Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1.
Cohen JI, 2013. Clinical practice: herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 369: 255–263.
-
2.
Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL, Kurland MJ, Sy LS, 2007. A population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction. Mayo Clin Proc 82: 1341–1349.
-
3.
Kawai K, Gebremeskel BG, Acosta CJ, 2014. Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective. BMJ Open 4: e004833.
-
4.
Dworkin RH et al. 2007. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin Infect Dis 44 (Suppl 1): S1–S26.
-
5.
Esteban-Vasallo MD, Domínguez-Berjón MF, Gil-Prieto R, Astray-Mochales J, Gil de Miguel A, 2014. Sociodemographic characteristics and chronic medical conditions as risk factors for herpes zoster: a population-based study from primary care in Madrid (Spain). Hum Vaccin Immunother 10: 1650–1660.
-
6.
Grabar S et al. French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4 Cohort), 2015. Incidence of herpes zoster in HIV-infected adults in the combined antiretroviral therapy era: results from the FHDH-ANRS CO4 cohort. Clin Infect Dis 60: 1269–1277.
-
7.
Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, Liu JY, O’Malley PM, Underwood R, Holmberg SD, 1992. Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 166: 1153–1156.
-
8.
Onunu AN, Uhunmwangho A, 2004. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in HIV-infected versus non-HIV infected patients in Benin City, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 23: 300–304.
-
9.
Richards JC, Maartens G, Davidse AJ, 2009. Course and complications of varicella zoster ophthalmicus in a high HIV seroprevalence population (Cape Town, South Africa). Eye (Lond) 23: 376–381.
-
10.
Glesby MJ, Moore RD, Chaisson RE, 1995. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 21: 370–375.
-
11.
Johnson RW, Bouhassira D, Kassianos G, Leplège A, Schmader KE, Weinke T, 2010. The impact of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia on quality-of-life. BMC Med 8: 37.
-
12.
UNAIDS, 2016. AIDS by the Numbers. Geneva, Switzerland. Available at http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2016/AIDS-by-the-numbers. Accessed December 21, 2017.
-
13.
Moanna A, Rimland D, 2013. Decreasing incidence of herpes zoster in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis 57: 122–125.
-
14.
Hung CC, Hsiao CF, Wang JL, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, Sheng WH, Chang SC, 2005. Herpes zoster in HIV-1-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective observational study. Int J STD AIDS 16: 673–676.
-
15.
Jansen K, Haastert B, Michalik C, Guignard A, Esser S, Dupke S, Plettenberg A, Skaletz-Rorowski A, Brockmeyer NH, 2013. Incidence and risk factors of herpes zoster among HIV-positive patients in the German competence network for HIV/AIDS (KompNet): a cohort study analysis. BMC Infect Dis 13: 372.
-
16.
Blank LJ, Polydefkis MJ, Moore RD, Gebo KA, 2012. Herpes zoster among persons living with HIV in the current antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 61: 203–207.
-
17.
Liu C, Wang C, Glesby MJ, D’souza G, French A, Minkoff H, Maurer T, Karim R, Young M, 2013. Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy and its adherence on herpes zoster incidence: a longitudinal cohort study. AIDS Res Ther 10: 34.
-
18.
Shearer K, Maskew M, Ajayi T, Berhanu R, Majuba P, Sanne I, Fox MP, 2014. Incidence and predictors of herpes zoster among antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients initiating HIV treatment in Johannesburg, South Africa. Int J Infect Dis 23: 56–62.
-
19.
Rubaihayo J, Tumwesigye NM, Konde-Lule J, 2015. Trends in prevalence of selected opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 15: 187.
-
20.
Low A, Gavriilidis G, Larke N, B-Lajoie MR, Drouin O, Stover J, Muhe L, Easterbrook P, 2016. Incidence of opportunistic infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 62: 1595–1603.
-
21.
Gebo KA, Kalyani R, Moore RD, Polydefkis MJ, 2005. The incidence of, risk factors for, and sequelae of herpes zoster among HIV patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40: 169–174.
-
22.
Chalamilla G, Hawkins C, Okuma J, Spiegelman D, Aveika A, Christian B, Koda H, Kaaya S, Mtasiwa D, Fawzi W; MDH Tanzania HIV/AIDS Program, 2012. Mortality and treatment failure among HIV-infected adults in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) 11: 296–304.
-
23.
Hawkins C, Chalamilla G, Okuma J, Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, Aris E, Ewald T, Mugusi F, Mtasiwa D, Fawzi W, 2011. Sex differences in antiretroviral treatment outcomes among HIV-infected adults in an urban Tanzanian setting. AIDS 25: 1189–1197.
-
24.
Kawai K, Yawn BP, Wollan P, Harpaz R, 2016. Increasing incidence of herpes zoster over a 60-year period from a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis 63: 221–226.
-
25.
Liu E, Makubi A, Drain P, Spiegelman D, Sando D, Li N, Chalamilla G, Sudfeld CR, Hertzmark E, Fawzi WW, 2015. Tuberculosis incidence rate and risk factors among HIV-infected adults with access to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 29: 1391–1399.
-
26.
Danel C et al. TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 Study Group, 2015. A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa. N Engl J Med 373: 808–822.
-
27.
WHO, 2016. Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach, 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 32 | 32 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 851 | 144 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 118 | 34 | 2 |
Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Risk of Herpes Zoster among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals in Tanzania
Kosuke Kawai
Kosuke Kawai
Clinical Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Claudia A. Hawkins
Claudia A. Hawkins
Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;
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Ellen Hertzmark
Ellen Hertzmark
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Joel M. Francis
Joel M. Francis
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
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Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
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David Sando
David Sando
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
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Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
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Aisa N. Muya
Aisa N. Muya
Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
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Nzovu Ulenga
Nzovu Ulenga
Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Wafaie W. Fawzi
Wafaie W. Fawzi
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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We examined the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and risk factors for HZ among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Tanzania. A cohort study was conducted among HIV-positive individuals enrolled in HIV care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the effect of ART on the risk of HZ after adjusting for sociodemographics and time-varying clinical and nutritional factors. Among 72,670 HIV-positive individuals, 2,312 incident cases of HZ (3.2%) occurred during the median follow-up of 15 months (interquartile range: 3–35). The incidence rate of HZ significantly declined from 48.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 46.7–51.0) per 1,000 person-years before ART to 3.7 (95% CI = 3.3–4.1) per 1,000 person-years after the initiation of ART (P < 0.001). The risk of HZ declined with longer duration on ART. Low CD4 cell count, older age, female sex, district of Dar es Salaam, and year of enrollment were independently associated with the risk of HZ in the multivariate analysis. Low body mass index and anemia were not associated with the risk of HZ. The risk of HZ substantially declined after ART initiation in this large cohort of HIV-infected individuals. Earlier initiation of ART could reduce the risk of HZ and other opportunistic infections among HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS relief (PEPFAR) through the Harvard School of Public Health and by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania. K.K. was supported by Boston Children’s Hospital Aerosmith HIV Endowment Fund.
Authors’ addresses: Kosuke Kawai, Clinical Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, E-mail: kosuke.kawai@childrens.harvard.edu. Claudia A. Hawkins, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, E-mail: c-hawkins@northwestern.edu. Ellen Hertzmark, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, E-mail: stleh@channing.harvard.edu. Joel M. Francis and David Sando, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, and Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, E-mails: joelmf@hsph.harvard.edu and dsando.tz@gmail.com. Aisa N. Muya, Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, E-mail: aisamuya@gmail.com. Nzovu Ulenga, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, and Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, E-mail: nulenga@mdh-tz.org. Wafaie W. Fawzi, Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, and Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, E-mail: mina@hsph.harvard.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Cohen JI, 2013. Clinical practice: herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 369: 255–263.
-
2.
Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, St Sauver JL, Kurland MJ, Sy LS, 2007. A population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction. Mayo Clin Proc 82: 1341–1349.
-
3.
Kawai K, Gebremeskel BG, Acosta CJ, 2014. Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective. BMJ Open 4: e004833.
-
4.
Dworkin RH et al. 2007. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin Infect Dis 44 (Suppl 1): S1–S26.
-
5.
Esteban-Vasallo MD, Domínguez-Berjón MF, Gil-Prieto R, Astray-Mochales J, Gil de Miguel A, 2014. Sociodemographic characteristics and chronic medical conditions as risk factors for herpes zoster: a population-based study from primary care in Madrid (Spain). Hum Vaccin Immunother 10: 1650–1660.
-
6.
Grabar S et al. French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4 Cohort), 2015. Incidence of herpes zoster in HIV-infected adults in the combined antiretroviral therapy era: results from the FHDH-ANRS CO4 cohort. Clin Infect Dis 60: 1269–1277.
-
7.
Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, Liu JY, O’Malley PM, Underwood R, Holmberg SD, 1992. Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 166: 1153–1156.
-
8.
Onunu AN, Uhunmwangho A, 2004. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in HIV-infected versus non-HIV infected patients in Benin City, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 23: 300–304.
-
9.
Richards JC, Maartens G, Davidse AJ, 2009. Course and complications of varicella zoster ophthalmicus in a high HIV seroprevalence population (Cape Town, South Africa). Eye (Lond) 23: 376–381.
-
10.
Glesby MJ, Moore RD, Chaisson RE, 1995. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 21: 370–375.
-
11.
Johnson RW, Bouhassira D, Kassianos G, Leplège A, Schmader KE, Weinke T, 2010. The impact of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia on quality-of-life. BMC Med 8: 37.
-
12.
UNAIDS, 2016. AIDS by the Numbers. Geneva, Switzerland. Available at http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2016/AIDS-by-the-numbers. Accessed December 21, 2017.
-
13.
Moanna A, Rimland D, 2013. Decreasing incidence of herpes zoster in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Clin Infect Dis 57: 122–125.
-
14.
Hung CC, Hsiao CF, Wang JL, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, Sheng WH, Chang SC, 2005. Herpes zoster in HIV-1-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a prospective observational study. Int J STD AIDS 16: 673–676.
-
15.
Jansen K, Haastert B, Michalik C, Guignard A, Esser S, Dupke S, Plettenberg A, Skaletz-Rorowski A, Brockmeyer NH, 2013. Incidence and risk factors of herpes zoster among HIV-positive patients in the German competence network for HIV/AIDS (KompNet): a cohort study analysis. BMC Infect Dis 13: 372.
-
16.
Blank LJ, Polydefkis MJ, Moore RD, Gebo KA, 2012. Herpes zoster among persons living with HIV in the current antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 61: 203–207.
-
17.
Liu C, Wang C, Glesby MJ, D’souza G, French A, Minkoff H, Maurer T, Karim R, Young M, 2013. Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy and its adherence on herpes zoster incidence: a longitudinal cohort study. AIDS Res Ther 10: 34.
-
18.
Shearer K, Maskew M, Ajayi T, Berhanu R, Majuba P, Sanne I, Fox MP, 2014. Incidence and predictors of herpes zoster among antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients initiating HIV treatment in Johannesburg, South Africa. Int J Infect Dis 23: 56–62.
-
19.
Rubaihayo J, Tumwesigye NM, Konde-Lule J, 2015. Trends in prevalence of selected opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis 15: 187.
-
20.
Low A, Gavriilidis G, Larke N, B-Lajoie MR, Drouin O, Stover J, Muhe L, Easterbrook P, 2016. Incidence of opportunistic infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 62: 1595–1603.
-
21.
Gebo KA, Kalyani R, Moore RD, Polydefkis MJ, 2005. The incidence of, risk factors for, and sequelae of herpes zoster among HIV patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40: 169–174.
-
22.
Chalamilla G, Hawkins C, Okuma J, Spiegelman D, Aveika A, Christian B, Koda H, Kaaya S, Mtasiwa D, Fawzi W; MDH Tanzania HIV/AIDS Program, 2012. Mortality and treatment failure among HIV-infected adults in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) 11: 296–304.
-
23.
Hawkins C, Chalamilla G, Okuma J, Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, Aris E, Ewald T, Mugusi F, Mtasiwa D, Fawzi W, 2011. Sex differences in antiretroviral treatment outcomes among HIV-infected adults in an urban Tanzanian setting. AIDS 25: 1189–1197.
-
24.
Kawai K, Yawn BP, Wollan P, Harpaz R, 2016. Increasing incidence of herpes zoster over a 60-year period from a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis 63: 221–226.
-
25.
Liu E, Makubi A, Drain P, Spiegelman D, Sando D, Li N, Chalamilla G, Sudfeld CR, Hertzmark E, Fawzi WW, 2015. Tuberculosis incidence rate and risk factors among HIV-infected adults with access to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 29: 1391–1399.
-
26.
Danel C et al. TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 Study Group, 2015. A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa. N Engl J Med 373: 808–822.
-
27.
WHO, 2016. Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach, 2nd edition. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 32 | 32 | 12 |
| Full Text Views | 851 | 144 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 118 | 34 | 2 |