, 2015. Co-infection with Zika and dengue viruses in 2 patients, New Caledonia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 381–382.
-
17.
Ngwe Tun MM et al. 2017. Dengue associated acute encephalitis syndrome cases in Son La Province, Vietnam in 2014. Jpn J Infect Dis 70: 357–361.
-
18.
de Araujo TVB et al. 2016. Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis 16: 1356–1363.
-
19.
Martelli CMT, Castanha P, Cortes F, Rodrigues L, Marques ET, Eder M, 2016. High levels of exposure of Zika and dengue infections detected using plaque reduction neutralization assay in Brazil. Int J Infect Dis 53: 15.
-
20.
Aubry M et al. 2017. Zika virus seroprevalence, French Polynesia, 2014–2015. Emerg Infect Dis 23: 669–672.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1816 | 1515 | 243 |
| Full Text Views | 737 | 13 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 276 | 16 | 3 |