Jeon CY, Murray MB, 2008. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: a systematic review of 13 observational studies. PLoS Med 5: e152.
Jimenez-Corona ME et al.., 2013. Association of diabetes and tuberculosis: impact on treatment and post-treatment outcomes. Thorax 68: 214–220.
Shera AS, Jawad F, Basit A, 2002. Diabetes related knowledge, attitude and practices of family physicians in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 52: 465–470.
Chrousos GP, 1995. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. N Engl J Med 332: 1351–1362.
Barth E, Albuszies G, Baumgart K, Matejovic M, Wachter U, Vogt J, Radermacher P, Calzia E, 2007. Glucose metabolism and catecholamines. Crit Care Med 35: S508–S518.
Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC, 2009. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet 373: 1798–1807.
Boillat-Blanco N et al.., 2016. Transient hyperglycemia in patients with tuberculosis in Tanzania: implications for diabetes screening algorithms. J Infect Dis 213: 1163–1172.
Oluboyo PO, Erasmus RT, 1990. The significance of glucose intolerance in pulmonary tuberculosis. Tubercle 71: 135–138.
Jawad F, Shera AS, Memon R, Ansari G, 1995. Glucose intolerance in pulmonary tuberculosis. J Pak Med Assoc 45: 237–238.
Basoglu OK, Bacakoglu F, Cok G, Sayiner A, Ates M, 1999. The oral glucose tolerance test in patients with respiratory infections. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 54: 307–310.
Aftab H, Ambreen A, Jamil M, Garred P, Petersen JH, Nielsen SD, Bygbjerg IC, Christensen DL, 2017. High prevalence of diabetes and anthropometric heterogeneity among tuberculosis patients in Pakistan. Trop Med Int Health. 22: 465–473.
National Tuberculosis Programme Pakistan, 2015. National Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis in Pakistan. Available at: http://ntp.gov.pk/uploads/NATIONAL_GUIDELINE_ON_TB_CASE_MANAGEMENT_REV_JAN_2015.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2015.
World Health Organization, 2006. Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia. Available at http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/Definition%20and%20diagnosis%20of%20diabetes_new.pdf.
Greci LS, Kailasam M, Malkani S, Katz DL, Hulinsky I, Ahmadi R, Nawaz H, 2003. Utility of HbA(1c) levels for diabetes case finding in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 26: 1064–1068.
Gray CS, Scott JF, French JM, Alberti KG, O’Connell JE, 2004. Prevalence and prediction of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance following acute stroke. Age Ageing 33: 71–77.
Maurice J, 2011. WHO framework targets tuberculosis-diabetes link. Lancet 378: 1209–1210.
Kim C, Herman WH, Vijan S, 2007. Efficacy and cost of postpartum screening strategies for diabetes among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 30: 1102–1106.
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Individuals with newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) were screened for diabetes (DM) with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in Pakistan. A significant decrease in FPG was observed when TB was treated. Of those with newly diagnosed DM, 46% and 62% no longer had hyperglycemia after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Individuals with known DM also showed a significant decrease in fasting plasma levels when treated for TB, but after 3 months none had normoglycemia, and after 6 months 9.2% were normoglycemic. Thus, TB-related DM may abate when the stress terminates, as is the case in gestational DM. However, because stress hyperglycemia may be associated with subsequent risk of developing DM, follow-up is recommended.
Financial support: This work was supported by Augustinusfonden; Christian and Dommer Ellens Larsens Legat; Novo Nordisk fonden; and Thorvald Madsens Legat til Fremme af Lægevidenskabelig Forskning.
Authors’ addresses: Huma Aftab and Dirk L. Christensen, University of Copenhagen, Global Health Section, Copenhagen K, Denmark, E-mails: huma@sund.ku.dk and dirklc@sund.ku.dk. Atiqa Ambreen and Mohammad Jamil, Gulab Devi Chest Hospital, Microbiology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, E-mails: atiqaambren@gmail.com and muhammadjamildr70@gmail.com. Peter Garred, Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen, Denmark, E-mail: garred@post5.tele.dk. Jørgen H. Petersen, University of Copenhagen, Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen K, New York, E-mail: jhp@sund.ku.dk. Susanne D. Nielsen, Rigshospitalet, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen, Denmark, E-mail: sdn@dadlnet.dk. Ib C. Bygbjerg, University of Copenhagen, Section of Global Health, Copenhagen K, Denmark, E-mail: iby@sund.ku.dk.
Jeon CY, Murray MB, 2008. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of active tuberculosis: a systematic review of 13 observational studies. PLoS Med 5: e152.
Jimenez-Corona ME et al.., 2013. Association of diabetes and tuberculosis: impact on treatment and post-treatment outcomes. Thorax 68: 214–220.
Shera AS, Jawad F, Basit A, 2002. Diabetes related knowledge, attitude and practices of family physicians in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 52: 465–470.
Chrousos GP, 1995. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. N Engl J Med 332: 1351–1362.
Barth E, Albuszies G, Baumgart K, Matejovic M, Wachter U, Vogt J, Radermacher P, Calzia E, 2007. Glucose metabolism and catecholamines. Crit Care Med 35: S508–S518.
Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC, 2009. Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet 373: 1798–1807.
Boillat-Blanco N et al.., 2016. Transient hyperglycemia in patients with tuberculosis in Tanzania: implications for diabetes screening algorithms. J Infect Dis 213: 1163–1172.
Oluboyo PO, Erasmus RT, 1990. The significance of glucose intolerance in pulmonary tuberculosis. Tubercle 71: 135–138.
Jawad F, Shera AS, Memon R, Ansari G, 1995. Glucose intolerance in pulmonary tuberculosis. J Pak Med Assoc 45: 237–238.
Basoglu OK, Bacakoglu F, Cok G, Sayiner A, Ates M, 1999. The oral glucose tolerance test in patients with respiratory infections. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 54: 307–310.
Aftab H, Ambreen A, Jamil M, Garred P, Petersen JH, Nielsen SD, Bygbjerg IC, Christensen DL, 2017. High prevalence of diabetes and anthropometric heterogeneity among tuberculosis patients in Pakistan. Trop Med Int Health. 22: 465–473.
National Tuberculosis Programme Pakistan, 2015. National Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis in Pakistan. Available at: http://ntp.gov.pk/uploads/NATIONAL_GUIDELINE_ON_TB_CASE_MANAGEMENT_REV_JAN_2015.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2015.
World Health Organization, 2006. Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia. Available at http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/Definition%20and%20diagnosis%20of%20diabetes_new.pdf.
Greci LS, Kailasam M, Malkani S, Katz DL, Hulinsky I, Ahmadi R, Nawaz H, 2003. Utility of HbA(1c) levels for diabetes case finding in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia. Diabetes Care 26: 1064–1068.
Gray CS, Scott JF, French JM, Alberti KG, O’Connell JE, 2004. Prevalence and prediction of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance following acute stroke. Age Ageing 33: 71–77.
Maurice J, 2011. WHO framework targets tuberculosis-diabetes link. Lancet 378: 1209–1210.
Kim C, Herman WH, Vijan S, 2007. Efficacy and cost of postpartum screening strategies for diabetes among women with histories of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 30: 1102–1106.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 76 | 76 | 9 |
Full Text Views | 363 | 99 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 151 | 36 | 1 |