Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2009. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis 48 (Suppl 3): S203–S230.
-
2.
Ge Y, Rikihisa Y, 2011. Subversion of host cell signaling by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Microbes Infect 13: 638–648.
-
3.
Coleman RE et al. 2003. Occurrence of Orientia tsutsugamushi in small mammals from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 519–524.
-
4.
Kim DM et al. 2011. Differences in clinical features according to Boryoung and Karp genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi. PLoS One 6: e22731.
-
5.
Lee HI, Shim SK, Song BG, Choi EN, Hwang KJ, Park MY, Park C, Shin EH, 2011. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, in a novel mite species, Eushoengastia koreaensis, in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11: 209–214.
-
6.
Takhampunya R, Tippayachai B, Promsathaporn S, Leepitakrat S, Monkanna T, Schuster AL, Melendrez MC, Paris DH, Richards AL, Richardson JH, 2014. Characterization based on the 56-Kda type-specific antigen gene fo Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes isolated from Leptotrombidium mites and th rodent host post infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 139–146.
-
7.
Ree HI, Chang WH, Kee SH, Lee IY, Jeon SH, 1997. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA in individual trombiculids using polymerase chain reaction in Korea. Med Ent Zool. 48: 197–209.
-
8.
Lee IY, Kim HC, Lee YS, Seo JH, Lim JW, Yong WS, Klein TA, Lee WJ, 2009. Geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the republic of korea. Korean J Parasitol 47: 381–386.
-
9.
Song HJ et al. 1998. Molecular and serologic survey of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection among field rodents in southern Cholla province, Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 513–518.
-
10.
Kim HC, Lee IY, Chong ST, Richards AL, Gu SH, Song JW, Lee JS, Klein TA, 2010. Serosurveillance of scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites near the DMZ, northern Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and analysis of the relative abundance of chiggers from mammals examined. Korean J Parasitol 48: 237–243.
-
11.
Park JW et al. 2016. Seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic diseases in small mammals with PCR detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers, Gwangju, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 54: 307–313.
-
12.
Enatsu T, Urakami H, Tamura A, 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains based on the sequence homologues of 56-kDa type-specific antigen genes. Fems Micro Let 18: 163–169.
-
13.
Lu HY, Tsai KH, Yu SK, Cheng CH, Yang JS, Su CL, Hu HC, Wang HC, Huang JH, Shu PY, 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 658–663.
-
14.
Ohashi N, Nashimoto H, Ikeda H, Tamura A, 1992. Diversity of Immunodominant 56-kDa type-specific antigen(TSA) of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. J Biochem 18: 12728–12735.
-
15.
Stover Ck, Marana DP, Carter JM, Roe BA, Mardis E, Oaks EV, 1990. The 56-kilodalton major protein antigen of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi: molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the sta56 gene and precise identification of a strain-specific epitope. Infect Immun 58: 2076–2084.
-
16.
Nakayama K, Kurokawa K, Fukuhara M, Urakami H, Yamamoto S, Yamazaki K, Ogura Y, Ooka T, Hayashi T, 2010. Genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains. DNA Res 17: 281–291.
-
17.
Kuo CC, Lee PL, Chen CH, Wang HC, 2015. Surveillance of potential hosts and vectors of scrub typhus in Taiwan. Parasit Vectors 8: 611.
-
18.
Shim SK et al. 2009. Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes from wild rodents and chigger mites in Korea. J Clin Microbiol 15: 311–312.
-
19.
Zhang M, Zhao ZT, Wang ZJ, Li Z, Ding L, Ding SJ, Yang HL, 2013. Genetic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi in domestic rodents, northern China. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1135–1137.
-
20.
Roddkvamtook W, Ruangareerate T, Gaywee J, Richards AL, Jeamwattanalert P, Bodhidatta D, Sangjun N, Prasartvir A, Jatisatienr A, Jarisatienr C, 2011. Isolation and characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi from rodents captured following a scrub typhus outbreak at a military training base, Bothong district, Chonburi province, central Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 599–607.
-
21.
Varghese GM, Janardhanan J, Mahajan SK, Tariang D, Trowbridge P, Prakash JAJ, David T, Sathendra S, Abraham OC, 2015. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi from patients with scrub typhus in 3 regions of India. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 64–69.
-
22.
Cosson JF et al. 2015. Detection of Orientia sp. DNA in rodents from Asia, west Africa and Europe. Parasit Vectors 8: 172.
-
23.
Lin PR, Tsai HP, Tsut PY, Weng MH, Kuo MD, Lin HC, Chen KC, Jo DD, Chu DM, Liu WT, 2011. Genetic typing, based on the 56-kilodlaton type-specific antigen gene, of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated from chiggers collected from wild-caught rodents in Taiwan. Appl Environ Microbiol 77: 3398–3405.
-
24.
Liu YX, Jia N, Xing YB, Suo JJ, Du MM, Jia N, Gao Y, Xie LJ, Liu BW, Ren SW, 2013. Consistency of the key genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in scrub typhus patients, rodents, and chiggers from a new endemic focus of northern China. Cell Biochem Biophys 67: 1461–1466.
-
25.
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (K-CDC), 2017. Diseases Web Statistics System. Accessed at: http://is.cdc.go.kr/dstat/index.jsp. Accessed January 5, 2017.
-
26.
Kweon SS, Choi JS, Lim HS, Kim JR, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Lee SD, Im HK, Kwon JW, 2009. A community-based case-control study of behavioral factors associated with scrub typhus during the autumn epidemic season in South Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 442–446.
-
27.
Lee HW, Cho PY, Moon SU, Na BK, Kang YJ, Sohn YG, Youn SK, Hong YS, Kim TS, 2015. Current situation of scrub typhus in South Korea from 2001–2013. Parasit Vectors 8: 238.
-
28.
Jeong MA, Youn SK, Kim YK, Lee HM, Kim SJ, Sohn A, 2013. Trends in the incidence of scrub typhus: the fastest growing vector-borne disease in Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 4: 166–169.
-
29.
Park SW, Ha NY, Ryu B, Bang JH, Song HY, Kim Y, Kim GH, Oh MD, Cho NH, Lee JK, 2015. Urbanization of scrub typuhs disease in South Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003814.
-
30.
Ree HI, Chang WH, Kee S, Lee IY, Jeon SH, 1997. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA in individual trombiculids using polymerase chain reaction in Korea. Med Entomol Zool 48: 197–209.
-
31.
Ree HI, 1990. Fauna and key to the chigger mites of Korea (Acarina: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae). Korean J Syst Zool 6: 57–70.
-
32.
Lee IY, Kim HC, Lee YS, Seo JH, Lim JW, Yong WS, Klein TA, Lee WJ, 2009. Geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 47: 381–386.
-
33.
Lee YM, Kim DQ, Lee SH, Jang MS, Neupane GP, 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of the 56kDa protein genes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in southwest area of Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 250–254.
-
34.
Jeong HW, Choi YK, Baek YH, Seing MH, 2012. Phylognetic analysis of the 56-kDa type-specific protein genes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in central Korea. J Korean Med Sci 27: 1315–1319.
-
35.
Tamura A, Yamamoto N, Koyama S, Makisaka Y, Takahashi M, Urabe KI, Takaoka M, Nakazawa K, Urakami H, Fukuhara M, 2001. Epidemiological survey of Orientia tsutsugamushi distribution in field rodents in Saitama prefecture, Japan, and discovery of a new type. Microbiol Immunol 45: 439–446.
-
36.
De W, Jing K, Huan Z, Qiong ZH, Monagin C, Min ZJ, Ping H, Wen KC, Yan LJ, 2015. Scrub typhus, a disease with increasing threat in Guangdong, China. PLoS One 10: e0113968.
-
37.
Zhang M et al. 2013. Molecular epidemiology of Orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers and ticks from domestic rodents in Shangong, northern China. Parasit Vectors 6: 312.
-
38.
Pey RL, Tsai HP, Weng MH, Lin HC, Chen KC, Kuo MD, Tsui PY, Hung YW, Hsu HL, Liu WT, 2014. Field assessment of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in small mammals and its association with the occurence of human scrub typhus in Taiwan. Acta Trop 131: 117–123.
-
39.
Lu HY, Tsai KH, Yu SK, Cheng CH, Yang JS, Su CL, Hu HC, Wang HC, Huang JH, Shu PT, 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 658–663.
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Molecular Epidemiology of an Orientia tsutsugamushi Gene Encoding a 56-kDa Type-Specific Antigen in Chiggers, Small Mammals, and Patients from the Southwest Region of Korea
Jung Wook Park
Jung Wook Park
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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Sun Hee Kim
Sun Hee Kim
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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Duck Woong Park
Duck Woong Park
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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So Hyang Jung
So Hyang Jung
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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Hye Jung Park
Hye Jung Park
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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Mi Hee Seo
Mi Hee Seo
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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Hyeon Je Song
Hyeon Je Song
Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju, Korea;
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Jung Yoon Lee
Jung Yoon Lee
Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju, Korea;
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Dong Min Kim
Dong Min Kim
Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea;
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Choon-Mee Kim
Choon-Mee Kim
Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;
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Byong Chul Gill
Byong Chul Gill
Division of Zoonoses, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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Hang Jin Jeong
Hang Jin Jeong
Division of Zoonoses, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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Jeong Min Lee
Jeong Min Lee
Division of Zoonoses, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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Dong Ryong Ha
Dong Ryong Ha
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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Eun Sun Kim
Eun Sun Kim
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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Jae Keun Chung
Jae Keun Chung
Division of Infectious disease investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea;
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A phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi was performed to elucidate its antigenic diversity in chiggers, small mammals, and patients. Between September 2014 and December 2016, a total of 3,816 chiggers were identified within nine species of four genera in the southwest region of Korea: Leptotrombidium scutellare (49.9%; 1,907/3,816), Leptotrombidium orientale (21.1%; 804/3,816), Leptotrombidium pallidum (12.4%; 474/3,816), Euchoengastia koreaensis (7.2%; 273/3,816), Leptotrombidium palpale (6.7%; 256/3,816), Neotrombicular gardellai (1.3%; 50/3,816), Leptotrombidium zetum (0.8%; 32/3,816), Walchia fragilis (0.5%; 18/3,816), and Neotrombicular japonica (> 0.1%; 2/3,816). Twelve chiggers (11 L. scutellare and one L. palpale) tested positive for O. tsutsugamushi by polymerase chain reaction and, except for 1 chigger (KY266830), were part of the Boryong strain cluster. Of the 413 small mammals that were analyzed for O. tsutsugamushi, Apodemus agrarius was the most common rodent species (89.5%; 370/413), followed by Crocidura lasiura (6.8%; 28/413) and Myodes regulus (3.6%; 15/413). The sequence identity of an O. tsutsugamushi sample obtained from the A. agrarius sample population belonged to the Saitama strain cluster. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis in 125 patients revealed four clusters (Boryong cluster: 82.4% [103/125], Karp: 13.6% [17/125], Kawasaki: 3.2% [4/125], and Saitama: 0.8% [1/125]). This study clarified the phylogenetic relationship for O. tsutsugamushi in chiggers, small mammals, and patients. The Boryong strain was the most common strain in chiggers and patients. In addition, various strains were identified, except for the Boryong strain, in the southwest region of Korea. Overall, the data presented here will be helpful for the establishment of prevention strategies for scrub typhus.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Jung Wook Park, Sun Hee Kim, Duck Woong Park, So Hyang Jung, Hye Jung Park, Mi Hee Seo, Dong Ryong Ha, Eun Sun Kim, and Jae Keun Chung, Division of Infectious Disease Investigation, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju City, Gwangju, Korea, E-mails: jwpvet@korea.kr, sunny1989@korea.kr, vetpo2005@korea.kr, mist324@korea.kr, chj0103@korea.kr, mihee0105@korea.kr, dongryongha@korea.kr, keunsun@korea.kr, and jkchung@korea.kr. Hyeon Je Song and Jung Yoon Lee, Clinical Pathology, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju, Korea, E-mails: songha1@ghc.ac.kr and kumho_ljr@hanmail.net. Dong Min Kim, Departments of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea, E-mail: drongkim@hanmail.net. Choon-Mee Kim, Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, E-mail: choonmee@hanmail.net. Byong Chul Gill, Hang Jin Jeong, and Jeong Min Lee, Division of Zoonoses, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea, E-mails: gilri@korea.kr, jhjin9035@korea.kr, and jeongminlee@korea.kr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2009. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis 48 (Suppl 3): S203–S230.
-
2.
Ge Y, Rikihisa Y, 2011. Subversion of host cell signaling by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Microbes Infect 13: 638–648.
-
3.
Coleman RE et al. 2003. Occurrence of Orientia tsutsugamushi in small mammals from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 519–524.
-
4.
Kim DM et al. 2011. Differences in clinical features according to Boryoung and Karp genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi. PLoS One 6: e22731.
-
5.
Lee HI, Shim SK, Song BG, Choi EN, Hwang KJ, Park MY, Park C, Shin EH, 2011. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, in a novel mite species, Eushoengastia koreaensis, in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11: 209–214.
-
6.
Takhampunya R, Tippayachai B, Promsathaporn S, Leepitakrat S, Monkanna T, Schuster AL, Melendrez MC, Paris DH, Richards AL, Richardson JH, 2014. Characterization based on the 56-Kda type-specific antigen gene fo Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes isolated from Leptotrombidium mites and th rodent host post infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 139–146.
-
7.
Ree HI, Chang WH, Kee SH, Lee IY, Jeon SH, 1997. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA in individual trombiculids using polymerase chain reaction in Korea. Med Ent Zool. 48: 197–209.
-
8.
Lee IY, Kim HC, Lee YS, Seo JH, Lim JW, Yong WS, Klein TA, Lee WJ, 2009. Geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the republic of korea. Korean J Parasitol 47: 381–386.
-
9.
Song HJ et al. 1998. Molecular and serologic survey of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection among field rodents in southern Cholla province, Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 513–518.
-
10.
Kim HC, Lee IY, Chong ST, Richards AL, Gu SH, Song JW, Lee JS, Klein TA, 2010. Serosurveillance of scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites near the DMZ, northern Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and analysis of the relative abundance of chiggers from mammals examined. Korean J Parasitol 48: 237–243.
-
11.
Park JW et al. 2016. Seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic diseases in small mammals with PCR detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers, Gwangju, Korea. Korean J Parasitol 54: 307–313.
-
12.
Enatsu T, Urakami H, Tamura A, 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains based on the sequence homologues of 56-kDa type-specific antigen genes. Fems Micro Let 18: 163–169.
-
13.
Lu HY, Tsai KH, Yu SK, Cheng CH, Yang JS, Su CL, Hu HC, Wang HC, Huang JH, Shu PY, 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 658–663.
-
14.
Ohashi N, Nashimoto H, Ikeda H, Tamura A, 1992. Diversity of Immunodominant 56-kDa type-specific antigen(TSA) of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. J Biochem 18: 12728–12735.
-
15.
Stover Ck, Marana DP, Carter JM, Roe BA, Mardis E, Oaks EV, 1990. The 56-kilodalton major protein antigen of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi: molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the sta56 gene and precise identification of a strain-specific epitope. Infect Immun 58: 2076–2084.
-
16.
Nakayama K, Kurokawa K, Fukuhara M, Urakami H, Yamamoto S, Yamazaki K, Ogura Y, Ooka T, Hayashi T, 2010. Genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains. DNA Res 17: 281–291.
-
17.
Kuo CC, Lee PL, Chen CH, Wang HC, 2015. Surveillance of potential hosts and vectors of scrub typhus in Taiwan. Parasit Vectors 8: 611.
-
18.
Shim SK et al. 2009. Characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes from wild rodents and chigger mites in Korea. J Clin Microbiol 15: 311–312.
-
19.
Zhang M, Zhao ZT, Wang ZJ, Li Z, Ding L, Ding SJ, Yang HL, 2013. Genetic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi in domestic rodents, northern China. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1135–1137.
-
20.
Roddkvamtook W, Ruangareerate T, Gaywee J, Richards AL, Jeamwattanalert P, Bodhidatta D, Sangjun N, Prasartvir A, Jatisatienr A, Jarisatienr C, 2011. Isolation and characterization of Orientia tsutsugamushi from rodents captured following a scrub typhus outbreak at a military training base, Bothong district, Chonburi province, central Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 599–607.
-
21.
Varghese GM, Janardhanan J, Mahajan SK, Tariang D, Trowbridge P, Prakash JAJ, David T, Sathendra S, Abraham OC, 2015. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Orientia tsutsugamushi from patients with scrub typhus in 3 regions of India. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 64–69.
-
22.
Cosson JF et al. 2015. Detection of Orientia sp. DNA in rodents from Asia, west Africa and Europe. Parasit Vectors 8: 172.
-
23.
Lin PR, Tsai HP, Tsut PY, Weng MH, Kuo MD, Lin HC, Chen KC, Jo DD, Chu DM, Liu WT, 2011. Genetic typing, based on the 56-kilodlaton type-specific antigen gene, of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated from chiggers collected from wild-caught rodents in Taiwan. Appl Environ Microbiol 77: 3398–3405.
-
24.
Liu YX, Jia N, Xing YB, Suo JJ, Du MM, Jia N, Gao Y, Xie LJ, Liu BW, Ren SW, 2013. Consistency of the key genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in scrub typhus patients, rodents, and chiggers from a new endemic focus of northern China. Cell Biochem Biophys 67: 1461–1466.
-
25.
Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (K-CDC), 2017. Diseases Web Statistics System. Accessed at: http://is.cdc.go.kr/dstat/index.jsp. Accessed January 5, 2017.
-
26.
Kweon SS, Choi JS, Lim HS, Kim JR, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Lee SD, Im HK, Kwon JW, 2009. A community-based case-control study of behavioral factors associated with scrub typhus during the autumn epidemic season in South Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 442–446.
-
27.
Lee HW, Cho PY, Moon SU, Na BK, Kang YJ, Sohn YG, Youn SK, Hong YS, Kim TS, 2015. Current situation of scrub typhus in South Korea from 2001–2013. Parasit Vectors 8: 238.
-
28.
Jeong MA, Youn SK, Kim YK, Lee HM, Kim SJ, Sohn A, 2013. Trends in the incidence of scrub typhus: the fastest growing vector-borne disease in Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 4: 166–169.
-
29.
Park SW, Ha NY, Ryu B, Bang JH, Song HY, Kim Y, Kim GH, Oh MD, Cho NH, Lee JK, 2015. Urbanization of scrub typuhs disease in South Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003814.
-
30.
Ree HI, Chang WH, Kee S, Lee IY, Jeon SH, 1997. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi DNA in individual trombiculids using polymerase chain reaction in Korea. Med Entomol Zool 48: 197–209.
-
31.
Ree HI, 1990. Fauna and key to the chigger mites of Korea (Acarina: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae). Korean J Syst Zool 6: 57–70.
-
32.
Lee IY, Kim HC, Lee YS, Seo JH, Lim JW, Yong WS, Klein TA, Lee WJ, 2009. Geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 47: 381–386.
-
33.
Lee YM, Kim DQ, Lee SH, Jang MS, Neupane GP, 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of the 56kDa protein genes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in southwest area of Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 250–254.
-
34.
Jeong HW, Choi YK, Baek YH, Seing MH, 2012. Phylognetic analysis of the 56-kDa type-specific protein genes of Orientia tsutsugamushi in central Korea. J Korean Med Sci 27: 1315–1319.
-
35.
Tamura A, Yamamoto N, Koyama S, Makisaka Y, Takahashi M, Urabe KI, Takaoka M, Nakazawa K, Urakami H, Fukuhara M, 2001. Epidemiological survey of Orientia tsutsugamushi distribution in field rodents in Saitama prefecture, Japan, and discovery of a new type. Microbiol Immunol 45: 439–446.
-
36.
De W, Jing K, Huan Z, Qiong ZH, Monagin C, Min ZJ, Ping H, Wen KC, Yan LJ, 2015. Scrub typhus, a disease with increasing threat in Guangdong, China. PLoS One 10: e0113968.
-
37.
Zhang M et al. 2013. Molecular epidemiology of Orientia tsutsugamushi in chiggers and ticks from domestic rodents in Shangong, northern China. Parasit Vectors 6: 312.
-
38.
Pey RL, Tsai HP, Weng MH, Lin HC, Chen KC, Kuo MD, Tsui PY, Hung YW, Hsu HL, Liu WT, 2014. Field assessment of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in small mammals and its association with the occurence of human scrub typhus in Taiwan. Acta Trop 131: 117–123.
-
39.
Lu HY, Tsai KH, Yu SK, Cheng CH, Yang JS, Su CL, Hu HC, Wang HC, Huang JH, Shu PT, 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of 56-kDa type-specific antigen gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi isolates in Taiwan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 658–663.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
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