Schistosomiasis in European Travelers and Migrants: Analysis of 14 Years TropNet Surveillance Data

Tilman Lingscheid Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;

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Florian Kurth Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;

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Jan Clerinx Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;

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Stefania Marocco Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale S. Cuore, Negrar, Verona, Italy;

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Begoña Trevino Tropical Medicine and International Health Unit, Hospital Vall d’Hebron Drassanes, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;

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Mirjam Schunk Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany;

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José Muñoz ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;

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Ida E. Gjørup Infectious Diseases Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;

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Tomas Jelinek Berlin Centre for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany;

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Michel Develoux Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France;

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Graham Fry Tropical Medical Bureau, Dublin, Ireland;

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Thomas Jänisch Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heideberg, Heidelberg, Germany;

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Matthias L. Schmid Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;

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Olivier Bouchaud Consultation de médecine tropicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France;

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Sabino Puente Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;

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Lorenzo Zammarchi Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;

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Kristine Mørch Department of Medicine, National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;

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Anders Björkman Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;

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Heli Siikamäki Inflammation Centre, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;

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Andreas Neumayr Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;

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Henrik Nielsen Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;

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Urban Hellgren Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;

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Malgorzata Paul Department and Clinic of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;

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Guido Calleri Travel Medicine Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital-ASLTO2, Turin, Italy;

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Pavel Kosina Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;

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Bjørn Myrvang Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway;

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José M. Ramos Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain;

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Gudrun Just-Nübling Department of Internal Medicine II, Section Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Main, Germany;

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Anna Beltrame Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale S. Cuore, Negrar, Verona, Italy;
Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Udine, Udine, Italy;

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José Saraiva da Cunha Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;

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Peter Kern Department of Internal Medicine III, Comprehensive Infectious Diseases Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany;

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Laurence Rochat Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, Travel Clinic, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland;

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August Stich Abteilung Tropenmedizin, Missionsärztliche Klinik, Würzburg, Germany;

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Peter Pongratz Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany;

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Martin P. Grobusch Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

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Norbert Suttorp Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;

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Martin Witzenrath Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;

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Christoph Hatz Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;
Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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Thomas Zoller Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;

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TropNet Schistosomiasis Investigator Group Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;
Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale S. Cuore, Negrar, Verona, Italy;
Tropical Medicine and International Health Unit, Hospital Vall d’Hebron Drassanes, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany;
ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;
Infectious Diseases Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark;
Berlin Centre for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany;
Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France;
Tropical Medical Bureau, Dublin, Ireland;
Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heideberg, Heidelberg, Germany;
Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;
Consultation de médecine tropicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France;
Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;
Department of Medicine, National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;
Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
Inflammation Centre, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;
Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark;
Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
Department and Clinic of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland;
Travel Medicine Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital-ASLTO2, Turin, Italy;
Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway;
Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain;
Department of Internal Medicine II, Section Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Main, Germany;
Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Udine, Udine, Italy;
Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;
Department of Internal Medicine III, Comprehensive Infectious Diseases Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany;
Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, Travel Clinic, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland;
Abteilung Tropenmedizin, Missionsärztliche Klinik, Würzburg, Germany;
Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany;
Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0034
Volume/Issue:
Volume 97: Issue 2
Page(s):
567–574
Restricted access
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Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases worldwide and the infection is frequently found in travelers and migrants. The European Network for Tropical Medicine and Travel Health conducted a sentinel surveillance study on imported schistosomiasis between 1997 and 2010. This report summarizes epidemiological and clinical data from 1,465 cases of imported schistosomiasis. Direct pathogen detection and serology were the main diagnostic tools applied. Of these, 486 (33%) cases were identified among European travelers, 231 (16%) among long-term expatriates, and 748 (51%) among non-European immigrants. Overall, only 18.6% of travelers had received pretravel advice; 95% of infections were acquired in the African region. On species level, Schistosoma mansoni was identified in 570 (39%) and Schistosoma haematobium in 318 (22%) cases; 57.5% of patients were symptomatic. Acute symptoms were reported in 27% of patients leading to earlier presentation within 3 months. Praziquantel was used in all patients to treat schistosomiasis. Many infections were detected in asymptomatic patients. In 47.4% of asymptomatic patients infection was detected by microscopy and in 39% by serology or antigen testing. Schistosomiasis remains a frequent infection in travelers and migrants to Europe. Travelers should be made aware of the risk of schistosomiasis infection when traveling to sub-Saharan Africa. Posttravel consultations particularly for returning expatriates are useful given the high potential for detecting asymptomatic infections.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Tilman Lingscheid, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin. E-mail: tilman.lingscheid@charite.de

Authors’ addresses: Tilman Lingscheid, Florian Kurth, Norbert Suttorp, and Martin Witzenrath, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, E-mails: tilman.lingscheid@charite.de, florian.kurth@charite.de, norbert.suttorp@charite.de, and martin.witzenrath@charite.de. Jan Clerinx, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: jclerinx@itg.be. Stefania Marocco, Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale S. Cuore, Verona, Italy, E-mail: stefania.marocco@sacrocuore.it. Begoña Trevino, Tropical Medicine and International Health Unit, Hospital Vall d’Hebron Drassanes, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, E-mail: btrevino.bcn.ics@gencat.cat. Mirjam Schunk, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Centre of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany, E-mail: schunk@lrz.uni-muenchen.de. José Muñoz, ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, E-mail: jose.munoz@isglobal.org. Ida E. Gjørup, Infectious Diseases Unit, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, E-mail: ida.elisabeth.gjoerup.skinhoej@regionh.dk. Tomas Jelinek, Berlin Centre for Travel and Tropical Medicine, Berlin, Germany, E-mail: jelinek@bcrt.de. Michel Develoux, Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France, E-mail: micheldeveloux@yahoo.fr. Graham Fry, Tropical Medical Bureau, Dublin, Ireland, E-mail: graham.fry@tmb.ie. Thomas Jänisch, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heideberg, Heidelberg, Germany, E-mail: thomas.jaenisch@urz.uni-heidelberg.de. Matthias L. Schmid, Department of Infection & Tropical Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, E-mail: matthias.schmid@nuth.nhs.uk. Olivier Bouchaud, Consultation de médecine tropicale, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France, E-mail: olivier.bouchaud@avc.aphp.fr. Sabino Puente, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, E-mail: sabinopuente@gmail.com. Lorenzo Zammarchi, Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy, E-mail: lorezammarchi@gmail.com. Kristine Mørch, Department of Medicine, National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway, E-mail: kristine.morch@helse-bergen.no. Anders Björkman, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, E-mail: anders.bjorkman@ki.se. Heli Siikamäki, Inflammation Centre, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, E-mail: heli.siikamaki@hus.fi. Andreas Neumayr, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, E-mail: andreas.neumayr@unibas.ch. Henrik Nielsen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, E-mail: henrik.nielsen@rn.dk. Urban Hellgren, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, E-mail: urban.hellgren@karolinska.se. Malgorzata Paul, Department and Clinic of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, E-mail: mpaul@ump.edu.pl. Guido Calleri, Travel Medicine Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital-ASLTO2, Turin, Italy, E-mail: guido.calleri@aslto2.piemonte.it. Pavel Kosina, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, E-mail: kosinap@lfhk.cuni.cz. Bjørn Myrvang, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway, E-mail: Uxbjmy@ous-hf.no. José M. Ramos, Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Spain, E-mail: jramosrincon@yahoo.es. Gudrun Just-Nübling, Department of Internal Medicine II, Section Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt,Main, Germany, E-mail: just-nuebling@em.uni-frankfurt.de. Anna Beltrame, Centro per le Malattie Tropicali, Ospedale S. Cuore, Negrar, Verona, Italy, and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, E-mail: beltrame.anna@aoud.sanita.fvg.it. José Saraiva da Cunha, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, E-mail: saraiva@huc.min-saude.pt. Peter Kern, Department of Internal Medicine III, Comprehensive Infectious Diseases Center, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany, E-mail: peter.kern@uni-ulm.de. Laurence Rochat, Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, Travel Clinic, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland, E-mail: laurence.rochat@hospvd.ch. August Stich, Abteilung Tropenmedizin, Missionsärztliche Klinik, Würzburg, Germany, E-mail: august.stich@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de. Peter Pongratz, Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany, E-mail: ppongratz1@me.com. Martin P. Grobusch, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mail: m.p.grobusch@amc.uva.nl. Christoph Hatz, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, E-mail: christoph.hatz@unibas.ch. Thomas Zoller, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, E-mail: thomas.zoller@charite.de.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2017
Received:
14 Jan 2017
|
Accepted:
30 Mar 2017
|
Published Online:
30 May 2017
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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