Clinical Manifestations Associated with Peripheral Joint Involvement in Patients with Acute Chikungunya Virus Infection

Mariangelí Arroyo-Ávila Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Amanda Cabán Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Enid J. García-Rivera Endowed Health Services Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Marisela Irizarry-Pérez Endowed Health Services Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Hilda Torres Endowed Health Services Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Héctor Gorbea Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Luis M. Vilá Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes an acute febrile illness usually accompanied by severe polyarthralgia and polyarthritis. Previous studies have shown that older age, female gender, and some comorbid conditions are associated with chronic CHIKV arthritis. However, the factors associated with acute arthralgia and arthritis are not well known. Thus, we studied the clinical manifestations associated with acute peripheral joint involvement in a group of CHIKV patients from Puerto Rico. Patients with a history of fever for < 7 days evaluated at the emergency department of a university-based hospital were tested for several pathogens including CHIKV. All patients with laboratory-positive CHIKV infection were studied. Demographic features, clinical manifestations, and comorbidities were determined. Patients with and without peripheral joint involvement were compared using bivariable and multivariable analyses. In total, 172 patients with CHIKV fever were evaluated; 52.9% were women. The mean (standard deviation) age was 21.1 years (19.3). Peripheral arthralgia and/or arthritis were seen in 156 (90.7%) patients. In the multivariable analysis adjusted for age and gender, peripheral joint involvement was associated with myalgia (odds ratio [OR] = 4.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48–14.72), back pain (OR = 16.77, 95% CI = 3.07–313.82), ocular pain (OR = 8.88, 95% CI = 1.65–165.19), headache (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.06–12.53), anorexia (OR = 5.68, 95% CI = 1.87–18.97), and nausea (OR = 6.88, 95% CI = 2.05–31.49). In conclusion, in this population of patients with acute CHIKV infection, peripheral joint involvement was associated with myalgia and back pain as well as nonmusculoskeletal manifestations such as headache, ocular pain, anorexia, and nausea.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Luis M. Vilá, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan 00936-5067, Puerto Rico. E-mail: luis.vila2@.upr.edu

Financial support: This project was supported with Grant 5U01CK000274 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Grants 5S21MD000242 and 5S21MD000138 from the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health.

Authors' addresses: Mariangelí Arroyo-Ávila, Amanda Cabán, and Luis M. Vilá, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, E-mails: mariangeli.arroyo@upr.edu, amanda.caban@gmail.com, and luis.vila2@upr.edu. Enid J. García-Rivera, Marisela Irizarry-Pérez, and Hilda Torres, Endowed Health Services Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, E-mails: enid.garcia3@upr.edu, marisela.irizarry@gmail.com, and hilda.torres1@upr.edu. Héctor Gorbea, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, E-mail: hector.gorbea@upr.edu.

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