Miranda Franco R, Casta Velez A, 1997. Eradication of malaria in Puerto Rico [in Spanish]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2: 146–150.
Emilio Dirlikov et al., 2016. Notes from the field: imported cases of malaria—Puerto Rico, July–October 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 2.
Vinayak S et al., 2010. Origin and evolution of sulfadoxine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog 6: e1000830.
Griffing S et al., 2010. pfmdr1 amplification and fixation of pfcrt chloroquine resistance alleles in Plasmodium falciparum in Venezuela. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 1572–1579.
Chenet SM et al., 2016. Independent emergence of the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch Propeller Domain Mutant Allele C580Y in Guyana. J Infect Dis 213: 1472–1475.
Price RN et al., 2004. Mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and increased pfmdr1 gene copy number. Lancet 364: 438–447.
Anderson TJ, Su XZ, Bockarie M, Lagog M, Day KP, 1999. Twelve microsatellite markers for characterization of Plasmodium falciparum from finger-prick blood samples. Parasitology 119: 113–125.
McCollum AM et al., 2012. Differences in selective pressure on dhps and dhfr drug resistant mutations in western Kenya. Malar J 11: 77.
Morton LC et al., 2016. Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistant haplotypes and population structure in postearthquake Haiti, 2010. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 811–816.
Akinyi S et al., 2013. Multiple genetic origins of histidine-rich protein 2 gene deletion in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from Peru. Sci Rep 3: 2797 10.1038/srep02797.
Dorado EJ et al., 2016. Genetic characterisation of Plasmodium falciparum isolates with deletion of the pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 genes in Colombia: The Amazon Region, a challenge for malaria diagnosis and control. Snounou G, ed. PLoS One 11: e0163137.
Clinton Health Access Initiative Haiti MSPP/Programme National de Lutte Contre la Malaria and UCSF Global Health Group, 2013. The Feasibility Of Malaria Elimination On The Island Of Hispaniola, With A Focus On Haiti: An Assessment Conducted January–June 2013. Available at: http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/sites/globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/files/pub/mei-malaria-elimination-haiti.pdf. Accessed August 2, 2017.
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The Caribbean island of Hispaniola is targeted for malaria elimination. Currently, this is the only island with ongoing transmission of malaria in the Caribbean. In 2015, six patients from Puerto Rico and one from Massachusetts, who traveled to Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, were confirmed to be infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Additional molecular analysis was performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to characterize the drug-resistant alleles and Plasmodium population genetic markers. All specimens carried wildtype genotypes for chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and artemisinin resistance genetic markers. A mutation in codon 184 (Y/F) of Pfmdr-1 gene was observed in all samples and they shared an identical genetic lineage as determined by microsatellite analysis. This genetic profile was similar to one previously reported from Hispaniola suggesting that a clonal P. falciparum residual parasite population present in Punta Cana is the source population for these imported malaria cases.
Financial support: This work was supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and by the Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group. Stella M. Chenet was supported by the American Society of Microbiology/CDC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship.
Authors’ addresses: Stella M. Chenet, Naomi W. Lucchi, Kimberly Mace, Paul M. Arguin, and Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Center for Global Health/Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: schenet@asu.edu, frd9@cdc.gov, igd3@cdc.gov, pma0@cdc.gov, and vxu0@cdc.gov. Luciana Silva-Flannery and Dragan Ljolje, Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, GA, E-mails: vva3@cdc.gov and wou3@cdc.gov. Emilio Dirlikov, Puerto Rico Department of Health, San Juan, Puerto Rico, Office of Epidemiology and Research, San Jose, Pueto Rico, and Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: klt9@cdc.gov. Brenda Rivera-García, Puerto Rico Department of Health, Epidemiology and Research Office, San Juan, Puerto Rico, E-mail: brendarivera@salud.pr.gov.
Miranda Franco R, Casta Velez A, 1997. Eradication of malaria in Puerto Rico [in Spanish]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2: 146–150.
Emilio Dirlikov et al., 2016. Notes from the field: imported cases of malaria—Puerto Rico, July–October 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65: 2.
Vinayak S et al., 2010. Origin and evolution of sulfadoxine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog 6: e1000830.
Griffing S et al., 2010. pfmdr1 amplification and fixation of pfcrt chloroquine resistance alleles in Plasmodium falciparum in Venezuela. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 1572–1579.
Chenet SM et al., 2016. Independent emergence of the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch Propeller Domain Mutant Allele C580Y in Guyana. J Infect Dis 213: 1472–1475.
Price RN et al., 2004. Mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and increased pfmdr1 gene copy number. Lancet 364: 438–447.
Anderson TJ, Su XZ, Bockarie M, Lagog M, Day KP, 1999. Twelve microsatellite markers for characterization of Plasmodium falciparum from finger-prick blood samples. Parasitology 119: 113–125.
McCollum AM et al., 2012. Differences in selective pressure on dhps and dhfr drug resistant mutations in western Kenya. Malar J 11: 77.
Morton LC et al., 2016. Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistant haplotypes and population structure in postearthquake Haiti, 2010. Am J Trop Med Hyg 95: 811–816.
Akinyi S et al., 2013. Multiple genetic origins of histidine-rich protein 2 gene deletion in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from Peru. Sci Rep 3: 2797 10.1038/srep02797.
Dorado EJ et al., 2016. Genetic characterisation of Plasmodium falciparum isolates with deletion of the pfhrp2 and/or pfhrp3 genes in Colombia: The Amazon Region, a challenge for malaria diagnosis and control. Snounou G, ed. PLoS One 11: e0163137.
Clinton Health Access Initiative Haiti MSPP/Programme National de Lutte Contre la Malaria and UCSF Global Health Group, 2013. The Feasibility Of Malaria Elimination On The Island Of Hispaniola, With A Focus On Haiti: An Assessment Conducted January–June 2013. Available at: http://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/sites/globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/files/pub/mei-malaria-elimination-haiti.pdf. Accessed August 2, 2017.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 467 | 402 | 18 |
Full Text Views | 449 | 11 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 122 | 6 | 0 |