Yaws Osteoperiostitis Treated with Single-Dose Azithromycin

Camila González-Beiras Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Lisbon Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal.

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Martí Vall-Mayans Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
STI Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.

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Ángel González-Escalante Department of Imaging and Radiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain.

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Kelly McClymont Department of Pathology, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Australia.

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Li Ma Department of Pathology, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Australia.

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Oriol Mitjà Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Lihir Medical Centre–International SOS, Newcrest Mining, Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea.

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The etiologic agent of yaws, Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, causes a multistage infection transmitted by nonsexual contact with the exudates from active lesions. Bone lesions in the form of osteoperiostitis are common and occur in numerous bones simultaneously in early stages. Although a multinational eradication campaign with mass administration of intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin in the 1950s greatly reduced its global incidence, a resurgence of yaws has occurred since around 2000 in western and central Africa and the Pacific Islands. The finding that a single oral dose of azithromycin (30 mg/kg) was as effective as benzathine benzylpenicillin prompted renewed interest by World Health Organization in 2012 toward eradication of this infection by 2020. We previously reported the excellent response to benzathine benzylpenicillin therapy for yaws osteoperiostitis. Herein, we document a confirmed case of yaws with osteoperiostitis successfully treated with single-dose azithromycin and discuss the pathology of yaws periostitis and comment on the implications of this in light of the new campaign toward yaws eradication.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Oriol Mitjà, Department of Community Health, Lihir Medical Center, P.O. Box 34, Lihir Island, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. E-mail: oriolmitja@hotmail.com

Authors' addresses: Camila González-Beiras, Lisbon Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal, and Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, E-mail: c.g.beiras@gmail.com. Martí Vall-Mayans, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and STI Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, E-mail: marti.vall@igslobal.org. Ángel González-Escalante, Department of Imaging and Radiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain, E-mail: ag.escalante@cmpont.es. Kelly McClymont and Li Ma, Department of Pathology, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Australia, E-mails: Kelly_McClymont@snp.com.au and Li_Ma@snp.com.au. Oriol Mitjà, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Lisbon Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal, E-mail: oriolmitja@hotmail.com.

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