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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Budke CM, Deplazes P, Torgerson PR, 2006. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 296–303.
-
2.
Craig P, Budke C, Schantz P, Li T, Qiu J, Yang Y, Zeyhle E, Togan M, Ito A, 2007. Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease? Trop Med Health 35: 283–292.
-
3.
Martinez P, 2014. Characterization of human hydatidosis mortality: Chile, 2000–2010 [in Spanish]. Rev Chilena Infectol 31: 7–15.
-
4.
Moro PL, Budke CM, Schantz PM, Vasquez J, Santivanez SJ, Villavicencio J, 2011. Economic impact of cystic echinococcosis in Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1179.
-
5.
Gavidia CM, Gonzalez AE, Zhang W, McManus DP, Lopera L, Ninaquispe B, Garcia HH, Rodriguez S, Verastegui M, Calderon C, Pan WK, Gilman RH, 2008. Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis, central Peruvian Highlands. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 260–266.
-
6.
Moro PL, Bonifacio N, Gilman RH, Lopera L, Silva B, Takumoto R, Verastegui M, Cabrera L, 1999. Field diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection among intermediate and definitive hosts in an endemic focus of human cystic echinococcosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93: 611–615.
-
7.
Moro PL, Garcia HH, Gonzales AE, Bonilla JJ, Verastegui M, Gilman RH, 2005. Screening for cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of Peru using portable ultrasonography and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Parasitol Res 96: 242–246.
-
8.
Moro PL, McDonald J, Gilman RH, Silva B, Verastegui M, Malqui V, Lescano G, Falcon N, Montes G, Bazalar H, 1997. Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus infection in the central Peruvian Andes. Bull World Health Organ 75: 553–561.
-
9.
Santivanez SJ, Naquira C, Gavidia CM, Tello L, Hernandez E, Brunetti E, Kachani M, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, 2010. Household factors associated with the presence of human hydatid disease in three rural communities of Junin, Peru [in Spanish]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 27: 498–505.
-
10.
Romani EL, Rodrigues-Silva R, Maldonado A Jr, Machado-Silva JR, Gomes DC, 2006. Notes on human cases of cystic echinococcosis in Peru. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101: 335–337.
-
11.
Sanchez E, Caceres O, Naquira C, Garcia D, Patino G, Silvia H, Volotao AC, Fernandes O, 2010. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from Peru by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 105: 806–810.
-
12.
INEI-Peru. Available at: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1261/Libro.pdf. Accessed August 2016.
-
13.
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA; Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE, 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
-
14.
Beard TC, 1978. Evidence that a hydatid cyst is seldom “as old as the patient.” Lancet 2: 30–32.
-
15.
Hosch W, Junghanss T, Stojkovic M, Brunetti E, Heye T, Kauffmann GW, Hull WE, 2008. Metabolic viability assessment of cystic echinococcosis using high-field 1H MRS of cyst contents. NMR Biomed 21: 734–754.
-
16.
Piccoli L, Tamarozzi F, Cattaneo F, Mariconti M, Filice C, Bruno A, Brunetti E, 2014. Long-term sonographic and serological follow-up of inactive echinococcal cysts of the liver: hints for a “watch-and-wait” approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3057.
-
17.
Guarnera EA, Parra A, Kamenetzky L, Garcia G, Gutierrez A, 2004. Cystic echinococcosis in Argentina: evolution of metacestode and clinical expression in various Echinococcus granulosus strains. Acta Trop 92: 153–159.
-
18.
Li T, Ito A, Pengcuo R, Sako Y, Chen X, Qiu D, Xiao N, Craig PS, 2011. Post-treatment follow-up study of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in Tibetan communities of north west Sichuan Province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1364.
-
19.
Chebli H, Laamrani El Idrissi A, Benazzouz M, Lmimouni BE, Nhammi H, Elbandouni M, Youbi M, Afifi R, Tahiri S, Essayd El Feydi A, Settaf A, Tinelli C, De Silvestri A, Bouhout S, Abela-Ridder A, Magnino S, Brunetti E, Filice C, Tamarozzi F, 2017. Human cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: ultrasound screening in the Mid Atlas through an Italian-Moroccan partnership. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005384.
-
20.
Larrieu E, Del Carpio M, Salvitti JC, Mercapide C, Sustersic J, Panomarenko H, Costa M, Bigatti R, Labanchi J, Herrero E, Cantoni G, Perez A, Odriozola M, 2004. Ultrasonographic diagnosis and medical treatment of human cystic echinococcosis in asymptomatic school age carriers: 5 years of follow-up. Acta Trop 91: 5–13.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 2061 | 1737 | 61 |
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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Human Cystic Echinococcosis in the Cusco Region of the Peruvian Highlands Diagnosed Using Focused Abdominal Ultrasound
Francesca Tamarozzi
Francesca Tamarozzi
Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.
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WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.
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Amy Hou
Amy Hou
Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Maria Luisa Morales
Maria Luisa Morales
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center in Cusco, Cusco, Peru.
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Maria Teresa Giordani
Maria Teresa Giordani
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
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Freddy Vilca
Freddy Vilca
Hospital Alfredo Callo Rodriguez de Sicuani, Cusco, Peru.
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Karen Mozo
Karen Mozo
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center in Cusco, Cusco, Peru.
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Ruben Bascope
Ruben Bascope
Programa de Control de Enfermedades Zoonoticas, Direccion Regional de Salud Cusco, Cusco, Peru.
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A. Clinton White
A. Clinton White
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Enrico Brunetti
Enrico Brunetti
Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.
Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy.
Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Lin Chen
Lin Chen
Travel Medicine Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Miguel M. Cabada
Miguel M. Cabada
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center in Cusco, Cusco, Peru.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Latin America is among the highly endemic regions for cystic echinococcosis (CE). In Peru, an estimated 1,139 disability-adjusted life years are lost annually from surgical treatment of CE. This is comparable with the combined total for Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Chile. The prevalence of human infection has been investigated in the central Peruvian Andes, but there are no community-based screening data from other regions of Peru. We carried out a population survey in January 2015 using abdominal ultrasound to estimate the prevalence of abdominal CE in the Canas and Canchis provinces, in the Cusco region of Peru. Among 1,351 subjects screened, 41 (3%) had CE. There was significant variation between communities with similar socioeconomic features in a small geographical area. A history of CE was reported by 4.1% of the screened subjects, among whom 30.3% still had CE on ultrasound. Among patients reporting previous CE treatment, 14.9% had CE in active stages. Limited education, community of residence, and knowing people with CE in the community were associated with CE. These results demonstrate a significant burden of CE in the region and suggest the need for further investigations, control activities, and optimization of clinical management for CE in this area.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center, Cusco, Peru; Zoonotic Diseases Office, Direccion Regional de Salud del Cusco, Cusco, Peru; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; and the Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA.
Authors' addresses: Francesca Tamarozzi, Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, and WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy, E-mail: f_tamarozzi@yahoo.com. Amy Hou, Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: ahou@mah.harvard.edu. Maria Luisa Morales and Karen Mozo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center in Cusco, Cusco, Peru, E-mail: malu.morales.fernandez@gmail.com and karenzit@hotmail.com. Maria Teresa Giordani, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy, E-mail: giordanimt@gmail.com. Freddy Vilca, Hospital Alfredo Callo Rodriguez de Sicuani, Cusco, Peru. Ruben Bascope, Programa de Control de Enfermedades Zoonoticas, Direccion Regional de Salud Cusco, Cusco, Peru, E-mail: bascopeq@gmail.com. A. Clinton White, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mail: acwhite@utmb.edu. Enrico Brunetti, Department of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis, Pavia, Italy, and Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy, E-mail: enrico.brunetti@unipv.it. Lin Chen, Travel Medicine Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, E-mails: lchen@hms.harvard.edu. Miguel M. Cabada, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, and Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and University of Texas Medical Branch Collaborative Research Center in Cusco, Cusco, Peru, E-mail: micabada@utmb.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Budke CM, Deplazes P, Torgerson PR, 2006. Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 296–303.
-
2.
Craig P, Budke C, Schantz P, Li T, Qiu J, Yang Y, Zeyhle E, Togan M, Ito A, 2007. Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease? Trop Med Health 35: 283–292.
-
3.
Martinez P, 2014. Characterization of human hydatidosis mortality: Chile, 2000–2010 [in Spanish]. Rev Chilena Infectol 31: 7–15.
-
4.
Moro PL, Budke CM, Schantz PM, Vasquez J, Santivanez SJ, Villavicencio J, 2011. Economic impact of cystic echinococcosis in Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1179.
-
5.
Gavidia CM, Gonzalez AE, Zhang W, McManus DP, Lopera L, Ninaquispe B, Garcia HH, Rodriguez S, Verastegui M, Calderon C, Pan WK, Gilman RH, 2008. Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis, central Peruvian Highlands. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 260–266.
-
6.
Moro PL, Bonifacio N, Gilman RH, Lopera L, Silva B, Takumoto R, Verastegui M, Cabrera L, 1999. Field diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection among intermediate and definitive hosts in an endemic focus of human cystic echinococcosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93: 611–615.
-
7.
Moro PL, Garcia HH, Gonzales AE, Bonilla JJ, Verastegui M, Gilman RH, 2005. Screening for cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of Peru using portable ultrasonography and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. Parasitol Res 96: 242–246.
-
8.
Moro PL, McDonald J, Gilman RH, Silva B, Verastegui M, Malqui V, Lescano G, Falcon N, Montes G, Bazalar H, 1997. Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus infection in the central Peruvian Andes. Bull World Health Organ 75: 553–561.
-
9.
Santivanez SJ, Naquira C, Gavidia CM, Tello L, Hernandez E, Brunetti E, Kachani M, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, 2010. Household factors associated with the presence of human hydatid disease in three rural communities of Junin, Peru [in Spanish]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 27: 498–505.
-
10.
Romani EL, Rodrigues-Silva R, Maldonado A Jr, Machado-Silva JR, Gomes DC, 2006. Notes on human cases of cystic echinococcosis in Peru. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101: 335–337.
-
11.
Sanchez E, Caceres O, Naquira C, Garcia D, Patino G, Silvia H, Volotao AC, Fernandes O, 2010. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus from Peru by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 gene. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 105: 806–810.
-
12.
INEI-Peru. Available at: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1261/Libro.pdf. Accessed August 2016.
-
13.
Brunetti E, Kern P, Vuitton DA; Writing Panel for the WHO-IWGE, 2010. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans. Acta Trop 114: 1–16.
-
14.
Beard TC, 1978. Evidence that a hydatid cyst is seldom “as old as the patient.” Lancet 2: 30–32.
-
15.
Hosch W, Junghanss T, Stojkovic M, Brunetti E, Heye T, Kauffmann GW, Hull WE, 2008. Metabolic viability assessment of cystic echinococcosis using high-field 1H MRS of cyst contents. NMR Biomed 21: 734–754.
-
16.
Piccoli L, Tamarozzi F, Cattaneo F, Mariconti M, Filice C, Bruno A, Brunetti E, 2014. Long-term sonographic and serological follow-up of inactive echinococcal cysts of the liver: hints for a “watch-and-wait” approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3057.
-
17.
Guarnera EA, Parra A, Kamenetzky L, Garcia G, Gutierrez A, 2004. Cystic echinococcosis in Argentina: evolution of metacestode and clinical expression in various Echinococcus granulosus strains. Acta Trop 92: 153–159.
-
18.
Li T, Ito A, Pengcuo R, Sako Y, Chen X, Qiu D, Xiao N, Craig PS, 2011. Post-treatment follow-up study of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in Tibetan communities of north west Sichuan Province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1364.
-
19.
Chebli H, Laamrani El Idrissi A, Benazzouz M, Lmimouni BE, Nhammi H, Elbandouni M, Youbi M, Afifi R, Tahiri S, Essayd El Feydi A, Settaf A, Tinelli C, De Silvestri A, Bouhout S, Abela-Ridder A, Magnino S, Brunetti E, Filice C, Tamarozzi F, 2017. Human cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: ultrasound screening in the Mid Atlas through an Italian-Moroccan partnership. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11: e0005384.
-
20.
Larrieu E, Del Carpio M, Salvitti JC, Mercapide C, Sustersic J, Panomarenko H, Costa M, Bigatti R, Labanchi J, Herrero E, Cantoni G, Perez A, Odriozola M, 2004. Ultrasonographic diagnosis and medical treatment of human cystic echinococcosis in asymptomatic school age carriers: 5 years of follow-up. Acta Trop 91: 5–13.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2061 | 1737 | 61 |
| Full Text Views | 454 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 183 | 10 | 0 |