Extensive Resistance of Anopheles sinensis to Insecticides in Malaria-Endemic Areas of Hainan Province, China

Ding-wei Sun Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China

Search for other papers by Ding-wei Sun in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Guang-ze Wang Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China

Search for other papers by Guang-ze Wang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Lin-hai Zeng Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China

Search for other papers by Lin-hai Zeng in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Shan-gan Li Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China

Search for other papers by Shan-gan Li in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Chang-hua He Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China

Search for other papers by Chang-hua He in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
,
Xi-min Hu Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China

Search for other papers by Xi-min Hu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
, and
Shan-qing Wang Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China

Search for other papers by Shan-qing Wang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
Restricted access

Anopheles sinensis is one of the major malaria vectors and among the dominant species in Hainan Province, China. The resistance of An. sinensis to insecticides is an important threat to malaria control. However, few reports on insecticide resistance of An. sinensis were reported in this area. Eight districts in Hainan Province were selected as the study areas. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were tested on wild-caught female mosquitoes of An. sinensis to 4% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 0.05% deltamethrin, and 5% malathion by using the World Health Organization standard resistance tube assay procedure. All the tested An. sinensis mosquitoes demonstrated resistance to 4% DDT, with less than 72% mortality in the standard assay. The populations from Baisha and Qiongzhong demonstrated possible resistance to 0.05% deltamethrin, with 94–95% mortality, whereas the populations from other districts demonstrated resistance to 0.05% deltamethrin in the standard assay. The populations from Baisha, Qiongzhong, and Dongfang demonstrated susceptibility to 5% malathion, but the populations from other districts demonstrated resistance. These results facilitate the improvement of effective control strategies for malaria vector mosquitoes in Hainan.

Author Notes

Address correspondence to Xi-min Hu or Shan-qing Wang, Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haifu Road 44, Haikou, Hainan Province 570203, People’s Republic of China. E-mails: hxm.168@163.com or wangsqkevin@hotmail.com
These authors contributed equally to this work.

Financial support: This work has been supported by National Natural Science Funds of China 81460520, and Provincial Natural Science Funds of Hainan 813251, 309074.

Authors’ addresses: Ding-wei Sun, Guang-ze Wang, Lin-hai Zeng, Shan-gan Li, Chang-hua He, Xi-min Hu, and Shan-qing Wang, Department of Parasitic Control and Prevention, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, People’s Republic of China, E-mails: sdw_bmjc@163.com, wangguangze63@126.com, hnzlh09@163.com, lishgan@163.com, hechanghua2006@126.com, hxm.168@163.com, and wangsqkevin@hotmail.com.

  • 1.

    Sheng H, Zhou S, Gu Z, Zheng X, 2003. Malaria situation in the People’s Republic of China in 2002. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis 21: 193196.

  • 2.

    Sun DW, Wang F, Wang SQ, Hu XM, Wang GZ, Zeng LH, Li SG, Cai HL, Lin SX, Liu Y, 2012. Distribution of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in five cities/counties of Hainan Province. China Trop Med 12: 160162.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 3.

    Bortel VW, Trung HD, Thuanle K, Sochantha T, Socheat D, Sumrandee C, Baimai V, Keokenchanh K, Samlane P, Roelants P, Denis L, Verhaeghen K, Obsomer V, Coosemans M, 2008. The insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors in the Mekong region. Malar J 7: 102.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 4.

    Sun DW, Du JW, Wang GZ, Li YC, He CH, Xue RD, Wang SQ, Hu XM, 2015. A Cost-effectiveness analysis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination in Hainan Province, 2002–2012. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 12401248.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 5.

    Cai XZ, 2009. Residual spraying of DDT to be an effectively interventional measure in malaria control. China Trop Med 9: 19571960.

  • 6.

    Cai XZ, 1993. Anti-malaria in Hainan from 1952–1992. Hainan Med 4: 1–3, 6263.

  • 7.

    Dai YH, Huang XD, Cheng P, Liu LJ, Wang HF, Qang HW, Kou JX, 2015. Development of insecticide resistance in malaria vector Anopheles sinensis populations from Shandong Province in China. Malar J 14: 62.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 8.

    Ministry of Health Disease Prevention and Control Bureau, 2007: Handbook for Malaria Control and Prevention. Beijing, China: People’s Hygiene Publishing House Press, 6370.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9.

    World Health Organization, 2013: Test Procedures for Insecticide Resistance Monitoring in Malaria Vector Mosquitoes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 10.

    Miller TA, 1988. Mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Parasitol Today 4: 813.

  • 11.

    Etang J, Manga L, Chandre F, Guillet P, Fondjo E, Mimpfoundi R, Toto JC, Fontenille D, 2003. Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Republic of Cameroon. J Med Entomol 40: 491497.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 12.

    Etang J, Fondjo E, Chandre F, Eorlais I, Brengues C, Nwane P, Chouaibou M, Ndjemal H, Simard F, 2006. First report of knockdown mutations in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae from Cameroon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 795797.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13.

    Nwane P, Etang J, Chouaibou M, Toto JC, Kerah-Hinzoumbé C, Mimpfoundi R, Awono-Ambene HP, Simard F, 2009. Trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from urban and agro-industrial settings in southern Cameroon. BMC Infect Dis 9: 163.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14.

    Abdalla H, Matambo TS, Koekemoer LL, 2008. Insecticide susceptibility and vector status of natural populations of Anopheles arabiensis from Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 263271.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15.

    Wang DQ, Xia ZG, Zhou SS, Zhou XN, Wang RB, Zhang QF, 2013. A potential threat to malaria elimination: extensive deltamethrin and DDT resistance to Anopheles sinensis from the malaria-endemic areas in China. Malar J 12: 164.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 16.

    Perera MDB, Hemingway J, Karunaratne SHPP, 2008. Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in Sri Lanka. Malar J 7: 168.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 17.

    Mzilahowa T, Ball AJ, Bass C, Morgan JC, Nyoni B, Steen K, Donnelly MJ, Wilding CS, 2008. Reduced susceptibility to DDT in field populations of Anopheles quadriannulatus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi: evidence for larval selection. Med Vet Entomol 22: 258263.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18.

    Diabate A, Baldet T, Chandre F, Akogbeto M, Guiguemde TR, Darriet F, Brengues C, Guillet P, Hemingway J, Small GJ, Hougard JM, 2002. The role of agricultural use of insecticide in resistance to pyrethroids in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Burkina Faso. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 617622.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 19.

    Hua XM, Shan ZJ, 1996. The production and application of pesticides and factor analysis of their pollution in environment in China. Adv Environ Sci 4: 3345.

  • 20.

    Hemingway J, Hawkes NJ, McCarroll L, Ranson H, 2004. The molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 34: 653665.

  • 21.

    Qin Q, Li J, Zhong D, Zhou N, Chang X, Li C, Cui L, Yan G, Chen X, 2014. Insecticide resistance of Anopheles sinensis and An. vagus in Hainan Island, a malaria-endemic area of China. Parasit Vectors 7: 92.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22.

    Zeng LH, Wang SQ, Sun DW, Zhao W, Li SG, Yang X, 2011. Resistance assay of malaria vector to four kinds of common insecticides in some endemic areas of Hainan Province. Chin J Parasitol Parasit Dis 29: 200203.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23.

    Utzinger J, Tozan Y, Singer BH, 2001. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of environmental management for malaria control. Trop Med Int Health 6: 677687.

  • 24.

    Yang W, Xu GJ, Chen HL, Yan JC, Feng SZ, Liu SP, Xu ZZ, 2003. Investigation of impact of the ecologic environmental and social economic factors on malaria in areas with Anopheles anthropophagus as vector in Sichuan. China Trop Med 3: 8688.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 25.

    Ogoma SB, Kannady K, Sikulu M, Chaki PP, Govella NJ, Mukabana WR, Killeen GF, 2009. Window screening, ceilings and closed eaves as sustainable ways to control malaria in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Malar J 8: 221.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 26.

    Blanford S, Jenkins NE, Christian R, Chan BHK, Nardini L, Osae M, Koekemoer L, Coetzee M, Read AF, Thomas MB, 2012. Storage and persistence of a candidate fungal biopesticide for use against adult malaria vectors. Malar J 11: 354.

    • PubMed
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27.

    Fu MY, Wang Y, Yu SS, Zhong M, Ai GP, Zhao Q, 2014. Killing effect of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis on larvae of Anopheles stephensi. China Trop Med 14: 10311034.

  • 28.

    Wilke ABB, Marrelli MT, 2015. Paratransgenesis: a promising new strategy for mosquito vector control. Parasit Vectors 8: 342.

Past two years Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 2605 2434 56
Full Text Views 395 7 0
PDF Downloads 117 9 0
 

 

 

 
 
Affiliate Membership Banner
 
 
Research for Health Information Banner
 
 
CLOCKSS
 
 
 
Society Publishers Coalition Banner
Save