Lainson R, Shaw J, 1987. The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine. Peters W, Killick-Kendrick R, ed. London: Academic Press, 1–120.
Pintado V, Martín-Rabadán P, Rivera ML, Moreno S, Bouza E, 2001. Visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected patients: a comparative study. Medicine (Baltimore) 80: 54–73.
Wolday D, Akuffo H, Demissie A, Britton S, 1999. Role of Leishmania donovani and its lipophosphoglycan in CD4+ T-cell activation-induced human immunodeficiency virus replication. Infect Immun 67: 5258–5264.
WHO, 2015. HIV/AIDS Progress in 2014. Available at: www.afrowhoint/en/ethiopia/who-country-officeethiopiahtml. Accessed November 1, 2016.
Alemayehu M, Wubshet M, Mesfin N, Gebayehu A, 2017. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and associated factors among visceral leishmaniasis infected patients in northwest Ethiopia: a facility based crosssectional study. BMC Infect Dis 17: 152.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health (MOH), 2003. National ART Guideline. Available at: http://www.etharc.org. Accessed November 1, 2016.
AIDSinfo, 2016. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Available at: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines. Accessed December 1, 2016.
Alemayehu M, Wubshet M, Mesfin N, Gebayehu A, 2017. Perceived quality of life among visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfected migrant male-workers in northwest Ethiopia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 17: 204.
Deribew A, Deribe K, Reda AA, Tesfaye M, Hailmichael Y, Maja T, Colebunders R, 2013. Change in quality of life: a follow up study among patients with HIV infection with and without TB in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 13: 408.
Jelsma J, Maclean E, Hughes J, Tinise X, Darder M, 2005. An investigation into the health related quality of life of individuals living with HIV who are receiving HAART. ADIS Care 17: 579–588.
Jia H, Uphold CR, Wu S, Chen GJ, Duncan PW, 2005. Predictors of changes in health-related quality of life among men with HIV infection in the HAART era. AIDS Patient Care STDS 19: 395–405.
Stangl A, Wamai N, Mermin J, Awor AC, Bunnell RE, 2007. Trends and predictors of quality of life among HIV-infected adults taking highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda. AIDS Care 19: 626–636.
Wubshet M, Berhane Y, Worku A, Kebede Y, 2014. Perception and predictors of quality of life among HIV patients attending art clinics in northwest ethiopia: a prospective longitudinal study. Ethiop Med J 52: 119–127.
Carrieri P, Spire B, Duran S, Katlama C, Peyramond D, François C, Chêne G, Lang JM, Moatti JP, Leport C; APROCO Study Group, 2003. Health-related quality of life after 1 year of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 32: 38–47.
Abboud S, Noureddine S, Huijer HA, DeJong J, Mokhbat J, 2010. Quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in Lebanon. AIDS Care 22: 687–696.
Deribew A, Tesfaye M, Hailmichael Y, Negussu N, Daba S, Wogi A, Belachew T, Apers L, Colebunders R, 2009. Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection: its impact on quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes 7: 105.
Mekuria L, Sprangers MA, Prins JM, Yalew AW, Nieuwkerk PT, 2015. Health-related quality of life of HIV-infected adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in Addis Ababa. AIDS Care 27: 934–945.
Vijairam S, Ross W, Unnikrishnan B, Hegde S, 2012. Association of quality of life with major depressive disorder among people with HIV in south India. AIDS Care 25: 169–172.
Rueda S, Raboud J, Mustard C, Bayoumi A, Lavis JN, Rourke SB, 2011. Employment status is associated with both physical and mental health quality of life in people living with HIV. AIDS Care 23: 435–443.
Mannheimer S, Matts J, Telzak E, Chesney M, Child C, Wu AW, Friedland G; Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, 2005. Quality of life in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy is related to adherence. AIDS Care 17: 10–22.
Mrus J, Williams PL, Tsevat J, Cohn SE, Wu AW, 2005. Gender differences in health-related quality of life in patients with HIV/AIDS. Qual Life Res 14: 479–491.
Alemayehu M, Wubshet M, Mesfin N, Tamiru A, Gebayehu A, 2017. Health-related quality of life of HIV infected adults with and without visceral leishmaniasis in northwest Ethiopia. Health Qual Life Outcomes 15: 65.
FMOH, 2013. Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health.
WHO, 1996. Manual on Visceral leishmaniasis. Report WHO/Leish/9640. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Dharmendra S, Shyam S, Tribhuban M, 2009. The rK39 strip test is non-predictor of clinical status for kala-azar. BMC Res Notes 2: 187.
WHO, 1998. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-Bref quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group. Psychol Med 28: 551–558.
Kessler R, Andrews G, Colpe LJ, Hiripi E, Mroczek DK, Normand SL, Walters EE, Zaslavsky AM, 2002. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychol Med 32: 959–976.
Nieuwkerk PT, Gisolf EH, Colebunders R, Wu AW, Danner SA, Sprangers MA, 2000. Quality of life in asymptomatic-and symptomatic HIV infected patients in a trial of ritonavir/saquinavir therapy. The Prometheus Study Group. AIDS 14: 181–187.
Carr A, Chuah J, Hudson J, French M, Hoy J, Law M, Sayer D, Emery S, Cooper DA, 2000. A randomised, open-label comparison of three highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens including two nucleoside analogues and indinavir for previously untreated HIV-1 infection: the OzCombo1 study. AIDS 14: 1171–1180.
Cohen C, Revicki DA, Nabulsi A, Sarocco PW, Jiang P, 1998. A randomized trial of the effect of ritonavir in maintaining quality of life in advanced HIV disease. Advanced HIV Disease Ritonavir Study Group. AIDS 12: 1495–1502.
Nieuwkerk PT, Gisolf EH, Reijers MH, Lange JM, Danner SA, Sprangers MA; NATIVE Study Group; PROMETHEUS Study Group; ADAM Study Group, 2001. Long-term quality of life outcomes in three antiretroviral treatment strategies for HIV-1 infection. AIDS 15: 1985–1991.
Burgoyne RW, Rourke SB, Behrens DM, Salit IE, 2004. Long-term quality-of-life outcomes among adults living with HIV in the HAART era: the interplay of changes in clinical factors and symptom profile. AIDS Behav 8: 151–163.
Burgoyne R, Renwick R, 2004. Social support and quality of life over time among adults living with HIV in the HAART era. Soc Sci Med 58: 1353–1366.
Weiser S et al. 2012. Food insecurity is associated with morbidity and patterns of healthcare utilization among HIV-infected individuals in a resource-poor setting. AIDS 26: 67–75.
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There has been a scarcity of data on the effect of health care on the quality of life (QoL) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)– and visceral leishmaniasis (VL)– coinfected patients over time. We sought to assess the change that health care brings about in the QoL of HIV patients with and without VL and its predictors in 6 months. A total of 465 HIV patients without VL and 125 HIV–VL-coinfected patients were enrolled in the longitudinal follow-up study from October 2015 to September 2016. Data on QoL at baseline and in 6 months were collected by trained nurses through face-to-face interviews using a short Amharic version of World Health Organization QoL instrument for HIV clients. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the predictors of health-related QoL. There was an improvement in all of the domains of QoL at the sixth month follow-up compared with the baseline for both groups of patients (P < 0.001). Lack of social support and income were associated with the low improvement in QoL in most of the domains in both groups. Compared with patients having severe acute malnutrition, patients having moderate acute malnutrition and normal nutritional status were better in most of the QoL domains in both groups of patients. Both antiretroviral and anti-VL treatments showed improvement in all dimensions of QoL. Income, social support, and nutritional status were the predictors for most of the QoL domains.
Financial support: The study was supported by University of Gondar.
Ethical approval and consent to participate: Ethical clearance letter No. 2015/996 was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Gondar. Then, an official letter was obtained from the administrative bodies of Gondar University, Humera, and Metema hospitals and Abdrafi Health Center. The purpose of the study was well explained to the study participants and informed consents were secured. Confidentiality was maintained at all levels of the study by avoiding the use of names and other identifiers. Participants’ involvement in the study was voluntary; participants who were unwilling to participate and those who wished to quit were allowed to do so without any restrictions.
Availability of data and materials: The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available on request to the corresponding author. Because of data protection restrictions and confidentiality, we do not make participant data publicly available.
Authors’ addresses: Mekuriaw Alemayehu, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, E-mail: mekuriaw14@gmail.com. Mamo Wubshet, Department of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, E-mail: mamowubshet@gmail.com. Nebiyu Mesfin, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, E-mail: hakimulig@gmail.com. Abebaw Gebayehu, Department of Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, E-mail: gabebaw2worku@gmail.com.
Lainson R, Shaw J, 1987. The Leishmaniases in Biology and Medicine. Peters W, Killick-Kendrick R, ed. London: Academic Press, 1–120.
Pintado V, Martín-Rabadán P, Rivera ML, Moreno S, Bouza E, 2001. Visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected patients: a comparative study. Medicine (Baltimore) 80: 54–73.
Wolday D, Akuffo H, Demissie A, Britton S, 1999. Role of Leishmania donovani and its lipophosphoglycan in CD4+ T-cell activation-induced human immunodeficiency virus replication. Infect Immun 67: 5258–5264.
WHO, 2015. HIV/AIDS Progress in 2014. Available at: www.afrowhoint/en/ethiopia/who-country-officeethiopiahtml. Accessed November 1, 2016.
Alemayehu M, Wubshet M, Mesfin N, Gebayehu A, 2017. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and associated factors among visceral leishmaniasis infected patients in northwest Ethiopia: a facility based crosssectional study. BMC Infect Dis 17: 152.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health (MOH), 2003. National ART Guideline. Available at: http://www.etharc.org. Accessed November 1, 2016.
AIDSinfo, 2016. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Available at: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines. Accessed December 1, 2016.
Alemayehu M, Wubshet M, Mesfin N, Gebayehu A, 2017. Perceived quality of life among visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfected migrant male-workers in northwest Ethiopia: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 17: 204.
Deribew A, Deribe K, Reda AA, Tesfaye M, Hailmichael Y, Maja T, Colebunders R, 2013. Change in quality of life: a follow up study among patients with HIV infection with and without TB in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 13: 408.
Jelsma J, Maclean E, Hughes J, Tinise X, Darder M, 2005. An investigation into the health related quality of life of individuals living with HIV who are receiving HAART. ADIS Care 17: 579–588.
Jia H, Uphold CR, Wu S, Chen GJ, Duncan PW, 2005. Predictors of changes in health-related quality of life among men with HIV infection in the HAART era. AIDS Patient Care STDS 19: 395–405.
Stangl A, Wamai N, Mermin J, Awor AC, Bunnell RE, 2007. Trends and predictors of quality of life among HIV-infected adults taking highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda. AIDS Care 19: 626–636.
Wubshet M, Berhane Y, Worku A, Kebede Y, 2014. Perception and predictors of quality of life among HIV patients attending art clinics in northwest ethiopia: a prospective longitudinal study. Ethiop Med J 52: 119–127.
Carrieri P, Spire B, Duran S, Katlama C, Peyramond D, François C, Chêne G, Lang JM, Moatti JP, Leport C; APROCO Study Group, 2003. Health-related quality of life after 1 year of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 32: 38–47.
Abboud S, Noureddine S, Huijer HA, DeJong J, Mokhbat J, 2010. Quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in Lebanon. AIDS Care 22: 687–696.
Deribew A, Tesfaye M, Hailmichael Y, Negussu N, Daba S, Wogi A, Belachew T, Apers L, Colebunders R, 2009. Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection: its impact on quality of life. Health Qual Life Outcomes 7: 105.
Mekuria L, Sprangers MA, Prins JM, Yalew AW, Nieuwkerk PT, 2015. Health-related quality of life of HIV-infected adults receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in Addis Ababa. AIDS Care 27: 934–945.
Vijairam S, Ross W, Unnikrishnan B, Hegde S, 2012. Association of quality of life with major depressive disorder among people with HIV in south India. AIDS Care 25: 169–172.
Rueda S, Raboud J, Mustard C, Bayoumi A, Lavis JN, Rourke SB, 2011. Employment status is associated with both physical and mental health quality of life in people living with HIV. AIDS Care 23: 435–443.
Mannheimer S, Matts J, Telzak E, Chesney M, Child C, Wu AW, Friedland G; Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS, 2005. Quality of life in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy is related to adherence. AIDS Care 17: 10–22.
Mrus J, Williams PL, Tsevat J, Cohn SE, Wu AW, 2005. Gender differences in health-related quality of life in patients with HIV/AIDS. Qual Life Res 14: 479–491.
Alemayehu M, Wubshet M, Mesfin N, Tamiru A, Gebayehu A, 2017. Health-related quality of life of HIV infected adults with and without visceral leishmaniasis in northwest Ethiopia. Health Qual Life Outcomes 15: 65.
FMOH, 2013. Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health.
WHO, 1996. Manual on Visceral leishmaniasis. Report WHO/Leish/9640. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Dharmendra S, Shyam S, Tribhuban M, 2009. The rK39 strip test is non-predictor of clinical status for kala-azar. BMC Res Notes 2: 187.
WHO, 1998. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-Bref quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group. Psychol Med 28: 551–558.
Kessler R, Andrews G, Colpe LJ, Hiripi E, Mroczek DK, Normand SL, Walters EE, Zaslavsky AM, 2002. Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychol Med 32: 959–976.
Nieuwkerk PT, Gisolf EH, Colebunders R, Wu AW, Danner SA, Sprangers MA, 2000. Quality of life in asymptomatic-and symptomatic HIV infected patients in a trial of ritonavir/saquinavir therapy. The Prometheus Study Group. AIDS 14: 181–187.
Carr A, Chuah J, Hudson J, French M, Hoy J, Law M, Sayer D, Emery S, Cooper DA, 2000. A randomised, open-label comparison of three highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens including two nucleoside analogues and indinavir for previously untreated HIV-1 infection: the OzCombo1 study. AIDS 14: 1171–1180.
Cohen C, Revicki DA, Nabulsi A, Sarocco PW, Jiang P, 1998. A randomized trial of the effect of ritonavir in maintaining quality of life in advanced HIV disease. Advanced HIV Disease Ritonavir Study Group. AIDS 12: 1495–1502.
Nieuwkerk PT, Gisolf EH, Reijers MH, Lange JM, Danner SA, Sprangers MA; NATIVE Study Group; PROMETHEUS Study Group; ADAM Study Group, 2001. Long-term quality of life outcomes in three antiretroviral treatment strategies for HIV-1 infection. AIDS 15: 1985–1991.
Burgoyne RW, Rourke SB, Behrens DM, Salit IE, 2004. Long-term quality-of-life outcomes among adults living with HIV in the HAART era: the interplay of changes in clinical factors and symptom profile. AIDS Behav 8: 151–163.
Burgoyne R, Renwick R, 2004. Social support and quality of life over time among adults living with HIV in the HAART era. Soc Sci Med 58: 1353–1366.
Weiser S et al. 2012. Food insecurity is associated with morbidity and patterns of healthcare utilization among HIV-infected individuals in a resource-poor setting. AIDS 26: 67–75.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 683 | 492 | 34 |
Full Text Views | 419 | 6 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 117 | 8 | 0 |