In Vitro Sensitivity of Cutaneous Leishmania Promastigote Isolates Circulating in French Guiana to a Set of Drugs

Marine Ginouvès Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPaT), Université de Guyane, Labex CEBA, DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Laboratoire Associé, Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.

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Stéphane Simon Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPaT), Université de Guyane, Labex CEBA, DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Laboratoire Associé, Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.

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Mathieu Nacher Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPaT), Université de Guyane, Labex CEBA, DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane CIC EC 1424, General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.

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Magalie Demar Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPaT), Université de Guyane, Labex CEBA, DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Laboratoire Associé, Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.

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Bernard Carme Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPaT), Université de Guyane, Labex CEBA, DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana.

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Pierre Couppié Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPaT), Université de Guyane, Labex CEBA, DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Service de Dermatologie, Institut Guyanais de Dermatologie Tropicale, General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana.

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Ghislaine Prévot Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPaT), Université de Guyane, Labex CEBA, DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana.

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Anti-leishmaniasis drug resistance is a common problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to inventory the general in vitro level of sensitivity of Leishmania isolates circulating in French Guiana and to highlight potential in vitro pentamidine-resistant isolates. This sensitivity study was conducted on 36 patient-promastigote isolates for seven drugs (amphotericin B, azithromycin, fluconazole, meglumine antimoniate, miltefosine, paromomycin, and pentamidine) using the Cell Counting Kit-8 viability test. The IC50 values obtained were heterogeneous. One isolate exhibited high IC50 values for almost all drugs tested. Pentamidine, which is the first-line treatment in French Guiana, showed efficacy at very low doses (mean of 0.0038 μg/mL). The concordance of the in vitro pentamidine results with the patients' clinical outcomes was 94% (K = 0.82).

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Marine Ginouvès, DFR Santé, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, EA 3593, Labex CEBA, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana. E-mail: marine.ginouves@univ-guyane.fr

Financial support: This work was supported by the University of French Guiana and the Ministère Français de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique, the Conseil Régional de la Guyane and the European Union (FEDER-Presage N° 31454), and the “Investissement d'Avenir” grant managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01).

Conflicts of interest: Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

Authors' addresses: Marine Ginouvès and Stéphane Simon, DFR Santé, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Labex CEBA, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, and Laboratoire Associé, Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mails: marine.ginouves@univ-guyane.fr and stephane.simon@guyane.univ-ag.fr. Mathieu Nacher, DFR Santé, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Labex CEBA, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Epidémiologie Clinique Antilles Guyane CIC EC 1424, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mail: mathieu.nacher@ch-cayenne.fr. Magalie Demar, DFR Santé, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Labex CEBA, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, Laboratoire Associé, Centre National de Référence Leishmania, Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mail: magalie.demar@ch-cayenne.fr. Bernard Carme, DFR Santé, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Labex CEBA, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, and Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mail: carme.bernard@wanadoo.fr. Pierre Couppié, DFR Santé, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Labex CEBA, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, and Guianan Institute of Tropical Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mail: pierre.couppie@ch-cayenne.fr. Ghislaine Prévot, DFR Santé, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale, Labex CEBA, University of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana, E-mail: fac.prevot@gmail.com.

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