ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Worth C, Heukelbach J, Fengler G, Walter B, Liesenfeld O, Feldmeier H, 2012. Impaired quality of life in adults and children with scabies from an impoverished community in Brazil. Int J Dermatol 51: 275–282.
-
2.
Vos T et al., 2012. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2163–2196.
-
3.
Romani L et al., 2015. Mass drug administration for scabies control in a population with endemic disease. N Engl J Med 373: 2305–2313.
-
4.
Romani L, Koroivueta J, Steer AC, Kama M, Kaldor JM, Wand H, Hamid M, Whitfeld MJ, 2015. Scabies and impetigo prevalence and risk factors in fiji: a national survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003452.
-
5.
Romani L, Steer AC, Whitfeld MJ, Kaldor JM, 2015. Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 960–967.
-
6.
Steer AC, Jenney AW, Kado J, Batzloff MR, La Vincente S, Waqatakirewa L, Mulholland EK, Carapetis JR, 2009. High burden of impetigo and scabies in a tropical country. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e467.
-
7.
Thomas M, Woodfield G, Moses C, Amos G, 2005. Soil-transmitted helminth infection, skin infection, anaemia, and growth retardation in schoolchildren of Taveuni Island, Fiji. N Z Med J 118: U1492.
-
8.
Bouvresse S, Chosidow O, 2010. Scabies in healthcare settings. Curr Opin Infect Dis 23: 111–118.
-
9.
Taplin D, Porcelain SL, Meinking TL, Athey RL, Chen JA, Castillero PM, Sanchez R, 1991. Community control of scabies: a model based on use of permethrin cream. Lancet 337: 1016–1018.
-
10.
Lawrence G, Leafasia J, Sheridan J, Hills S, Wate J, Wate C, Montgomery J, Pandeya N, Purdie D, 2005. Control of scabies, skin sores and haematuria in children in the Solomon Islands: another role for ivermectin. Bull World Health Organ 83: 34–42.
-
11.
Wong LC, Amega B, Connors C, Barker R, Dulla ME, Ninnal A, Kolumboort L, Cumaiyi MM, Currie BJ, 2001. Outcome of an interventional program for scabies in an Indigenous community. Med J Aust 175: 367–370.
-
12.
Heukelbach J, Wilcke T, Winter B, Feldmeier H, 2005. Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil. Br J Dermatol 153: 150–156.
-
13.
Steer AC, Tikoduadua LV, Manalac EM, Colquhoun S, Carapetis JR, Maclennan C, 2009. Validation of an integrated management of childhood illness algorithm for managing common skin conditions in Fiji. Bull World Health Organ 87: 173–179.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 2005. Epidemiology and Management of Common Skin Diseases in Children in Developing Countries. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015. Neglected Tropical Diseases: Global NTD Programs. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/global_program.html. Accessed May 5, 2015.
-
16.
World Health Organization, 2015. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/. Accessed March 16, 2015.
-
17.
Mohammed KA, Deb RM, Stanton MC, Molyneux DH, 2012. Soil transmitted helminths and scabies in Zanzibar, Tanzania following mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis: a rapid assessment methodology to assess impact. Parasit Vectors 5: 299.
-
18.
Jackson A, Heukelbach J, Filho AF, Junior Ede B, Feldmeier H, 2007. Clinical features and associated morbidity of scabies in a rural community in Alagoas, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 12: 493–502.
-
19.
Karim SA et al., 2007. Socio-demographic characteristics of children infested with scabies in densely populated communities of residential madrashas (Islamic education institutes) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Public Health 121: 923–934.
-
20.
Landwehr D, Keita SM, Ponnighaus JM, Tounkara C, 1998. Epidemiologic aspects of scabies in Mali, Malawi, and Cambodia. Int J Dermatol 37: 588–590.
-
21.
Raza N, Qadir SN, Agha H, 2009. Risk factors for scabies among male soldiers in Pakistan: case-control study. East Mediterr Health J 15: 1105–1110.
-
22.
Bailie R, Stevens M, McDonald E, Brewster D, Guthridge S, 2010. Exploring cross-sectional associations between common childhood illness, housing and social conditions in remote Australian Aboriginal communities. BMC Public Health 10: 147.
-
23.
Feldmeier H, Jackson A, Ariza L, Calheiros CM, Soares Vde L, Oliveira FA, Hengge UR, Heukelbach J, 2009. The epidemiology of scabies in an impoverished community in rural Brazil: presence and severity of disease are associated with poor living conditions and illiteracy. J Am Acad Dermatol 60: 436–443.
-
24.
Fiji Bureau of Statistics, 2007. Census of Population and Housing: Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment. Available at: http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/index.php/2007-census-of-population. Accessed March 11, 2015.
-
25.
United Nations Development Programme, 2014. Human Development Report, 2014. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. New York: United Nations Development Program.
-
26.
The World Bank, 2015. Fiji Country Data. Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/country/fiji. Accessed July 1, 2016.
-
27.
Walton SF, Currie BJ, 2007. Problems in diagnosing scabies, a global disease in human and animal populations. Clin Microbiol Rev 20: 268–279.
-
28.
Giraudeau B, 2006. Model mis-specification and overestimation of the intraclass correlation coefficient in cluster randomized trials. Stat Med 25: 957–964.
-
29.
Northridge ME, 1995. Public health methods–attributable risk as a link between causality and public health action. Am J Public Health 85: 1202–1204.
-
30.
Mason DS, Marks M, Sokana O, Solomon AW, Mabey DC, Romani L, Kaldor J, Steer AC, Engelman D, 2016. The prevalence of scabies and impetigo in the Solomon Islands: a population-based survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004803.
-
31.
Chosidow O, 2006. Clinical practices. Scabies. N Engl J Med 354: 1718–1727.
-
32.
Haar K, Romani L, Filimone R, Kishore K, Tuicakau M, Koroivueta J, Kaldor JM, Wand H, Steer A, Whitfeld M, 2013. Scabies community prevalence and mass drug administration in two Fijian villages. Int J Dermatol 53: 739–745.
-
33.
Steer AC, Jenney AJ, Oppedisano F, Batzloff MR, Hartas J, Passmore J, Russell FM, Kado JH, Carapetis JR, 2008. High burden of invasive beta-haemolytic streptococcal infections in Fiji. Epidemiol Infect 136: 621–627.
-
34.
Jenney A, Holt D, Ritika R, Southwell P, Pravin S, Buadromo E, Carapetis J, Tong S, Steer A, 2014. The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji. BMC Infect Dis 14: 160.
-
35.
Singh PI, Carapetis JR, Buadromo EM, Samberkar PN, Steer AC, 2008. The high burden of rheumatic heart disease found on autopsy in Fiji. Cardiol Young 18: 62–69.
-
36.
Magree HC, Russell FM, Sa’aga R, Greenwood P, Tikoduadua L, Pryor J, Waqatakirewa L, Carapetis JR, Mulholland EK, 2005. Chest X-ray-confirmed pneumonia in children in Fiji. Bull World Health Organ 83: 427–433.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 906 | 677 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 865 | 15 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 425 | 15 | 0 |
The Epidemiology of Scabies and Impetigo in Relation to Demographic and Residential Characteristics: Baseline Findings from the Skin Health Intervention Fiji Trial
Lucia Romani
Lucia Romani
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;
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Margot J. Whitfeld
Margot J. Whitfeld
Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia;
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Josefa Koroivueta
Josefa Koroivueta
Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji;
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Mike Kama
Mike Kama
Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji;
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Handan Wand
Handan Wand
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;
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Lisi Tikoduadua
Lisi Tikoduadua
Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji;
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Meciusela Tuicakau
Meciusela Tuicakau
Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji;
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Aminiasi Koroi
Aminiasi Koroi
Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji;
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Raijieli Ritova
Raijieli Ritova
Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji;
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Ross Andrews
Ross Andrews
Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia;
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John M. Kaldor
John M. Kaldor
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;
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Andrew C. Steer
Andrew C. Steer
Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Australia;
Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Scabies and associated impetigo are under-recognized causes of morbidity in many developing countries. To strengthen the evidence base for scabies control we undertook a trial of mass treatment for scabies. We report on the occurrence and predictors of scabies and impetigo in participants at baseline. Participants were recruited in six island communities and were examined for the presence of scabies and impetigo. In addition to descriptive analyses, logistic regression models were fit to assess the association between demographic variables and outcome of interest. The study enrolled 2051 participants. Scabies prevalence was 36.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 34.3–38.5), highest in children 5–9 years (55.7%). Impetigo prevalence was 23.4% (95% CI 21.5–25.2) highest in children aged 10–14 (39.0%). People with scabies were 2.8× more likely to have impetigo. The population attributable risk of scabies as a cause of impetigo was 36.3% and 71.0% in children aged less than five years. Households with four or more people sharing the same room were more likely to have scabies and impetigo (odds ratios [OR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2 and OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.2 respectively) compared to households with rooms occupied by a single individual. This study confirms the high burden of scabies and impetigo in Fiji and the association between these two conditions, particularly in young children. Overcrowding, young age, and clinical distribution of lesion are important risk factors for scabies and impetigo. Further studies are needed to investigate whether the decline of endemic scabies would translate into a definite reduction of the burden of associated complications.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council project grant (1032310). Ivermectin was provided by Merck Sharp and Dohme, Australia.
Authors’ addresses: Lucia Romani, Handan Wand, and John M. Kaldor, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, E-mails: lromani@kirby.unsw.edu.au, hwand@kirby.unsw.edu.au, and jkaldor@kirby.unsw.edu.au. Margot J. Whitfeld, Department of Dermatology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia, E-mail: mwhitfeld@stlderm.com.au. Josefa Koroivueta, Mike Kama, Meciusela Tuicakau, and Aminiasi Koroi, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji, E-mails: josefa.koroivueta@govnet.gov.fj, mnkama02@gmail.com, mtsatala@yahoo.com, and aminee.kay@gmail.com. Lisi Tikoduadua, Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Suva, Fiji, E-mail: liztiko@gmail.com. Ross Andrews, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia, E-mail: ross.andrews@menzies.edu.au. Andrew C. Steer, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Australia, E-mail: andrew.steer@rch.org.au.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Worth C, Heukelbach J, Fengler G, Walter B, Liesenfeld O, Feldmeier H, 2012. Impaired quality of life in adults and children with scabies from an impoverished community in Brazil. Int J Dermatol 51: 275–282.
-
2.
Vos T et al., 2012. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380: 2163–2196.
-
3.
Romani L et al., 2015. Mass drug administration for scabies control in a population with endemic disease. N Engl J Med 373: 2305–2313.
-
4.
Romani L, Koroivueta J, Steer AC, Kama M, Kaldor JM, Wand H, Hamid M, Whitfeld MJ, 2015. Scabies and impetigo prevalence and risk factors in fiji: a national survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003452.
-
5.
Romani L, Steer AC, Whitfeld MJ, Kaldor JM, 2015. Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 960–967.
-
6.
Steer AC, Jenney AW, Kado J, Batzloff MR, La Vincente S, Waqatakirewa L, Mulholland EK, Carapetis JR, 2009. High burden of impetigo and scabies in a tropical country. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e467.
-
7.
Thomas M, Woodfield G, Moses C, Amos G, 2005. Soil-transmitted helminth infection, skin infection, anaemia, and growth retardation in schoolchildren of Taveuni Island, Fiji. N Z Med J 118: U1492.
-
8.
Bouvresse S, Chosidow O, 2010. Scabies in healthcare settings. Curr Opin Infect Dis 23: 111–118.
-
9.
Taplin D, Porcelain SL, Meinking TL, Athey RL, Chen JA, Castillero PM, Sanchez R, 1991. Community control of scabies: a model based on use of permethrin cream. Lancet 337: 1016–1018.
-
10.
Lawrence G, Leafasia J, Sheridan J, Hills S, Wate J, Wate C, Montgomery J, Pandeya N, Purdie D, 2005. Control of scabies, skin sores and haematuria in children in the Solomon Islands: another role for ivermectin. Bull World Health Organ 83: 34–42.
-
11.
Wong LC, Amega B, Connors C, Barker R, Dulla ME, Ninnal A, Kolumboort L, Cumaiyi MM, Currie BJ, 2001. Outcome of an interventional program for scabies in an Indigenous community. Med J Aust 175: 367–370.
-
12.
Heukelbach J, Wilcke T, Winter B, Feldmeier H, 2005. Epidemiology and morbidity of scabies and pediculosis capitis in resource-poor communities in Brazil. Br J Dermatol 153: 150–156.
-
13.
Steer AC, Tikoduadua LV, Manalac EM, Colquhoun S, Carapetis JR, Maclennan C, 2009. Validation of an integrated management of childhood illness algorithm for managing common skin conditions in Fiji. Bull World Health Organ 87: 173–179.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 2005. Epidemiology and Management of Common Skin Diseases in Children in Developing Countries. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
15.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2015. Neglected Tropical Diseases: Global NTD Programs. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/global_program.html. Accessed May 5, 2015.
-
16.
World Health Organization, 2015. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/diseases/en/. Accessed March 16, 2015.
-
17.
Mohammed KA, Deb RM, Stanton MC, Molyneux DH, 2012. Soil transmitted helminths and scabies in Zanzibar, Tanzania following mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis: a rapid assessment methodology to assess impact. Parasit Vectors 5: 299.
-
18.
Jackson A, Heukelbach J, Filho AF, Junior Ede B, Feldmeier H, 2007. Clinical features and associated morbidity of scabies in a rural community in Alagoas, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 12: 493–502.
-
19.
Karim SA et al., 2007. Socio-demographic characteristics of children infested with scabies in densely populated communities of residential madrashas (Islamic education institutes) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Public Health 121: 923–934.
-
20.
Landwehr D, Keita SM, Ponnighaus JM, Tounkara C, 1998. Epidemiologic aspects of scabies in Mali, Malawi, and Cambodia. Int J Dermatol 37: 588–590.
-
21.
Raza N, Qadir SN, Agha H, 2009. Risk factors for scabies among male soldiers in Pakistan: case-control study. East Mediterr Health J 15: 1105–1110.
-
22.
Bailie R, Stevens M, McDonald E, Brewster D, Guthridge S, 2010. Exploring cross-sectional associations between common childhood illness, housing and social conditions in remote Australian Aboriginal communities. BMC Public Health 10: 147.
-
23.
Feldmeier H, Jackson A, Ariza L, Calheiros CM, Soares Vde L, Oliveira FA, Hengge UR, Heukelbach J, 2009. The epidemiology of scabies in an impoverished community in rural Brazil: presence and severity of disease are associated with poor living conditions and illiteracy. J Am Acad Dermatol 60: 436–443.
-
24.
Fiji Bureau of Statistics, 2007. Census of Population and Housing: Labour Force, Employment and Unemployment. Available at: http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/index.php/2007-census-of-population. Accessed March 11, 2015.
-
25.
United Nations Development Programme, 2014. Human Development Report, 2014. The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World. New York: United Nations Development Program.
-
26.
The World Bank, 2015. Fiji Country Data. Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/country/fiji. Accessed July 1, 2016.
-
27.
Walton SF, Currie BJ, 2007. Problems in diagnosing scabies, a global disease in human and animal populations. Clin Microbiol Rev 20: 268–279.
-
28.
Giraudeau B, 2006. Model mis-specification and overestimation of the intraclass correlation coefficient in cluster randomized trials. Stat Med 25: 957–964.
-
29.
Northridge ME, 1995. Public health methods–attributable risk as a link between causality and public health action. Am J Public Health 85: 1202–1204.
-
30.
Mason DS, Marks M, Sokana O, Solomon AW, Mabey DC, Romani L, Kaldor J, Steer AC, Engelman D, 2016. The prevalence of scabies and impetigo in the Solomon Islands: a population-based survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004803.
-
31.
Chosidow O, 2006. Clinical practices. Scabies. N Engl J Med 354: 1718–1727.
-
32.
Haar K, Romani L, Filimone R, Kishore K, Tuicakau M, Koroivueta J, Kaldor JM, Wand H, Steer A, Whitfeld M, 2013. Scabies community prevalence and mass drug administration in two Fijian villages. Int J Dermatol 53: 739–745.
-
33.
Steer AC, Jenney AJ, Oppedisano F, Batzloff MR, Hartas J, Passmore J, Russell FM, Kado JH, Carapetis JR, 2008. High burden of invasive beta-haemolytic streptococcal infections in Fiji. Epidemiol Infect 136: 621–627.
-
34.
Jenney A, Holt D, Ritika R, Southwell P, Pravin S, Buadromo E, Carapetis J, Tong S, Steer A, 2014. The clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in Fiji. BMC Infect Dis 14: 160.
-
35.
Singh PI, Carapetis JR, Buadromo EM, Samberkar PN, Steer AC, 2008. The high burden of rheumatic heart disease found on autopsy in Fiji. Cardiol Young 18: 62–69.
-
36.
Magree HC, Russell FM, Sa’aga R, Greenwood P, Tikoduadua L, Pryor J, Waqatakirewa L, Carapetis JR, Mulholland EK, 2005. Chest X-ray-confirmed pneumonia in children in Fiji. Bull World Health Organ 83: 427–433.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 906 | 677 | 11 |
| Full Text Views | 865 | 15 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 425 | 15 | 0 |