Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1.
World Health Organization, 2013. Sustaining the Drive to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Second WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases. , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/9789241564540/en/. Accessed December 1, 2016.
-
2.
Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Shamsizadeh A, 2006. Leishmania tropica-isolated patient with visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 306–307.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2010. Technical Report Series 949. Control of the Leishmaniases. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_949_eng.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2017.
-
4.
Sacks DL, Kenney RT, Kreutzer RD, Jaffe CL, Gupta AK, Sharma MC, Sinha SP, Neva FA, Saran R, 1995. Indian kala-azar caused by Leishmania tropica. Lancet 345: 959–961.
-
5.
Magill AJ, 2009. Leishmania species: Visceral (kala-azar), cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 3481.
-
6.
Jones TC et al.., 1987. Epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. J Infect Dis 156: 73–83.
-
7.
Lessa MM, Lessa HA, Castro TW, Oliveira A, Scherifer A, Machado P, Carvalho EM, 2007. Mucosal leishmaniasis: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed) 73: 843–847.
-
8.
Aliaga L, Cobo F, Mediavilla JD, Bravo J, Osuna A, Amador JM, Martín-Sánchez J, Cordero E, Navarro JM, 2003. Localized mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum: clinical and microbiologic findings in 31 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 82: 147–158.
-
9.
Cocuzza S, Strazzulla A, Pinzone MR, Cosentino S, Serra A, Caltabiano R, Lanzafame S, Cacopardo B, Nunnari G, 2013. Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in immunocompetent patients: an underdiagnosed disease. Case Rep Infect Dis 2013: 165409.
-
10.
Richter J, Hanus I, Haussinger D, Löscher T, Harms G, 2011. Mucosal Leishmania infantum infection. Parasitol Res 109: 959–962.
-
11.
Tiseo D, Tosone G, Conte MC, Scordino F, Mansueto G, Mesolella M, Parrella G, Pennone R, Orlando R, 2008. Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report. Infez Med 16: 233–235.
-
12.
Alvar J, Ballesteros JA, Soler R, Benito A, van Eys GJ, Schooner GJ, Cabrera B, 1990. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum: biochemical characterization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 614–618.
-
13.
Tomson N, Symonds RP, Moir AA, Kendall CH, Wiselka MJ, 2002. New World leishmaniasis from Spain. Postgrad Med J 78: 757–758.
-
14.
Garcia de Marcos JA, Dean FA, Alamillos GF, Ruiz Masera JJ, Cortés Rodríguez B, Vidal Jiménez A, García Lainez A, Lozano Rodríguez-Mancheno A, 2007. Localized Leishmaniasis of the oral mucosa. A report of three cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 12: E281–E286.
-
15.
Borzoni F, Gradoni L, Gramiccia M, Maccioni A, Valdes E, Loddo S, 1991. A case of lingual and palatine localization of a viscerotropic Leishmania infantum zymodeme in Sardinia, Italy. Trop Med Parasitol 42: 193–194.
-
16.
Casolari C, Guaraldi G, Pecorari M, Tamassia G, Cappi C, Fabio G, Cesinaro AM, Piolini R, Rumpianesi F, Presutti L, 2005. A rare case of localized mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in an immunocompetent Italian host. Eur J Epidemiol 20: 559–561.
-
17.
Cobo F, Aliaga L, Talavera P, Concha A, 2007. The histological spectrum of non-granulomatous localized mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101: 689–694.
-
18.
Pau M, Atzori L, Aste N, Aste N, 2009. Two cases of primary endonasal leishmaniasis in Sardinia (Italy). Dermatol Online J 15: 5.
-
19.
Maroli M, Rossi L, Baldelli R, Capelli G, Ferroglio E, Genchi C, Gramiccia M, Mortarino M, Pietrobelli M, Gradoni L, 2008. The northward spread of leishmaniasis in Italy: evidence from retrospective and ongoing studies on the canine reservoir and phlebotomine vectors. Trop Med Int Health 13: 256–264.
-
20.
Noyes HA, Reyburn H, Bailey JW, Smith D, 1998. A nested-PCR-based schizodeme method for identifying Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle classes directly from clinical samples and its application to the study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in Pakistan. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2877–2881.
-
21.
Adams ER, Jacquet D, Schooner G, Gidwani K, Boelaert M, Cunningham J, 2012. Leishmaniasis direct agglutination test: using pictorials as training materials to reduce inter-reader variability and improve accuracy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1946.
-
22.
Sundar S, Pai K, Sahu M, Kumar V, Murray HW, 2002. Immunochromatographic strip-test detection of anti-K39 antibody in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96: 19–23.
-
23.
Fsadni C, Fsadni P, Piscopo T, Mallia AC, 2007. Laryngeal leishmaniasis in Malta. J Infect 54: e61–e63.
-
24.
Faucher B et al.., 2011. Mucosal Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis: specific pattern in a multicentre survey and historical cases. J Infect 63: 76–82.
-
25.
Habibzadeh F, Sajedianfard J, Yadollahie M, 2005. Isolated lingual leishmaniasis. J Postgrad Med 51: 218–219.
-
26.
Michel G, Pomares C, Ferrua B, Marty P, 2011. Importance of worldwide asymptomatic carriers of Leishmania infantum (L. chagasi) in human. Acta Trop 119: 69–75.
-
27.
Guerra JA, Coelho LI, Pereira FR, Siqueira AM, Ribeiro RL, Almeida TM, Lacerda MV, Barbosa Md, Talhari S, 2011. American tegumentary leishmaniasis and HIV-AIDS association in a tertiary care center in the Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 524–527.
-
28.
World Health Organization, 2013. Leishmaniasis in the Americas. Recommendations for Treatment. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/research/en/. Accessed December 1, 2016.
-
29.
Aronson N et al.., 2016. Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Clin Infect Dis 63: e202–e264.
-
30.
van Thiel PP et al.., 2010. Miltefosine treatment of Leishmania major infection: an observational study involving Dutch military personnel returning from northern Afghanistan. Clin Infect Dis 50: 80–83.
-
31.
Mohebali M, Fotouhi A, Hooshmand B, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Rahnema A, Razaghian AR, Kabir MJ, Nadim A, 2007. Comparison of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) by a randomized clinical trial in Iran. Acta Trop 103: 33–40.
-
32.
Rahman SB, ul Bari A, Mumtaz N, 2007. Miltefosine in cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 17: 132–135.
-
33.
Mosimann V, Blazek C, Grob H, Chaney M, Neumayr A, Blum J, 2016. Miltefosine for mucosal and complicated cutaneous old world leishmaniasis: a case series and review of the literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 3: ofw008.
-
34.
Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Bhattacharya SK, Rai M, 2006. Oral miltefosine for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: S26–S33.
-
35.
Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Bhattacharya SK, Rai M, 2002. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 347: 1739–1746.
-
36.
Bhattacharya SK et al.., 2007. Phase 4 trial of miltefosine for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 196: 591–598.
-
37.
Sindermann H, Engel KR, Fischer C, Bommer W, 2004. Miltefosine compassionate use program: oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1520–1523.
-
38.
Soto J et al.., 2007. Treatment of Bolivian mucosal leishmaniasis with miltefosine. Clin Infect Dis 44: 350–356.
-
39.
Soto J, Rea J, Valderrama M, Toledo J, Valda L, Ardiles J, Berman J, 2009. Efficacy of extended (six weeks) treatment with miltefosine for mucosal leishmaniasis in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 387–389.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 51 | 51 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 505 | 107 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 200 | 45 | 0 |
Case Report: Old World Mucosal Leishmaniasis: Report of Five Imported Cases to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
Trupti A. Patel
Trupti A. Patel
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;
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Glenis K. Scadding
Glenis K. Scadding
Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;
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David E. Phillips
David E. Phillips
Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, United Kingdom
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Diana N. Lockwood
Diana N. Lockwood
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;
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Old World species of Leishmania typically cause visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mucosal involvement is typically seen with infection by Leishmania species found in South America, usually after the healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We present five imported cases of mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Old World Mediterranean Leishmania infantum exclusively affecting the nasal mucosa or vocal cord. In only one case was there a recollection of a preceding cutaneous lesion compatible with cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Of significance was that four out of five cases were receiving local corticosteroids for chronic lung disorders and four were systemically immunosuppressed. This report highlights the importance of considering mucosal leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis in those presenting with upper respiratory tract mucosal lesions with a relevant travel history to the Mediterranean and in whom malignancy has been excluded.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Trupti A. Patel and Diana N. Lockwood, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, E-mails: truptipatel1@nhs.net and diana.lockwood@lshtm.ac.uk. Glenis K. Scadding, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, E-mail: gscadding@gmail.com. David E. Phillips, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Warwick Hospital, Warwickshire, UK, E-mail: david.phillips@swft.nhs.uk.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2013. Sustaining the Drive to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Second WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases. , Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/9789241564540/en/. Accessed December 1, 2016.
-
2.
Alborzi A, Rasouli M, Shamsizadeh A, 2006. Leishmania tropica-isolated patient with visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 306–307.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 2010. Technical Report Series 949. Control of the Leishmaniases. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_949_eng.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2017.
-
4.
Sacks DL, Kenney RT, Kreutzer RD, Jaffe CL, Gupta AK, Sharma MC, Sinha SP, Neva FA, Saran R, 1995. Indian kala-azar caused by Leishmania tropica. Lancet 345: 959–961.
-
5.
Magill AJ, 2009. Leishmania species: Visceral (kala-azar), cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 2, 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone, 3481.
-
6.
Jones TC et al.., 1987. Epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. J Infect Dis 156: 73–83.
-
7.
Lessa MM, Lessa HA, Castro TW, Oliveira A, Scherifer A, Machado P, Carvalho EM, 2007. Mucosal leishmaniasis: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed) 73: 843–847.
-
8.
Aliaga L, Cobo F, Mediavilla JD, Bravo J, Osuna A, Amador JM, Martín-Sánchez J, Cordero E, Navarro JM, 2003. Localized mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum: clinical and microbiologic findings in 31 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 82: 147–158.
-
9.
Cocuzza S, Strazzulla A, Pinzone MR, Cosentino S, Serra A, Caltabiano R, Lanzafame S, Cacopardo B, Nunnari G, 2013. Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in immunocompetent patients: an underdiagnosed disease. Case Rep Infect Dis 2013: 165409.
-
10.
Richter J, Hanus I, Haussinger D, Löscher T, Harms G, 2011. Mucosal Leishmania infantum infection. Parasitol Res 109: 959–962.
-
11.
Tiseo D, Tosone G, Conte MC, Scordino F, Mansueto G, Mesolella M, Parrella G, Pennone R, Orlando R, 2008. Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report. Infez Med 16: 233–235.
-
12.
Alvar J, Ballesteros JA, Soler R, Benito A, van Eys GJ, Schooner GJ, Cabrera B, 1990. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum: biochemical characterization. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 614–618.
-
13.
Tomson N, Symonds RP, Moir AA, Kendall CH, Wiselka MJ, 2002. New World leishmaniasis from Spain. Postgrad Med J 78: 757–758.
-
14.
Garcia de Marcos JA, Dean FA, Alamillos GF, Ruiz Masera JJ, Cortés Rodríguez B, Vidal Jiménez A, García Lainez A, Lozano Rodríguez-Mancheno A, 2007. Localized Leishmaniasis of the oral mucosa. A report of three cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 12: E281–E286.
-
15.
Borzoni F, Gradoni L, Gramiccia M, Maccioni A, Valdes E, Loddo S, 1991. A case of lingual and palatine localization of a viscerotropic Leishmania infantum zymodeme in Sardinia, Italy. Trop Med Parasitol 42: 193–194.
-
16.
Casolari C, Guaraldi G, Pecorari M, Tamassia G, Cappi C, Fabio G, Cesinaro AM, Piolini R, Rumpianesi F, Presutti L, 2005. A rare case of localized mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum in an immunocompetent Italian host. Eur J Epidemiol 20: 559–561.
-
17.
Cobo F, Aliaga L, Talavera P, Concha A, 2007. The histological spectrum of non-granulomatous localized mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101: 689–694.
-
18.
Pau M, Atzori L, Aste N, Aste N, 2009. Two cases of primary endonasal leishmaniasis in Sardinia (Italy). Dermatol Online J 15: 5.
-
19.
Maroli M, Rossi L, Baldelli R, Capelli G, Ferroglio E, Genchi C, Gramiccia M, Mortarino M, Pietrobelli M, Gradoni L, 2008. The northward spread of leishmaniasis in Italy: evidence from retrospective and ongoing studies on the canine reservoir and phlebotomine vectors. Trop Med Int Health 13: 256–264.
-
20.
Noyes HA, Reyburn H, Bailey JW, Smith D, 1998. A nested-PCR-based schizodeme method for identifying Leishmania kinetoplast minicircle classes directly from clinical samples and its application to the study of the epidemiology of Leishmania tropica in Pakistan. J Clin Microbiol 36: 2877–2881.
-
21.
Adams ER, Jacquet D, Schooner G, Gidwani K, Boelaert M, Cunningham J, 2012. Leishmaniasis direct agglutination test: using pictorials as training materials to reduce inter-reader variability and improve accuracy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1946.
-
22.
Sundar S, Pai K, Sahu M, Kumar V, Murray HW, 2002. Immunochromatographic strip-test detection of anti-K39 antibody in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96: 19–23.
-
23.
Fsadni C, Fsadni P, Piscopo T, Mallia AC, 2007. Laryngeal leishmaniasis in Malta. J Infect 54: e61–e63.
-
24.
Faucher B et al.., 2011. Mucosal Leishmania infantum leishmaniasis: specific pattern in a multicentre survey and historical cases. J Infect 63: 76–82.
-
25.
Habibzadeh F, Sajedianfard J, Yadollahie M, 2005. Isolated lingual leishmaniasis. J Postgrad Med 51: 218–219.
-
26.
Michel G, Pomares C, Ferrua B, Marty P, 2011. Importance of worldwide asymptomatic carriers of Leishmania infantum (L. chagasi) in human. Acta Trop 119: 69–75.
-
27.
Guerra JA, Coelho LI, Pereira FR, Siqueira AM, Ribeiro RL, Almeida TM, Lacerda MV, Barbosa Md, Talhari S, 2011. American tegumentary leishmaniasis and HIV-AIDS association in a tertiary care center in the Brazilian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 524–527.
-
28.
World Health Organization, 2013. Leishmaniasis in the Americas. Recommendations for Treatment. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/research/en/. Accessed December 1, 2016.
-
29.
Aronson N et al.., 2016. Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: clinical practice guidelines by the (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH). Clin Infect Dis 63: e202–e264.
-
30.
van Thiel PP et al.., 2010. Miltefosine treatment of Leishmania major infection: an observational study involving Dutch military personnel returning from northern Afghanistan. Clin Infect Dis 50: 80–83.
-
31.
Mohebali M, Fotouhi A, Hooshmand B, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Rahnema A, Razaghian AR, Kabir MJ, Nadim A, 2007. Comparison of miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) by a randomized clinical trial in Iran. Acta Trop 103: 33–40.
-
32.
Rahman SB, ul Bari A, Mumtaz N, 2007. Miltefosine in cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 17: 132–135.
-
33.
Mosimann V, Blazek C, Grob H, Chaney M, Neumayr A, Blum J, 2016. Miltefosine for mucosal and complicated cutaneous old world leishmaniasis: a case series and review of the literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 3: ofw008.
-
34.
Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Bhattacharya SK, Rai M, 2006. Oral miltefosine for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: S26–S33.
-
35.
Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Bhattacharya SK, Rai M, 2002. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 347: 1739–1746.
-
36.
Bhattacharya SK et al.., 2007. Phase 4 trial of miltefosine for the treatment of Indian visceral leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 196: 591–598.
-
37.
Sindermann H, Engel KR, Fischer C, Bommer W, 2004. Miltefosine compassionate use program: oral miltefosine for leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients: compassionate use in 39 patients with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1520–1523.
-
38.
Soto J et al.., 2007. Treatment of Bolivian mucosal leishmaniasis with miltefosine. Clin Infect Dis 44: 350–356.
-
39.
Soto J, Rea J, Valderrama M, Toledo J, Valda L, Ardiles J, Berman J, 2009. Efficacy of extended (six weeks) treatment with miltefosine for mucosal leishmaniasis in Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 387–389.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 51 | 51 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 505 | 107 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 200 | 45 | 0 |