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-
1.
Konaté A, Minta D, Diarra M, Dolo A, Dembele M, Diarra B, Maiga MY, Traore HA, Doumbo O, 2005. Parasitoses digestives au cours de la diarrhée du sida. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 98: 33–35.
-
2.
Wumba R, Enache-Angoulvant A, Develoux M, Mulumba A, Mulumba PM, Hennequin C, Odio TW, Biligui S, Sala J, Thellier M, 2007. Prévalence des infections opportunistes digestives parasitaires à Kinshasa (République Démogratique du Congo), Résultats d’une enquête préliminaire chez 50 patients au stade SIDA. Med Trop 67: 145–148.
-
3.
Assefa S, Erko B, Medhin G, Assefa Z, Shimelis T, 2009. Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count. BMC Infect Dis 9: 155–160.
-
4.
OMS, 1987. Interrelations entre les maladies tropicales et les infections à VIH: rapport d’une consultation informelle de l’OMS. Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI): World Health Organization Press, 63. Available at: http://books.google.cm/books/about/Interrelations_Entre_Les_Maladies_Tropic.html.
-
5.
Sarfati C, Bourgeois A, Menotti J, Liegeois F, Moyou-Somo R, Delaporte E, Derouin F, Ngole EM, Molina JM, 2006. Prevalence of intestinal parasites including microsporidia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 162–164.
-
6.
Lehman LG, Kangam L, Nguepi E, Mbenoun ML, Bilong Bilong CF, 2013. Study of intestinal parasitic infections associated with HIV infection in Douala, Cameroon. Retrovirology 9 (Suppl 1): 48.
-
7.
Nkenfou CN, Nana CT, Payne VK, 2013. Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV infected and non-infected patients in a low HIV prevalence region, West-Cameroon. PLoS One 8: e57914.
-
8.
UNAIDS, 2013. Global Report 2013: UNAIDS. Available at: http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2013/gr2013/UNAIDS_Global_Report_2013_en.pdf.
-
9.
Ilboudo D, Sanou J, Traoré LK, 1997. Parasitoses digestives et infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine à Ouagadougou. Med Afr Noire 44: 69–72.
-
10.
Inyang-Etoh PC, Udonkang MI, Adeboboye AO, 2015. Occurrence of intestinal parasites amongst persons on highly active antiretroviraldrugtherapy in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Vet Sci Dev 5: 5794.
-
11.
National Institute of Statistics, 2012. Demographic and Health survey and Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey DHS-MICS Preliminary Report. February 2012. Calverton, MD: INS et ICF International.
-
12.
Henriksen S, Pohlenz J, 1981. Staining of Cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand 22: 594–596.
-
13.
Galeazzi G, 1992. Microsporidies. Anale du contrôle de qualité Colombes, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 1–3. Available at: http://www.laboratoire-defrance.com.
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14.
WHO recommendations, 2015. Treat All People Living with HIV, Offer Antiretrovirals as Additional Prevention Choice for People at “Substantial” Risk. News release September 30, 2015, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/hiv-treat-all-recommendation/en/.
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15.
Vouking ZM, Enoka P, Tamo CV, Tadenfok CN, 2014. Prevalence of intestinal parasites among HIV patients at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 18: 136.
-
16.
Missaye A, Dagnew M, Alemu A, Alemu A, 2013. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients with pre-ART and on-ART attending dessie hospital ART clinic, northeast Ethiopia. AIDS Res Ther 10: 7.
-
17.
Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Kumaresan J, Ehrlich Sachs S, Sachs JD, Savioli L, 2007. Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med 357: 1018–1027.
-
18.
Hotez PJ, Bundy DAP, Beegle K, Brooker S, Drake L, de Silva N, Montresor A, Engels D, Jukes M, Chitsulo L, Chow J, Laxminarayan R, Michaud C, Bethony J, Correa-Oliveira R, Shuhua X, Fenwick A, Savioli L, 2006. Chapter 24. Helminth infections: soil-transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis. Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, Alleyne G, Claeson M, Evans DB, Jha P, Mills A, Musgrove P, eds. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition. Washington, DC: World Bank, 467–482.
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19.
Savioli L, Smith H, Thompson A, 2006. Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the “neglected diseases initiative.” Trends Parasitol 22: 203–208.
-
20.
Utzinger J, Becker SL, Knopp S, Blum J, Neumayr AL, Keiser J, Hatz CF, 2012. Neglected tropical diseases: diagnosis, clinical management, treatment and control. Swiss Med Wkly 142: w13727.
-
21.
Becker SL, Lohourignon LK, Speich B, Rinaldi L, Knopp S, N’Goran EK, Cringoli G, Utzinger J, 2011. Comparison of the Flotac-400 dual technique and the formalin-ether concentration technique for diagnosis of human intestinal protozoon infection. J Clin Microbiol 49: 2183–2190.
-
22.
Babatunde SK, Salami AK, Fabiyi JP, Agbede OO, Desalu OO, 2010. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in HIV seropositive and seronegative patients in Ilorin. Nigeria Ann Afr Med 9: 123–128.
-
23.
Anane S, Attouchi H, Kaouech E, Belhadj S, Ben Chaabane T, Ben Abdallah N, Ben Othman T, Samoud A, Ben Hriz M, Kallel K, Chaker E, 2010. Caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques de la microsporidiose intestinale chez les immunodéprimés vus à Tunis. Cahier Santé 20: 21–29.
-
24.
Asmuth DM, DeGirolami PC, Federman M, Ezratty CR, Pleskow DK, Desai G, Wanke CA, 1994. Clinical features of microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 18: 819–825.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 382 | 304 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 575 | 9 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 102 | 6 | 1 |
Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and Noninfected Persons in a High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence Region of Cameroon
Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou
Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou
Laboratory of Systems Biology, “Chantal Biya” International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CBIRC), Yaounde, Cameroon;
Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon;
Molecular Biology Center, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon;
Molecular Biology Center, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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Sandrine Mboula Tchameni
Sandrine Mboula Tchameni
Catholic University of Central Africa, School of Health Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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Carine Nguefeu Nkenfou
Carine Nguefeu Nkenfou
Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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Patrice Djataou
Patrice Djataou
Molecular Biology Center, Yaounde, Cameroon;
Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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Ulrich Florian Simo
Ulrich Florian Simo
Polytechnic School, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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Alexandre Benjamin Nkoum
Alexandre Benjamin Nkoum
Catholic University of Central Africa, School of Health Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon;
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William Estrin
William Estrin
California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California
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The problem of intestinal parasitic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected people requires careful consideration in the developing world where poor nutrition is associated with poor hygiene and several coinfecting diseases. Studies have addressed this issue in Cameroon, especially in the low HIV prevalence area. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Adamaoua and to identify associated risk factors. Stool and blood specimens from study participants were screened for intestinal parasites and anti-HIV antibodies, respectively. Of 235 participants, 68 (28.9%) were HIV positive, 38 of them on antiretroviral treatment (ART). The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 32.3%. Of 68 PLHIV, 32.3% (22/68) were infected with intestinal parasites, compared with 32.3% (54/167) of the HIV-negative patients. Univariate analysis showed no difference between the prevalence of intestinal parasites among PLHIV and HIV-negative patients (P = 0.69). ART was not associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Multivariate analysis showed that the quality of water and the personal hygiene were the major risk factors associated to intestinal parasitosis. The level of education was associated with HIV serostatus: the higher the level of education, the lower the risk of being infected with HIV (P = 0.00). PLHIV and the general population should be screened routinely for intestinal parasites and treated if infected.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou, Laboratory of Systems Biology, “Chantal Biya” International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CBIRC), Yaounde, Cameroon, Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon, Molecular Biology Center, Yaounde, Cameroon, E-mail: nkenfou@yahoo.com. Sandrine Mboula Tchameni, Catholic University of Central Africa, School of Health Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon, E-mail: sandysquat@yahoo.fr. Carine Nguefeu Nkenfou, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon, E-mail: nguefeucarine@yahoo.fr. Patrice Djataou, Molecular Biology Center, Yaounde, Cameroon, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon, E-mail: djataouprince@yahoo.fr. Ulrich Florian Simo, Polytechnic School, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon, E-mail: florian_simo@yahoo.fr. Alexandre Benjamin Nkoum, Catholic University of Central Africa, School of Health Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon, E-mail: benalexnkoum@yahoo.fr. William Estrin, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, E-mail: drbilestrin@hotmail.com.
ProCite
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-
1.
Konaté A, Minta D, Diarra M, Dolo A, Dembele M, Diarra B, Maiga MY, Traore HA, Doumbo O, 2005. Parasitoses digestives au cours de la diarrhée du sida. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 98: 33–35.
-
2.
Wumba R, Enache-Angoulvant A, Develoux M, Mulumba A, Mulumba PM, Hennequin C, Odio TW, Biligui S, Sala J, Thellier M, 2007. Prévalence des infections opportunistes digestives parasitaires à Kinshasa (République Démogratique du Congo), Résultats d’une enquête préliminaire chez 50 patients au stade SIDA. Med Trop 67: 145–148.
-
3.
Assefa S, Erko B, Medhin G, Assefa Z, Shimelis T, 2009. Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to HIV/AIDS status, diarrhea and CD4 T-cell count. BMC Infect Dis 9: 155–160.
-
4.
OMS, 1987. Interrelations entre les maladies tropicales et les infections à VIH: rapport d’une consultation informelle de l’OMS. Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI): World Health Organization Press, 63. Available at: http://books.google.cm/books/about/Interrelations_Entre_Les_Maladies_Tropic.html.
-
5.
Sarfati C, Bourgeois A, Menotti J, Liegeois F, Moyou-Somo R, Delaporte E, Derouin F, Ngole EM, Molina JM, 2006. Prevalence of intestinal parasites including microsporidia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 162–164.
-
6.
Lehman LG, Kangam L, Nguepi E, Mbenoun ML, Bilong Bilong CF, 2013. Study of intestinal parasitic infections associated with HIV infection in Douala, Cameroon. Retrovirology 9 (Suppl 1): 48.
-
7.
Nkenfou CN, Nana CT, Payne VK, 2013. Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV infected and non-infected patients in a low HIV prevalence region, West-Cameroon. PLoS One 8: e57914.
-
8.
UNAIDS, 2013. Global Report 2013: UNAIDS. Available at: http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2013/gr2013/UNAIDS_Global_Report_2013_en.pdf.
-
9.
Ilboudo D, Sanou J, Traoré LK, 1997. Parasitoses digestives et infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine à Ouagadougou. Med Afr Noire 44: 69–72.
-
10.
Inyang-Etoh PC, Udonkang MI, Adeboboye AO, 2015. Occurrence of intestinal parasites amongst persons on highly active antiretroviraldrugtherapy in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Vet Sci Dev 5: 5794.
-
11.
National Institute of Statistics, 2012. Demographic and Health survey and Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey DHS-MICS Preliminary Report. February 2012. Calverton, MD: INS et ICF International.
-
12.
Henriksen S, Pohlenz J, 1981. Staining of Cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta Vet Scand 22: 594–596.
-
13.
Galeazzi G, 1992. Microsporidies. Anale du contrôle de qualité Colombes, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 1–3. Available at: http://www.laboratoire-defrance.com.
-
14.
WHO recommendations, 2015. Treat All People Living with HIV, Offer Antiretrovirals as Additional Prevention Choice for People at “Substantial” Risk. News release September 30, 2015, Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/hiv-treat-all-recommendation/en/.
-
15.
Vouking ZM, Enoka P, Tamo CV, Tadenfok CN, 2014. Prevalence of intestinal parasites among HIV patients at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J 18: 136.
-
16.
Missaye A, Dagnew M, Alemu A, Alemu A, 2013. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients with pre-ART and on-ART attending dessie hospital ART clinic, northeast Ethiopia. AIDS Res Ther 10: 7.
-
17.
Hotez PJ, Molyneux DH, Fenwick A, Kumaresan J, Ehrlich Sachs S, Sachs JD, Savioli L, 2007. Control of neglected tropical diseases. N Engl J Med 357: 1018–1027.
-
18.
Hotez PJ, Bundy DAP, Beegle K, Brooker S, Drake L, de Silva N, Montresor A, Engels D, Jukes M, Chitsulo L, Chow J, Laxminarayan R, Michaud C, Bethony J, Correa-Oliveira R, Shuhua X, Fenwick A, Savioli L, 2006. Chapter 24. Helminth infections: soil-transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis. Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, Alleyne G, Claeson M, Evans DB, Jha P, Mills A, Musgrove P, eds. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition. Washington, DC: World Bank, 467–482.
-
19.
Savioli L, Smith H, Thompson A, 2006. Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the “neglected diseases initiative.” Trends Parasitol 22: 203–208.
-
20.
Utzinger J, Becker SL, Knopp S, Blum J, Neumayr AL, Keiser J, Hatz CF, 2012. Neglected tropical diseases: diagnosis, clinical management, treatment and control. Swiss Med Wkly 142: w13727.
-
21.
Becker SL, Lohourignon LK, Speich B, Rinaldi L, Knopp S, N’Goran EK, Cringoli G, Utzinger J, 2011. Comparison of the Flotac-400 dual technique and the formalin-ether concentration technique for diagnosis of human intestinal protozoon infection. J Clin Microbiol 49: 2183–2190.
-
22.
Babatunde SK, Salami AK, Fabiyi JP, Agbede OO, Desalu OO, 2010. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in HIV seropositive and seronegative patients in Ilorin. Nigeria Ann Afr Med 9: 123–128.
-
23.
Anane S, Attouchi H, Kaouech E, Belhadj S, Ben Chaabane T, Ben Abdallah N, Ben Othman T, Samoud A, Ben Hriz M, Kallel K, Chaker E, 2010. Caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques de la microsporidiose intestinale chez les immunodéprimés vus à Tunis. Cahier Santé 20: 21–29.
-
24.
Asmuth DM, DeGirolami PC, Federman M, Ezratty CR, Pleskow DK, Desai G, Wanke CA, 1994. Clinical features of microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 18: 819–825.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 382 | 304 | 10 |
| Full Text Views | 575 | 9 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 102 | 6 | 1 |