ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Sow SO et al., 2016. The burden of cryptosporidium diarrheal disease among children < 24 months of age in moderate/high mortality regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, utilizing data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004729.
-
2.
Platts-Mills JA et al., 2015. Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED). Lancet Glob Health 3: e564–e575.
-
3.
Korpe PS et al., 2016. Natural history of cryptosporidiosis in a longitudinal study of slum-dwelling Bangladeshi children: association with severe malnutrition. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004564.
-
4.
Cabada MM, White AC Jr, 2010. Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: do we know what we think we know? Curr Opin Infect Dis 23: 494–499.
-
5.
Sparks H, Nair G, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, White AC Jr, 2015. Treatment of Cryptosporidium: what we know, gaps, and the way forward. Curr Trop Med Rep 2: 181–187.
-
6.
Shoultz DA, de Hostos EL, Choy RK, 2016. Addressing cryptosporidium infection among young children in low-income settings: the crucial role of new and existing drugs for reducing morbidity and mortality. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004242.
-
7.
Checkley W et al., 2015. A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 85–94.
-
8.
Bortner CA, Miller RD, Arnold RR, 1986. Bactericidal effect of lactoferrin on Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 51: 373–377.
-
9.
Conneely OM, 2001. Antiinflammatory activities of lactoferrin. J Am Coll Nutr 20 : 389S–395S; discussion 396S–397S.
-
10.
Aguila A, Herrera AG, Morrison D, Cosgrove B, Perojo A, Montesinos I, Perez J, Sierra G, Gemmell CG, Brock JH, 2001. Bacteriostatic activity of human lactoferrin against Staphylococcus aureus is a function of its iron-binding properties and is not influenced by antibiotic resistance. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 31: 145–152.
-
11.
Pierce A, Legrand D, Mazurier J, 2009. Lactoferrin: a multifunctional protein [in French]. Med Sci (Paris) 25: 361–369.
-
12.
Turchany JM, McCaffery JM, Aley SB, Gillin FD, 1997. Ultrastructural effects of lactoferrin binding on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. J Eukaryot Microbiol 44: 68–72.
-
13.
Ochoa TJ, Cleary TG, 2009. Effect of lactoferrin on enteric pathogens. Biochimie 91: 30–34.
-
14.
Isaacs CE, 2005. Human milk inactivates pathogens individually, additively, and synergistically. J Nutr 135: 1286–1288.
-
15.
Abdel-Hafeez EH, Belal US, Abdellatif MZ, Naoi K, Norose K, 2013. Breast-feeding protects infantile diarrhea caused by intestinal protozoan infections. Korean J Parasitol 51: 519–524.
-
16.
Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Yancey LS, Wang HC, Pantenburg B, Liscum KR, Lewis DE, White AC Jr, 2008. Cryptosporidium infection of human intestinal epithelial cells increases expression of osteoprotegerin: a novel mechanism for evasion of host defenses. J Infect Dis 197: 916–923.
-
17.
Castellanos-Gonzalez A et al., 2013. A novel calcium dependent protein kinase inhibitor as a lead compound for treating cryptosporidiosis. J Infect Dis 208: 1342–1348.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 461 | 381 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 788 | 17 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 173 | 19 | 1 |
Killing of Cryptosporidium sporozoites by Lactoferrin
Jose Luis Paredes
Jose Luis Paredes
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Search for other papers by Jose Luis Paredes in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jose Luis Paredes in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hayley Sparks
Hayley Sparks
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Search for other papers by Hayley Sparks in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hayley Sparks in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
A. Clinton White Jr.
A. Clinton White Jr.
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Search for other papers by A. Clinton White Jr. in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by A. Clinton White Jr. in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Griselle Martinez-Traverso
Griselle Martinez-Traverso
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Search for other papers by Griselle Martinez-Traverso in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Griselle Martinez-Traverso in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Theresa Ochoa
Theresa Ochoa
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
Search for other papers by Theresa Ochoa in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Theresa Ochoa in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alejandro Castellanos-González
Alejandro Castellanos-González
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;
Search for other papers by Alejandro Castellanos-González in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alejandro Castellanos-González in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Intestinal infection caused by Cryptosporidium is a major contributor to diarrhea morbidity and mortality in young children around the world. Current treatments for children suffering from cryptosporidiosis are suboptimal. Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found in breast milk. It has showed bacteriostatic and antimicrobial activity in the intestine. However, the effects of lactoferrin on the intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the anticryptosporidial activity of human lactoferrin on different stages of Cryptosporidium. Physiologic concentrations of lactoferrin killed Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites, but had no significant effect on oocysts viability or parasite intracellular development. Since sporozoites are essential for the infection process, our data reinforce the importance of breastfeeding and point to the potential of lactoferrin as a novel therapeutic agent for cryptosporidiosis.
Author Notes
Authors’ addresses: Jose Luis Paredes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Facultad de Medicina, Medicine, Lima, Peru, E-mail: jose.luis.paredes.s@upch.pe. Hayley Sparks, A. Clinton White Jr., Griselle Martinez-Traverso, and Alejandro Castellanos-González, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mails: h.sparks448@gmail.com, acwhite@utmb.edu, gbmartin@utmb.edu and alcastel@utmb.edu. Theresa Ochoa, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Lima, Peru, and Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, E-mail: theresa.j.ochoa@uth.tmc.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Sow SO et al., 2016. The burden of cryptosporidium diarrheal disease among children < 24 months of age in moderate/high mortality regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, utilizing data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004729.
-
2.
Platts-Mills JA et al., 2015. Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED). Lancet Glob Health 3: e564–e575.
-
3.
Korpe PS et al., 2016. Natural history of cryptosporidiosis in a longitudinal study of slum-dwelling Bangladeshi children: association with severe malnutrition. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004564.
-
4.
Cabada MM, White AC Jr, 2010. Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: do we know what we think we know? Curr Opin Infect Dis 23: 494–499.
-
5.
Sparks H, Nair G, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, White AC Jr, 2015. Treatment of Cryptosporidium: what we know, gaps, and the way forward. Curr Trop Med Rep 2: 181–187.
-
6.
Shoultz DA, de Hostos EL, Choy RK, 2016. Addressing cryptosporidium infection among young children in low-income settings: the crucial role of new and existing drugs for reducing morbidity and mortality. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10: e0004242.
-
7.
Checkley W et al., 2015. A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for cryptosporidium. Lancet Infect Dis 15: 85–94.
-
8.
Bortner CA, Miller RD, Arnold RR, 1986. Bactericidal effect of lactoferrin on Legionella pneumophila. Infect Immun 51: 373–377.
-
9.
Conneely OM, 2001. Antiinflammatory activities of lactoferrin. J Am Coll Nutr 20 : 389S–395S; discussion 396S–397S.
-
10.
Aguila A, Herrera AG, Morrison D, Cosgrove B, Perojo A, Montesinos I, Perez J, Sierra G, Gemmell CG, Brock JH, 2001. Bacteriostatic activity of human lactoferrin against Staphylococcus aureus is a function of its iron-binding properties and is not influenced by antibiotic resistance. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 31: 145–152.
-
11.
Pierce A, Legrand D, Mazurier J, 2009. Lactoferrin: a multifunctional protein [in French]. Med Sci (Paris) 25: 361–369.
-
12.
Turchany JM, McCaffery JM, Aley SB, Gillin FD, 1997. Ultrastructural effects of lactoferrin binding on Giardia lamblia trophozoites. J Eukaryot Microbiol 44: 68–72.
-
13.
Ochoa TJ, Cleary TG, 2009. Effect of lactoferrin on enteric pathogens. Biochimie 91: 30–34.
-
14.
Isaacs CE, 2005. Human milk inactivates pathogens individually, additively, and synergistically. J Nutr 135: 1286–1288.
-
15.
Abdel-Hafeez EH, Belal US, Abdellatif MZ, Naoi K, Norose K, 2013. Breast-feeding protects infantile diarrhea caused by intestinal protozoan infections. Korean J Parasitol 51: 519–524.
-
16.
Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Yancey LS, Wang HC, Pantenburg B, Liscum KR, Lewis DE, White AC Jr, 2008. Cryptosporidium infection of human intestinal epithelial cells increases expression of osteoprotegerin: a novel mechanism for evasion of host defenses. J Infect Dis 197: 916–923.
-
17.
Castellanos-Gonzalez A et al., 2013. A novel calcium dependent protein kinase inhibitor as a lead compound for treating cryptosporidiosis. J Infect Dis 208: 1342–1348.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 461 | 381 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 788 | 17 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 173 | 19 | 1 |