Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mackey TK, Liang BA, Cuomo R, Hafen R, Brouwer KC, Lee DE, 2014. Emerging and reemerging neglected tropical diseases: a review of key characteristics, risk factors, and the policy and innovation environment. Clin Microbiol Rev 27: 949–979.
-
2.
Hotez PJ. 2013. NTDs V.2.0: “Blue Marble Health”—neglected tropical disease control and elimination in a shifting health policy landscape. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2570.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2013. Sustaining the Drive to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Second WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
4.
Nunes MCP, Dones W, Morillo CA, Encina JJ, Ribeiro AL, Soc CCDI, 2013. Chagas disease: an overview of clinical and epidemiological aspects. J Am Coll Cardiol 62: 767–776.
-
5.
Bern C, Montgomery SP, 2009. An estimate of the burden of Chagas disease in the United States. Nephrol Dial Transplant 49: e52–e54.
-
6.
Bayer AM, Hunter GC, Gilman RH, Cornejo Del Carpio JG, Naquira C, Bern C, Levy MZ. 2009. Chagas disease, migration and community settlement patterns in Arequipa, Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e567.
-
7.
Conners EE, Vinetz JM, Weeks JR, Brouwer KC. 2016. A global systematic review of Chagas disease prevalence among migrants. Acta Trop 156: 68–78.
-
8.
Requena-Méndez A, Aldasoro E, de Lazzari E, Sicuri E, Brown M, Moore DA, Gascon J, Muñoz J. 2015. Prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin-American migrants living in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003540.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2012. DALY Estimates, WHO regions, 2000–2012. Available at: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index2.html. Accessed July 7, 2014.
-
10.
Lee BY, Bacon KM, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, 2013. Global economic burden of Chagas disease: a computational simulation model. Lancet Infect Dis 13: 342–348.
-
11.
Coura JR, 2015. The main sceneries of Chagas disease transmission. The vectors, blood and oral transmissions–a comprehensive review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 110: 277–282.
-
12.
Carlier Y, Sosa-Estani S, Luquetti AO, Buekens P, 2015. Congenital Chagas disease: an update. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 110: 363–368.
-
13.
Rassi A Jr, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA, 2010. Chagas disease. Lancet 375: 1388–1402.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 2002. Control of Chagas Disease: Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
World Health Organization, 2010. Working to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: First WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
16.
Bonney KM, 2014. Chagas disease in the 21st century: a public health success or an emerging threat? Parasite 21: 11.
-
17.
Ribeiro I, Sevcsik A-M, Alves F, Diap G, Don R, Harhay MO, Chang S, Pecoul B, 2009. New, improved treatments for Chagas disease: from the R&D pipeline to the patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e484.
-
18.
Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Franco-Paredes C, Ault SK, Periago MR, 2008. The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination. Plos Neglect Trop D. 2: e300.
-
19.
Bustamante DM, De Urioste-Stone SM, Juarez JG, Pennington PM, 2014. Ecological, social and biological risk factors for continued Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by Triatoma dimidiata in Guatemala. PLoS One 9: e104599.
-
20.
King RJ, Cordon-Rosales C, Cox J, Davies CR, Kitron UD, 2011. Triatoma dimidiata infestation in Chagas disease endemic regions of Guatemala: comparison of random and targeted cross-sectional surveys. Plos Neglect Trop D 5: e1035.
-
21.
Enger KS, Ordoñez R, Wilson ML, Ramsey JM, 2004. Evaluation of risk factors for rural infestation by Triatoma pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Triatominae), a Mexican vector of Chagas disease. J Med Entomol 41: 760–767.
-
22.
Weeks EN, Cordon-Rosales C, Davies C, Gezan S, Yeo M, Cameron MM, 2013. Risk factors for domestic infestation by the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma dimidiata in Chiquimula, Guatemala. Bull Entomol Res 103: 634–643.
-
23.
Ramsey JM, Alvear AL, Ordoñez R, Muñoz G, Garcia A, Lopez R, Leyva R, 2005. Risk factors associated with house infestation by the Chagas disease vector Triatoma pallidipennis in Cuernavaca metropolitan area, Mexico. Med Vet Entomol 19: 219–228.
-
24.
Molina-Garza ZJ, Rosales-Encina JL, Mercado-Hernandez R, Molina-Garza DP, Gomez-Flores R, Galaviz-Silva L, 2014. Association of Trypanosoma cruzi infection with risk factors and electrocardiographic abnormalities in northeast Mexico. BMC Infect Dis 14: 117.
-
25.
Carabarin-Lima A, González-Vázquez MC, Rodríguez-Morales O, Baylón-Pacheco L, Rosales-Encina JL, Reyes-López PA, Arce-Fonseca M, 2013. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in Mexico: an update. Acta Trop 127: 126–135.
-
26.
World Health Organization, 2015. Chagas Disease in Latin America: An Epidemiological Update Based on 2010 Estimates. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
27.
Cruz-Reyes A, Pickering-López JM, 2006. Chagas disease in Mexico: an analysis of geographical distribution during the past 76 years—a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101: 345–354.
-
28.
Pan American Health Organization, 2006. Quantitative Estimation of Chagas Disease in the Americas. Montevideo, Uruguay: Pan American Health Organization.
-
29.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015. International Migrant Stock by Origin and Destination. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.shtml. Accessed August 2, 2017.
-
30.
Grupo Mexlab, 2016. Bio-Chagas Rec Test Insert. Available at: http://www.grupomexlab.com/elisas/6001339.pdf. Accessed May 18, 2017.
-
31.
Sanchez B, Monteon V, Reyes PA, Espinoza B, 2001. Standardization of micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot for detection of Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies using extracts from Mexican strains as antigens. Arch Med Res 32: 382–388.
-
32.
Guzman-Gomez D, López-Monteon A, de la Soledad Lagunes-Castro M, Álvarez-Martínez C, Hernández-Lutzon MJ, Dumonteil E, Ramos-Ligonio A, 2015. Highly discordant serology against Trypanosoma cruzi in central Veracruz, Mexico: role of the antigen used for diagnostic. Parasit Vectors 8: 466.
-
33.
National Autonomous University of Mexico, National Blood Transfusion Center, 2006. Manual for the Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection [Manual para el diagnóstico de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi]. Available at: http://www.paho.org/mex/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=32&Itemid=329. Accessed August 2, 2017.
-
34.
Salazar SPM, Rojas G, Bucio M, Cabrera BM, García G, Ruiz A, Guevara Y, Tapia R, 2007. Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi y su asociación con factores de riesgo en menores de 18 años de Veracruz, México. Rev Panam Salud Publica 22: 75–82.
-
35.
Capuani L, Bierrenbach AL, Pereira Alencar A, Mendrone A Jr, Ferreira JE, Custer B, Ribeiro AL & Cerdeira Sabino E 2017. Mortality among blood donors seropositive and seronegative for Chagas disease (1996–2000) in São Paulo, Brazil: a death certificate linkage study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005542.
-
36.
Roca C et al.., 2011. Chagas disease among the Latin American adult population attending in a primary care center in Barcelona, Spain. Plos Neglect Trop D. 5: e1135.
-
37.
Custer B et al.., 2012. Epidemiologic and laboratory findings from 3 years of testing United States blood donors for Trypanosoma cruzi. Transfusion 52: 1901–1911.
-
38.
Muñoz J et al.., 2009. Prevalence and vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among pregnant Latin American women attending 2 maternity clinics in Barcelona, Spain. Clin Infect Dis 48: 1736–1740.
-
39.
Gürtler RE, 2009. Sustainability of vector control strategies in the Gran Chaco Region: current challenges and possible approaches. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104 (Suppl 1 ):52–59.
-
40.
Levy MZ et al.., 2006. Periurban Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Triatoma infestans, Arequipa, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1345–1352.
-
41.
Medrano-Mercado N et al.., 2008. Urban transmission of Chagas disease in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 423–430.
-
42.
Ramsey JM, Elizondo-Cano M, Sanchez-Gonzalez G, Pena-Nieves A, Figueroa-Lara A, 2014. Opportunity cost for early treatment of Chagas disease in Mexico. Plos Neglect Trop D. 8: e2776.
-
43.
Imaz-Iglesia I et al.., 2015. Economic evaluation of Chagas disease screening in Spain. Acta Trop 148: 77–88.
-
44.
Arena R, Mathews CE, Kim AY, Lenz TE, Southern PM, 2011. Prevalence of antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi in Hispanic-surnamed patients seen at Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, Texas. BMC Res Notes 4: 132.
-
45.
Gascon J, Bern C, Pinazo MJ, 2010. Chagas disease in Spain, the United States and other non-endemic countries. Acta Trop 115: 22–27.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 42 | 42 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 445 | 121 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 226 | 56 | 1 |
Chagas Disease Infection among Migrants at the Mexico/Guatemala Border
Erin E. Conners
Erin E. Conners
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;
Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California;
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Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California;
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Teresa López Ordoñez
Teresa López Ordoñez
Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Chiapas, Mexico;
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Celia Cordon-Rosales
Celia Cordon-Rosales
Universidad del Valle De Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;
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Carmen Fernández Casanueva
Carmen Fernández Casanueva
Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Chiapas, Mexico
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Sonia Morales Miranda
Sonia Morales Miranda
Universidad del Valle De Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;
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Kimberly C. Brouwer
Kimberly C. Brouwer
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California;
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Chagas disease results in the largest burden, in terms of disability-adjusted-life-years, of any parasitic disease in the Americas. Monitoring Chagas disease among migrants is critical to controlling its spread and to serving the needs of the migrant community. Therefore, we determined the prevalence and correlates of Chagas disease in regional and international migrant populations at the Mexico/Guatemala border. Data were collected as part of a larger study of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and migration. Participants were a sample of recent regional and international migrants who used an illicit substance or had recent problem drinking. Trypanosoma cruzi infection was classified as testing positive on two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Interviewer-administered surveys captured sociodemographics, migration history, Chagas disease knowledge, and access to care. We enrolled 389 recent migrants, and the prevalence of Chagas disease was 3.1%. Only 19% of the participants reported having ever heard of the disease and less than 1% had been previously tested. Trypanosoma cruzi–positive participants were more likely to have been born in a rural area or town than a city (92% yes versus 59% no, P = 0.02) and have recently lived in a house with a makeshift roof (33% yes versus 8% no, P < 0.01), walls (42% yes versus 13% no, P < 0.01), or floor (50% yes versus 21% no, P < 0.02), or cinderblock walls (92% yes versus 63% no, P = 0.04). With migration rapidly changing the distribution of Chagas disease, more work needs to be done to create targeted surveillance programs and provide access to affordable treatment among Latin American migrants.
Author Notes
Financial support: Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) R01DA029899 (PI Brouwer) and a UC MEXUS Dissertation grant. EEC was supported by NIDA T32 Training Grant (T32DA023356, PI Strathdee). Support for testing was also provided by the University of California, San Diego, Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), an NIH-funded program (P30 AI036214), which is supported by the following NIH Institutes and Centers: NIAID, NCI, NIMH, NIDA, NICHD, NHLBI, NIA, NIGMS, and NIDDK.
Authors’ addresses: Erin E. Conners, University of California San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, E-mail: conners84@gmail.com. Teresa López Ordoñez, Centro Regional de Investigacion en Salud Publica, Medical Sciences, Tapachula, Chiapas, MX, E-mail: tlordonez@insp.mx. Celia Cordon-Rosales and Sonia Morales Miranda, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Center for Health Studies, Guatemala City, Guatemala, E-mails: ccordon@ces.uvg.edu.gt and sonia.moralesmiranda30@gmail.com. Carmen Fernández Casanueva, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social Unidad Sureste, Conacyt Research Center, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, MX, E-mail: cferncas@gmail.com. Kimberly C. Brouwer, University of California at San Diego, Division of Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, E-mail: kbrouwer@ucsd.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mackey TK, Liang BA, Cuomo R, Hafen R, Brouwer KC, Lee DE, 2014. Emerging and reemerging neglected tropical diseases: a review of key characteristics, risk factors, and the policy and innovation environment. Clin Microbiol Rev 27: 949–979.
-
2.
Hotez PJ. 2013. NTDs V.2.0: “Blue Marble Health”—neglected tropical disease control and elimination in a shifting health policy landscape. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2570.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2013. Sustaining the Drive to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: Second WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
4.
Nunes MCP, Dones W, Morillo CA, Encina JJ, Ribeiro AL, Soc CCDI, 2013. Chagas disease: an overview of clinical and epidemiological aspects. J Am Coll Cardiol 62: 767–776.
-
5.
Bern C, Montgomery SP, 2009. An estimate of the burden of Chagas disease in the United States. Nephrol Dial Transplant 49: e52–e54.
-
6.
Bayer AM, Hunter GC, Gilman RH, Cornejo Del Carpio JG, Naquira C, Bern C, Levy MZ. 2009. Chagas disease, migration and community settlement patterns in Arequipa, Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e567.
-
7.
Conners EE, Vinetz JM, Weeks JR, Brouwer KC. 2016. A global systematic review of Chagas disease prevalence among migrants. Acta Trop 156: 68–78.
-
8.
Requena-Méndez A, Aldasoro E, de Lazzari E, Sicuri E, Brown M, Moore DA, Gascon J, Muñoz J. 2015. Prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin-American migrants living in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003540.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2012. DALY Estimates, WHO regions, 2000–2012. Available at: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index2.html. Accessed July 7, 2014.
-
10.
Lee BY, Bacon KM, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ, 2013. Global economic burden of Chagas disease: a computational simulation model. Lancet Infect Dis 13: 342–348.
-
11.
Coura JR, 2015. The main sceneries of Chagas disease transmission. The vectors, blood and oral transmissions–a comprehensive review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 110: 277–282.
-
12.
Carlier Y, Sosa-Estani S, Luquetti AO, Buekens P, 2015. Congenital Chagas disease: an update. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 110: 363–368.
-
13.
Rassi A Jr, Rassi A, Marin-Neto JA, 2010. Chagas disease. Lancet 375: 1388–1402.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 2002. Control of Chagas Disease: Second Report of the WHO Expert Committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
World Health Organization, 2010. Working to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: First WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
16.
Bonney KM, 2014. Chagas disease in the 21st century: a public health success or an emerging threat? Parasite 21: 11.
-
17.
Ribeiro I, Sevcsik A-M, Alves F, Diap G, Don R, Harhay MO, Chang S, Pecoul B, 2009. New, improved treatments for Chagas disease: from the R&D pipeline to the patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e484.
-
18.
Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Franco-Paredes C, Ault SK, Periago MR, 2008. The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination. Plos Neglect Trop D. 2: e300.
-
19.
Bustamante DM, De Urioste-Stone SM, Juarez JG, Pennington PM, 2014. Ecological, social and biological risk factors for continued Trypanosoma cruzi transmission by Triatoma dimidiata in Guatemala. PLoS One 9: e104599.
-
20.
King RJ, Cordon-Rosales C, Cox J, Davies CR, Kitron UD, 2011. Triatoma dimidiata infestation in Chagas disease endemic regions of Guatemala: comparison of random and targeted cross-sectional surveys. Plos Neglect Trop D 5: e1035.
-
21.
Enger KS, Ordoñez R, Wilson ML, Ramsey JM, 2004. Evaluation of risk factors for rural infestation by Triatoma pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Triatominae), a Mexican vector of Chagas disease. J Med Entomol 41: 760–767.
-
22.
Weeks EN, Cordon-Rosales C, Davies C, Gezan S, Yeo M, Cameron MM, 2013. Risk factors for domestic infestation by the Chagas disease vector, Triatoma dimidiata in Chiquimula, Guatemala. Bull Entomol Res 103: 634–643.
-
23.
Ramsey JM, Alvear AL, Ordoñez R, Muñoz G, Garcia A, Lopez R, Leyva R, 2005. Risk factors associated with house infestation by the Chagas disease vector Triatoma pallidipennis in Cuernavaca metropolitan area, Mexico. Med Vet Entomol 19: 219–228.
-
24.
Molina-Garza ZJ, Rosales-Encina JL, Mercado-Hernandez R, Molina-Garza DP, Gomez-Flores R, Galaviz-Silva L, 2014. Association of Trypanosoma cruzi infection with risk factors and electrocardiographic abnormalities in northeast Mexico. BMC Infect Dis 14: 117.
-
25.
Carabarin-Lima A, González-Vázquez MC, Rodríguez-Morales O, Baylón-Pacheco L, Rosales-Encina JL, Reyes-López PA, Arce-Fonseca M, 2013. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in Mexico: an update. Acta Trop 127: 126–135.
-
26.
World Health Organization, 2015. Chagas Disease in Latin America: An Epidemiological Update Based on 2010 Estimates. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
27.
Cruz-Reyes A, Pickering-López JM, 2006. Chagas disease in Mexico: an analysis of geographical distribution during the past 76 years—a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101: 345–354.
-
28.
Pan American Health Organization, 2006. Quantitative Estimation of Chagas Disease in the Americas. Montevideo, Uruguay: Pan American Health Organization.
-
29.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015. International Migrant Stock by Origin and Destination. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates15.shtml. Accessed August 2, 2017.
-
30.
Grupo Mexlab, 2016. Bio-Chagas Rec Test Insert. Available at: http://www.grupomexlab.com/elisas/6001339.pdf. Accessed May 18, 2017.
-
31.
Sanchez B, Monteon V, Reyes PA, Espinoza B, 2001. Standardization of micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot for detection of Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies using extracts from Mexican strains as antigens. Arch Med Res 32: 382–388.
-
32.
Guzman-Gomez D, López-Monteon A, de la Soledad Lagunes-Castro M, Álvarez-Martínez C, Hernández-Lutzon MJ, Dumonteil E, Ramos-Ligonio A, 2015. Highly discordant serology against Trypanosoma cruzi in central Veracruz, Mexico: role of the antigen used for diagnostic. Parasit Vectors 8: 466.
-
33.
National Autonomous University of Mexico, National Blood Transfusion Center, 2006. Manual for the Diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection [Manual para el diagnóstico de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi]. Available at: http://www.paho.org/mex/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=32&Itemid=329. Accessed August 2, 2017.
-
34.
Salazar SPM, Rojas G, Bucio M, Cabrera BM, García G, Ruiz A, Guevara Y, Tapia R, 2007. Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi y su asociación con factores de riesgo en menores de 18 años de Veracruz, México. Rev Panam Salud Publica 22: 75–82.
-
35.
Capuani L, Bierrenbach AL, Pereira Alencar A, Mendrone A Jr, Ferreira JE, Custer B, Ribeiro AL & Cerdeira Sabino E 2017. Mortality among blood donors seropositive and seronegative for Chagas disease (1996–2000) in São Paulo, Brazil: a death certificate linkage study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005542.
-
36.
Roca C et al.., 2011. Chagas disease among the Latin American adult population attending in a primary care center in Barcelona, Spain. Plos Neglect Trop D. 5: e1135.
-
37.
Custer B et al.., 2012. Epidemiologic and laboratory findings from 3 years of testing United States blood donors for Trypanosoma cruzi. Transfusion 52: 1901–1911.
-
38.
Muñoz J et al.., 2009. Prevalence and vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among pregnant Latin American women attending 2 maternity clinics in Barcelona, Spain. Clin Infect Dis 48: 1736–1740.
-
39.
Gürtler RE, 2009. Sustainability of vector control strategies in the Gran Chaco Region: current challenges and possible approaches. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104 (Suppl 1 ):52–59.
-
40.
Levy MZ et al.., 2006. Periurban Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Triatoma infestans, Arequipa, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1345–1352.
-
41.
Medrano-Mercado N et al.., 2008. Urban transmission of Chagas disease in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 103: 423–430.
-
42.
Ramsey JM, Elizondo-Cano M, Sanchez-Gonzalez G, Pena-Nieves A, Figueroa-Lara A, 2014. Opportunity cost for early treatment of Chagas disease in Mexico. Plos Neglect Trop D. 8: e2776.
-
43.
Imaz-Iglesia I et al.., 2015. Economic evaluation of Chagas disease screening in Spain. Acta Trop 148: 77–88.
-
44.
Arena R, Mathews CE, Kim AY, Lenz TE, Southern PM, 2011. Prevalence of antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi in Hispanic-surnamed patients seen at Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, Texas. BMC Res Notes 4: 132.
-
45.
Gascon J, Bern C, Pinazo MJ, 2010. Chagas disease in Spain, the United States and other non-endemic countries. Acta Trop 115: 22–27.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 42 | 42 | 18 |
| Full Text Views | 445 | 121 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 226 | 56 | 1 |