Author:
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Cells and viruses.
- Human serum samples.
- Virus infection.
- DENV antigen preparation.
- Purification of DENV-2 NS1 protein.
- Generation of mAbs against DENV-2 NS1 protein.
- Immunofluorescence assay.
- Cellular ELISA.
- Western blot analysis.
- Phage display biopanning.
- Identification and sequencing of immunopositive phage clones.
- Phage binding assay.
- Peptide binding assay.
- Peptide competitive inhibition assay.
- Immunohistochemical staining.
- Screening of binding activities of anti-NS1 mAbs by direct ELISA.
- Biotinylation of mAb.
- Establishment of NS1 standard curves.
- Detection of NS1 protein in clinical samples.
- Detection of NS1 protein in clinical samples by commercial kits.
- RESULTS
- Generation and identification of mAbs against DENV-2 NS1 protein.
- Identification of epitopes recognized by anti-NS1 mAbs.
- Epitope validation by binding and competition assays.
- Epitope validation on endothelial cells.
- Establishment of a standard curve for detection of NS1 protein.
- Detection of NS1 protein in sera from patients infected with DENV-2.
- Serotyping specificity of the NS1 diagnostic platform.
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Back AT, Lundkvist A, 2013. Dengue viruses: an overview. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 3: 10.3402/iee.v3i0.19839.
-
2.
Li PC, Liao MY, Cheng PC, Liang JJ, Liu IJ, Chiu CY, Lin YL, Chang GJ, Wu HC, 2012. Development of a humanized antibody with high therapeutic potential against dengue virus type 2. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1636.
-
3.
Malavige GN, Ogg GS, 2013. T cell responses in dengue viral infections. J Clin Virol 58: 605–611.
-
4.
Chuang YC, Lin YS, Liu CC, Liu HS, Liao SH, Shi MD, Lei HY, Yeh TM, 2013. Factors contributing to the disturbance of coagulation and fibrinolysis in dengue virus infection. J Formos Med Assoc 112: 12–17.
-
5.
Tang KF, Ooi EE, 2012. Diagnosis of dengue: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 10: 895–907.
-
6.
Prestwood TR, May MM, Plummer EM, Morar MM, Yauch LE, Shresta S, 2012. Trafficking and replication patterns reveal splenic macrophages as major targets of dengue virus in mice. J Virol 86: 12138–12147.
-
7.
Prestwood TR, Prigozhin DM, Sharar KL, Zellweger RM, Shresta S, 2008. A mouse-passaged dengue virus strain with reduced affinity for heparan sulfate causes severe disease in mice by establishing increased systemic viral loads. J Virol 82: 8411–8421.
-
8.
Jupatanakul N, Sim S, Dimopoulos G, 2014. Aedes aegypti ML and Niemann-Pick type C family members are agonists of dengue virus infection. Dev Comp Immunol 43: 1–9.
-
9.
Zhou Y, Austin SK, Fremont DH, Yount BL, Huynh JP, de Silva AM, Baric RS, Messer WB, 2013. The mechanism of differential neutralization of dengue serotype 3 strains by monoclonal antibody 8A1. Virology 439: 57–64.
-
10.
Hu D, Di B, Ding X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Pan Y, Wen K, Wang M, Che X, 2011. Kinetics of non-structural protein 1, IgM and IgG antibodies in dengue type 1 primary infection. Virol J 8: 47.
-
11.
Gutsche I, et al., 2011. Secreted dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 is an atypical barrel-shaped high-density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 8003–8008.
-
12.
Young PR, Hilditch PA, Bletchly C, Halloran W, 2000. An antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reveals high levels of the dengue virus protein NS1 in the sera of infected patients. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1053–1057.
-
13.
Winkler G, Maxwell SE, Ruemmler C, Stollar V, 1989. Newly synthesized dengue-2 virus nonstructural protein NS1 is a soluble protein but becomes partially hydrophobic and membrane-associated after dimerization. Virology 171: 302–305.
-
14.
Flamand M, Megret F, Mathieu M, Lepault J, Rey FA, Deubel V, 1999. Dengue virus type 1 nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is secreted from mammalian cells as a soluble hexamer in a glycosylation-dependent fashion. J Virol 73: 6104–6110.
-
15.
Hang VT, et al., 2009. Diagnostic accuracy of NS1 ELISA and lateral flow rapid tests for dengue sensitivity, specificity and relationship to viraemia and antibody responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e360.
-
16.
Sylvestre G, Gandini M, de Araujo JM, Kubelka CF, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R, Maciel-de-Freitas R, 2014. Preliminary evaluation on the efficiency of the kit Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA to detect dengue virus in dried Aedes aegypti: a potential tool to improve dengue surveillance. Parasit Vectors 7: 155.
-
17.
Jacobs MG, Robinson PJ, Bletchly C, Mackenzie JM, Young PR, 2000. Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 is expressed in a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked form that is capable of signal transduction. FASEB J 14: 1603–1610.
-
18.
Libraty DH et al.., 2002. High circulating levels of the dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 early in dengue illness correlate with the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 186: 1165–1168.
-
19.
Bessoff K, Delorey M, Sun W, Hunsperger E, 2008. Comparison of two commercially available dengue virus (DENV) NS1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using a single clinical sample for diagnosis of acute DENV infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 15: 1513–1518.
-
20.
Lapphra K, Sangcharaswichai A, Chokephaibulkit K, Tiengrim S, Piriyakarnsakul W, Chakorn T, Yoksan S, Wattanamongkolsil L, Thamlikitkul V, 2008. Evaluation of an NS1 antigen detection for diagnosis of acute dengue infection in patients with acute febrile illness. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 60: 387–391.
-
21.
De Decker S, Vray M, Sistek V, Labeau B, Enfissi A, Rousset D, Matheus S, 2015. Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a new dengue IgA capture assay (platelia dengue IgA capture, Bio-Rad) for dengue infection detection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003596.
-
22.
Koraka P, Burghoorn-Maas CP, Falconar A, Setiati TE, Djamiatun K, Groen J, Osterhaus AD, 2003. Detection of immune-complex-dissociated nonstructural-1 antigen in patients with acute dengue virus infections. J Clin Microbiol 41: 4154–4159.
-
23.
Hermann LL, Thaisomboonsuk B, Poolpanichupatam Y, Jarman RG, Kalayanarooj S, Nisalak A, Yoon IK, Fernandez S, 2014. Evaluation of a dengue NS1 antigen detection assay sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3193.
-
24.
Barniol J, et al., 2011. Usefulness and applicability of the revised dengue case classification by disease: multi-centre study in 18 countries. BMC Infect Dis 11: 106.
-
25.
Castleberry JS, Mahon CR, 2003. Dengue fever in the Western Hemisphere. Clin Lab Sci 16: 34–38.
-
26.
Dussart P, Petit L, Labeau B, Bremand L, Leduc A, Moua D, Matheus S, Baril L, 2008. Evaluation of two new commercial tests for the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection using NS1 antigen detection in human serum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e280.
-
27.
Lima Mda R, Nogueira RM, Schatzmayr HG, dos Santos FB, 2010. Comparison of three commercially available dengue NS1 antigen capture assays for acute diagnosis of dengue in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e738.
-
28.
Zhang Y, Bai J, Ying JY, 2015. A stacking flow immunoassay for the detection of dengue-specific immunoglobulins in salivary fluid. Lab Chip 15: 1465–1471.
-
29.
Wang HK, Tsai CH, Chen KH, Tang CT, Leou JS, Li PC, Tang YL, Hsieh HJ, Wu HC, Cheng CM, 2014. Cellulose-based diagnostic devices for diagnosing serotype-2 dengue fever in human serum. Adv Healthc Mater 3: 187–196.
-
30.
Liu IJ, Chiu CY, Chen YC, Wu HC, 2011. Molecular mimicry of human endothelial cell antigen by autoantibodies to nonstructural protein 1 of dengue virus. J Biol Chem 286: 9726–9736.
-
31.
Wu HC, Jung MY, Chiu CY, Chao TT, Lai SC, Jan JT, Shaio MF, 2003. Identification of a dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) serotype-specific B-cell epitope and detection of DEN-2-immunized animal serum samples using an epitope-based peptide antigen. J Gen Virol 84: 2771–2779.
-
32.
Alcon S, Talarmin A, Debruyne M, Falconar A, Deubel V, Flamand M, 2002. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific to dengue virus type 1 nonstructural protein NS1 reveals circulation of the antigen in the blood during the acute phase of disease in patients experiencing primary or secondary infections. J Clin Microbiol 40: 376–381.
-
33.
Avirutnan P et al.., 2006. Vascular leakage in severe dengue virus infections: a potential role for the nonstructural viral protein NS1 and complement. J Infect Dis 193: 1078–1088.
-
34.
Srikiatkhachorn A, Kelley JF, 2014. Endothelial cells in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 109: 160–170.
-
35.
Akey DL et al.., 2014. Flavivirus NS1 structures reveal surfaces for associations with membranes and the immune system. Science 343: 881–885.
-
36.
Schupbach J, Flepp M, Pontelli D, Tomasik Z, Luthy R, Boni J, 1996. Heat-mediated immune complex dissociation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay signal amplification render p24 antigen detection in plasma as sensitive as HIV-1 RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. AIDS 10: 1085–1090.
-
37.
Nadal D, Boni J, Kind C, Varnier OE, Steiner F, Tomasik Z, Schupbach J, 1999. Prospective evaluation of amplification-boosted ELISA for heat-denatured p24 antigen for diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 180: 1089–1095.
-
38.
Ledergerber B, Flepp M, Boni J, Tomasik Z, Cone RW, Luthy R, Schupbach J, 2000. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 concentration measured by boosted ELISA of heat-denatured plasma correlates with decline in CD4 cells, progression to AIDS, and survival: comparison with viral RNA measurement. J Infect Dis 181: 1280–1288.
-
39.
Zhang B, Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Nigo MM, Weidmann M, Hunziker P, 2015. Diagnosing dengue virus infection: rapid tests and the role of micro/nanotechnologies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 11: 1745–1761.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 42 | 42 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 403 | 130 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 112 | 16 | 0 |
Generation and Characterization of Antinonstructural Protein 1 Monoclonal Antibodies and Development of Diagnostics for Dengue Virus Serotype 2
Yin-Liang Tang
Yin-Liang Tang
Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan;
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
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I-Ju Liu
I-Ju Liu
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Pi-Chun Li
Pi-Chun Li
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Chien-Yu Chiu
Chien-Yu Chiu
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Chun-Yu Lin
Chun-Yu Lin
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
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School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
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Chung-Hao Huang
Chung-Hao Huang
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
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School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
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Yen-Hsu Chen
Yen-Hsu Chen
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;
Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Chi-Yu Fu
Chi-Yu Fu
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Day-Yu Chao
Day-Yu Chao
Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;
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Chwan-Chuen King
Chwan-Chuen King
Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Han-Chung Wu
Han-Chung Wu
Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan;
Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;
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Dengue virus (DENV) circulates in tropical and subtropical areas around the world, where it causes high morbidity and mortality. There is no effective treatment of infection, with supportive care being the only option. Furthermore, early detection and diagnosis are important to facilitate clinical decisions. In this study, seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of DENV were generated by hybridoma techniques. These antibodies can be divided into two groups: serotype-specific (DB6-1, DB12-3, and DB38-1) and nonspecific (consisting of antibodies DB16-1, DB20-6, DB29-1, and DB41-2). The B-cell epitopes of DB20-6 and DB29-1 were identified by phage display and site-directed mutagenesis, and its binding motif, WXXWGK, was revealed to correspond to amino acid residues 115–120 of the DENV-2 NS1 protein. A diagnostic platform, consisting of a serotype-specific capture antibody and a complex detection antibody, exhibited a detection limit of about 1 ng/mL, which is sufficient to detect NS1 in clinical serum samples from dengue patients. This diagnostic platform displayed better specificity and sensitivity than two examined commercial NS1 diagnostic platforms. In summary, our results indicate that these newly generated mAbs are suitable for detection of NS1 protein of DENV-2 in clinical samples.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported by grants from Academia Sinica and the Ministry of Science and Technology (104-0210-01-09-02), Taiwan (to H-C Wu).
Authors’ addresses: Yin-Liang Tang, I-Ju Liu, Pi-Chun Li, Chien-Yu Chiu, Chi-Yu Fu, and Han-Chung Wu, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, E-mails: bigerliang@yahoo.com.tw, spinner.striped@msa.hinet.net, pichunli1210@yahoo.com.tw, chienyu412@gmail.com, fuchiyu@gate.sinica.edu.tw, and hcw0928@gate. sinica. edu.tw. Chun-Yu Lin, Chung-Hao Huang, and Yen-Hsu Chen, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, E-mails: infectionman@gmail.com, locusthao@gmail.com, and infchen@gmail.com. Day-Yu Chao, Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, E-mail: dychao@dragon.nchu.edu.tw. Chwan-Chuen King, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, E-mail: chwanchuen@gmail.com.
- INTRODUCTION
- MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Cells and viruses.
- Human serum samples.
- Virus infection.
- DENV antigen preparation.
- Purification of DENV-2 NS1 protein.
- Generation of mAbs against DENV-2 NS1 protein.
- Immunofluorescence assay.
- Cellular ELISA.
- Western blot analysis.
- Phage display biopanning.
- Identification and sequencing of immunopositive phage clones.
- Phage binding assay.
- Peptide binding assay.
- Peptide competitive inhibition assay.
- Immunohistochemical staining.
- Screening of binding activities of anti-NS1 mAbs by direct ELISA.
- Biotinylation of mAb.
- Establishment of NS1 standard curves.
- Detection of NS1 protein in clinical samples.
- Detection of NS1 protein in clinical samples by commercial kits.
- RESULTS
- Generation and identification of mAbs against DENV-2 NS1 protein.
- Identification of epitopes recognized by anti-NS1 mAbs.
- Epitope validation by binding and competition assays.
- Epitope validation on endothelial cells.
- Establishment of a standard curve for detection of NS1 protein.
- Detection of NS1 protein in sera from patients infected with DENV-2.
- Serotyping specificity of the NS1 diagnostic platform.
- DISCUSSION
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Back AT, Lundkvist A, 2013. Dengue viruses: an overview. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 3: 10.3402/iee.v3i0.19839.
-
2.
Li PC, Liao MY, Cheng PC, Liang JJ, Liu IJ, Chiu CY, Lin YL, Chang GJ, Wu HC, 2012. Development of a humanized antibody with high therapeutic potential against dengue virus type 2. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1636.
-
3.
Malavige GN, Ogg GS, 2013. T cell responses in dengue viral infections. J Clin Virol 58: 605–611.
-
4.
Chuang YC, Lin YS, Liu CC, Liu HS, Liao SH, Shi MD, Lei HY, Yeh TM, 2013. Factors contributing to the disturbance of coagulation and fibrinolysis in dengue virus infection. J Formos Med Assoc 112: 12–17.
-
5.
Tang KF, Ooi EE, 2012. Diagnosis of dengue: an update. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 10: 895–907.
-
6.
Prestwood TR, May MM, Plummer EM, Morar MM, Yauch LE, Shresta S, 2012. Trafficking and replication patterns reveal splenic macrophages as major targets of dengue virus in mice. J Virol 86: 12138–12147.
-
7.
Prestwood TR, Prigozhin DM, Sharar KL, Zellweger RM, Shresta S, 2008. A mouse-passaged dengue virus strain with reduced affinity for heparan sulfate causes severe disease in mice by establishing increased systemic viral loads. J Virol 82: 8411–8421.
-
8.
Jupatanakul N, Sim S, Dimopoulos G, 2014. Aedes aegypti ML and Niemann-Pick type C family members are agonists of dengue virus infection. Dev Comp Immunol 43: 1–9.
-
9.
Zhou Y, Austin SK, Fremont DH, Yount BL, Huynh JP, de Silva AM, Baric RS, Messer WB, 2013. The mechanism of differential neutralization of dengue serotype 3 strains by monoclonal antibody 8A1. Virology 439: 57–64.
-
10.
Hu D, Di B, Ding X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Pan Y, Wen K, Wang M, Che X, 2011. Kinetics of non-structural protein 1, IgM and IgG antibodies in dengue type 1 primary infection. Virol J 8: 47.
-
11.
Gutsche I, et al., 2011. Secreted dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 is an atypical barrel-shaped high-density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 8003–8008.
-
12.
Young PR, Hilditch PA, Bletchly C, Halloran W, 2000. An antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reveals high levels of the dengue virus protein NS1 in the sera of infected patients. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1053–1057.
-
13.
Winkler G, Maxwell SE, Ruemmler C, Stollar V, 1989. Newly synthesized dengue-2 virus nonstructural protein NS1 is a soluble protein but becomes partially hydrophobic and membrane-associated after dimerization. Virology 171: 302–305.
-
14.
Flamand M, Megret F, Mathieu M, Lepault J, Rey FA, Deubel V, 1999. Dengue virus type 1 nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 is secreted from mammalian cells as a soluble hexamer in a glycosylation-dependent fashion. J Virol 73: 6104–6110.
-
15.
Hang VT, et al., 2009. Diagnostic accuracy of NS1 ELISA and lateral flow rapid tests for dengue sensitivity, specificity and relationship to viraemia and antibody responses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e360.
-
16.
Sylvestre G, Gandini M, de Araujo JM, Kubelka CF, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R, Maciel-de-Freitas R, 2014. Preliminary evaluation on the efficiency of the kit Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA to detect dengue virus in dried Aedes aegypti: a potential tool to improve dengue surveillance. Parasit Vectors 7: 155.
-
17.
Jacobs MG, Robinson PJ, Bletchly C, Mackenzie JM, Young PR, 2000. Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 is expressed in a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked form that is capable of signal transduction. FASEB J 14: 1603–1610.
-
18.
Libraty DH et al.., 2002. High circulating levels of the dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 early in dengue illness correlate with the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 186: 1165–1168.
-
19.
Bessoff K, Delorey M, Sun W, Hunsperger E, 2008. Comparison of two commercially available dengue virus (DENV) NS1 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using a single clinical sample for diagnosis of acute DENV infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 15: 1513–1518.
-
20.
Lapphra K, Sangcharaswichai A, Chokephaibulkit K, Tiengrim S, Piriyakarnsakul W, Chakorn T, Yoksan S, Wattanamongkolsil L, Thamlikitkul V, 2008. Evaluation of an NS1 antigen detection for diagnosis of acute dengue infection in patients with acute febrile illness. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 60: 387–391.
-
21.
De Decker S, Vray M, Sistek V, Labeau B, Enfissi A, Rousset D, Matheus S, 2015. Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of a new dengue IgA capture assay (platelia dengue IgA capture, Bio-Rad) for dengue infection detection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003596.
-
22.
Koraka P, Burghoorn-Maas CP, Falconar A, Setiati TE, Djamiatun K, Groen J, Osterhaus AD, 2003. Detection of immune-complex-dissociated nonstructural-1 antigen in patients with acute dengue virus infections. J Clin Microbiol 41: 4154–4159.
-
23.
Hermann LL, Thaisomboonsuk B, Poolpanichupatam Y, Jarman RG, Kalayanarooj S, Nisalak A, Yoon IK, Fernandez S, 2014. Evaluation of a dengue NS1 antigen detection assay sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3193.
-
24.
Barniol J, et al., 2011. Usefulness and applicability of the revised dengue case classification by disease: multi-centre study in 18 countries. BMC Infect Dis 11: 106.
-
25.
Castleberry JS, Mahon CR, 2003. Dengue fever in the Western Hemisphere. Clin Lab Sci 16: 34–38.
-
26.
Dussart P, Petit L, Labeau B, Bremand L, Leduc A, Moua D, Matheus S, Baril L, 2008. Evaluation of two new commercial tests for the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection using NS1 antigen detection in human serum. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e280.
-
27.
Lima Mda R, Nogueira RM, Schatzmayr HG, dos Santos FB, 2010. Comparison of three commercially available dengue NS1 antigen capture assays for acute diagnosis of dengue in Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e738.
-
28.
Zhang Y, Bai J, Ying JY, 2015. A stacking flow immunoassay for the detection of dengue-specific immunoglobulins in salivary fluid. Lab Chip 15: 1465–1471.
-
29.
Wang HK, Tsai CH, Chen KH, Tang CT, Leou JS, Li PC, Tang YL, Hsieh HJ, Wu HC, Cheng CM, 2014. Cellulose-based diagnostic devices for diagnosing serotype-2 dengue fever in human serum. Adv Healthc Mater 3: 187–196.
-
30.
Liu IJ, Chiu CY, Chen YC, Wu HC, 2011. Molecular mimicry of human endothelial cell antigen by autoantibodies to nonstructural protein 1 of dengue virus. J Biol Chem 286: 9726–9736.
-
31.
Wu HC, Jung MY, Chiu CY, Chao TT, Lai SC, Jan JT, Shaio MF, 2003. Identification of a dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) serotype-specific B-cell epitope and detection of DEN-2-immunized animal serum samples using an epitope-based peptide antigen. J Gen Virol 84: 2771–2779.
-
32.
Alcon S, Talarmin A, Debruyne M, Falconar A, Deubel V, Flamand M, 2002. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific to dengue virus type 1 nonstructural protein NS1 reveals circulation of the antigen in the blood during the acute phase of disease in patients experiencing primary or secondary infections. J Clin Microbiol 40: 376–381.
-
33.
Avirutnan P et al.., 2006. Vascular leakage in severe dengue virus infections: a potential role for the nonstructural viral protein NS1 and complement. J Infect Dis 193: 1078–1088.
-
34.
Srikiatkhachorn A, Kelley JF, 2014. Endothelial cells in dengue hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 109: 160–170.
-
35.
Akey DL et al.., 2014. Flavivirus NS1 structures reveal surfaces for associations with membranes and the immune system. Science 343: 881–885.
-
36.
Schupbach J, Flepp M, Pontelli D, Tomasik Z, Luthy R, Boni J, 1996. Heat-mediated immune complex dissociation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay signal amplification render p24 antigen detection in plasma as sensitive as HIV-1 RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. AIDS 10: 1085–1090.
-
37.
Nadal D, Boni J, Kind C, Varnier OE, Steiner F, Tomasik Z, Schupbach J, 1999. Prospective evaluation of amplification-boosted ELISA for heat-denatured p24 antigen for diagnosis and monitoring of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 180: 1089–1095.
-
38.
Ledergerber B, Flepp M, Boni J, Tomasik Z, Cone RW, Luthy R, Schupbach J, 2000. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24 concentration measured by boosted ELISA of heat-denatured plasma correlates with decline in CD4 cells, progression to AIDS, and survival: comparison with viral RNA measurement. J Infect Dis 181: 1280–1288.
-
39.
Zhang B, Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Nigo MM, Weidmann M, Hunziker P, 2015. Diagnosing dengue virus infection: rapid tests and the role of micro/nanotechnologies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 11: 1745–1761.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 42 | 42 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 403 | 130 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 112 | 16 | 0 |