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Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins During Uncomplicated Malaria: A Cohort Study in Lambaréné, Gabon
Benjamin J. Visser
Benjamin J. Visser
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Sophia G. de Vries
Sophia G. de Vries
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Rieke Vingerling
Rieke Vingerling
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Martin Gritter
Martin Gritter
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Danielle Kroon
Danielle Kroon
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Lídia Ciudad Aguilar
Lídia Ciudad Aguilar
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
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Rik B. J. Kraan
Rik B. J. Kraan
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rosanne W. Wieten
Rosanne W. Wieten
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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François Danion
François Danion
Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Barbara Sjouke
Barbara Sjouke
Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Akim A. Adegnika
Akim A. Adegnika
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Selidji T. Agnandji
Selidji T. Agnandji
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Peter G. Kremsner
Peter G. Kremsner
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Thomas Hänscheid
Thomas Hänscheid
Instituto de Medicina Molecular and Department of Microbiology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Petra F. Mens
Petra F. Mens
Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Michèle van Vugt
Michèle van Vugt
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Martin P. Grobusch
Martin P. Grobusch
Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon.
Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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The serum lipid profile in malaria patients has been found to differ from that of healthy controls. We investigated serum lipid profile changes in malaria patients over time compared with patients with other febrile diseases. In total, 217 patients were included in the study (111 malaria patients and 106 symptomatic controls, defined as malaria-negative febrile patients). Serum lipid levels (mmol/L) were significantly lower in malaria patients compared with those with other febrile diseases (total cholesterol [TC] = 3.26 [standard deviation = 0.94] versus 3.97 [1.22; P < 0.001]; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] = 0.43 [0.47] versus 1.05 [0.67; P < 0.001], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] = 2.05 [0.76] versus 2.42 [0.90; P < 0.001]. Triglycerides (TGs) levels were higher in malaria patients (1.81 [1.02] versus 1.11 [0.82; P < 0.001]). No significant differences were found for apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a). Cholesterol levels increased toward reference values on day 28 (TC = 3.26–3.98, P < 0.001; HDL-C = 0.43–0.96, P < 0.001; LDL-C = 2.05–2.60, P < 0.001). TG levels decreased from 1.81 on admission to 1.76 (day 3) and 0.88 (day 28; P = 0.130). Lipid profile changes were not correlated with parasitemia or Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 levels. This study confirms characteristic temporary lipid profile changes in malaria. Lipid profile changes demonstrated a good accuracy to discriminate between malaria and other febrile diseases (area under the curve = 0.80 (95% confidence interval = 0.742–0.863, P < 0.001). Several plausible hypotheses exist regarding the pathophysiology of lipid profile changes in malaria. Further studies to elucidate the precise pathways may lead to improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.
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Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Benjamin J. Visser, Sophia G. de Vries, Rieke Vingerling, Martin Gritter, Danielle Kroon, Lídia Ciudad Aguilar, Rik B. J. Kraan, Rosanne W. Wieten, Michèle van Vugt, and Martin P. Grobusch, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mails: b.j.visser@amc.uva.nl, s.g.devries@amc.uva.nl, riekevingerling@gmail.com, martingritter@gmail.com, d.kroon@amc.uva.nl, lidiaciudad@hotmail.com, r.b.kraan@amc.uva.nl, rosannewieten@icloud.com, m.vanvugt@amc.uva.nl, and m.p.grobusch@amc.uva.nl. François Danion, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, E-mail: francois.danion@chru-strasbourg.fr. Barbara Sjouke, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mail: b.sjouke@amc.uva.nl. Akim A. Adegnika and Selidji T. Agnandji, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon, E-mails: aadegnika@gmail.com and agnandjis@lambarene.org. Peter G. Kremsner, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany, E-mail: peter.kremsner@uni-tuebingen.de. Thomas Hänscheid, Instituto de Medicina Molecular and Department of Microbiology, University of Lisbon, Portugal, E-mail: t.hanscheid@fm.ul.pt. Petra F. Mens, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, E-mail: p.f.mens@amc.uva.nl.
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