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-
1.
Bousema T, Drakeley C, Gesase S, Hashim R, Magesa S, Mosha F, Otieno S, Carneiro I, Cox J, Msuya E, Kleinschmidt I, Maxwell C, Greenwood B, Riley E, Sauerwein R, Chandramohan D, Gosling R, 2010. Identification of hot spots of malaria transmission for targeted malaria control. J Infect Dis 201: 1764–1774.
-
2.
Kulkarni MA, Desrochers RE, Kerr JT, 2010. High resolution niche models of malaria vectors in northern Tanzania: a new capacity to predict malaria risk? PLoS One 5: e9396.
-
3.
Kelly-Hope LA, McKenzie FE, 2009. The multiplicity of malaria transmission: a review of entomological inoculation rate measurements and methods across sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J 8: 19.
-
4.
Drakeley CJ, Corran PH, Coleman PG, Tongren JE, McDonald SLR, Carneiro I, Malima R, Lusingu J, Manjurano A, Nkya WMM, Lemnge MM, Cox J, Reyburn H, Riley EM, 2005. Estimating medium- and long-term trends in malaria transmission by using serological markers of malaria exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 5108–5113.
-
5.
Corran PH, Cook J, Lynch C, Leendertse H, Manjurano A, Griffin J, Cox J, Abeku T, Bousema T, Ghani AC, Drakeley C, Riley E, 2008. Dried blood spots as a source of anti-malarial antibodies for epidemiological studies. Malar J 7: 195.
-
6.
Helb DA, Tetteh KKA, Felgner PL, Skinner J, Hubbard A, Arinaitwe E, Mayanja-Kizza H, Ssewanyana I, Kamya MR, Beeson JG, Tappero J, Smith DL, Crompton PD, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Drakeley CJ, Greenhouse B, 2015. Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112: E4438–E4447.
-
7.
Okello PE, Van Bortel W, Byaruhanga AM, Correwyn A, Roelants P, Talisuna A, D'Alessandro U, Coosemans M, 2006. Variation in malaria transmission intensity in seven sites throughout Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 219–225.
-
8.
Lewnard JA, Berrang-Ford L, Lwasa S, Namanya DB, Patterson KA, Donnelly B, Kulkarni MA, Harper SL, Ogden NH, Carcamo CP, 2014. Relative undernourishment and food insecurity associations with Plasmodium falciparum among Batwa pygmies in Uganda: evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 39–49.
-
9.
Lewis J, 2000. The Batwa Pygmies of the Great Lakes Region. London, United Kingdom: Minority Rights Group International.
-
10.
Republic of Uganda, 2008. The State of the Uganda Population Report: The Role of Culture, Gender and Human Rights in Social Transformation and Sustainable Development. Kampala, Uganda: UNFPA.
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11.
Balenger S, Fried S, 2005. Between Forest and Farm: Identifying Appropriate Development Options for the Batwa of Southwestern Uganda. Washington, DC: George Washington University.
-
12.
Turyahikayo-Rugyema B, 1974. The History of the Bakiga in Southwestern Uganda and Northern Rwanda. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1500–1930.
-
13.
Clark S, Berrang-Ford L, Lwasa S, Namanya D, Twesigomwe S, Kulkarni M, 2016. A longitudinal analysis of mosquito net ownership and use in an Indigenous Batwa population after a targeted distribution. PLoS One 11: e0154808.
-
14.
Donnelly B, Berrang-Ford L, Labbé J, Twesigomwe S, Lwasa S, Namanya DB, Harper SL, Kulkarni M, Ross NA, Michel P, 2016. Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasitaemia among indigenous Batwa and non-indigenous communities of Kanungu district, Uganda. Malar J 15: 254.
-
15.
Stewart L, Gosling R, Griffin J, Gesase S, Campo J, Hashim R, Masika P, Mosha J, Bousema T, Shekalaghe S, Cook J, Corran P, Ghani A, Riley EM, Drakeley C, 2009. Rapid assessment of malaria transmission using age-specific sero-conversion rates. PLoS One 4: e6083.
-
16.
Reed GF, Meade BD, Steinhoff MC, 1995. The reverse cumulative distribution plot: a graphic method for exploratory analysis of antibody data. Pediatrics 96: 600–603.
-
17.
Marsh K, Otoo L, Hayes RJ, Carson DC, Greenwood BM, 1989. Antibodies to blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambians and their relation to protection against infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83: 293–303.
-
18.
Modiano D, Luoni G, Sirima BS, Lanfrancotti A, Petrarca V, Cruciani F, Simporé J, Ciminelli BM, Foglietta E, Grisanti P, Bianco I, Modiano G, Coluzzi M, 2001. The lower susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria of Fulani of Burkina Faso (west Africa) is associated with low frequencies of classic malaria-resistance genes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 149–152.
-
19.
Modiano D, Petrarca V, Sirima BS, Luoni G, Nebie I, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Coluzzi M, 1999. Different response to Plasmodium falciparum in west African sympatric ethnic groups: possible implications for malaria control strategies. Parassitologia 41: 193–197.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 30 | 30 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 352 | 195 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 62 | 21 | 0 |
Examination of Antibody Responses as a Measure of Exposure to Malaria in the Indigenous Batwa and Their Non-Indigenous Neighbors in Southwestern Uganda
Manisha A. Kulkarni
Manisha A. Kulkarni
School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Gala Garrod
Gala Garrod
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Lea Berrang-Ford
Lea Berrang-Ford
Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change (IHACC) Research Team.
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Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change (IHACC) Research Team.
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Isaac Ssewanyana
Isaac Ssewanyana
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
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Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
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Sherilee L. Harper
Sherilee L. Harper
Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change (IHACC) Research Team.
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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Nestor Baraheberwa
Nestor Baraheberwa
Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Blanaid Donnelly
Blanaid Donnelly
Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Kaitlin Patterson
Kaitlin Patterson
Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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Didacus B. Namanya
Didacus B. Namanya
Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change (IHACC) Research Team.
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
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Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
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Shuaib Lwasa
Shuaib Lwasa
Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change (IHACC) Research Team.
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Chris Drakeley
Chris Drakeley
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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Understanding variations in malaria transmission and exposure is critical to identify populations at risk and enable better targeting of interventions. The indigenous Batwa of southwestern Uganda have a disproportionate burden of malaria infection compared with their non-indigenous neighbors. To better understand the individual- and community-level determinants of malaria exposure, a seroepidemiological study was conducted in 10 local council cells in Kanungu District, Uganda, in April 2014. The Batwa had twice the odds of being seropositive to two Plasmodium falciparum–specific antigens, apical membrane antigen-1 and merozoite surface protein-119, compared with the non-indigenous Bakiga (odds ratio = 2.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.51–2.88). This trend was found irrespective of altitude level and after controlling for cell location. Seroconversion rates in the Batwa were more than twice those observed in the Bakiga. For the Batwa, multiple factors may be associated with higher exposure to malaria and antibody levels relative to their non-indigenous neighbors.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Manisha A. Kulkarni, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, E-mail: manisha.kulkarni@uottawa.ca. Gala Garrod and Chris Drakeley, Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, E-mails: galagarrod@hotmail.co.uk and chris.drakeley@lshtm.ac.uk. Lea Berrang-Ford, Nestor Baraheberwa, and Blanaid Donnelly, Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, E-mails: lea.berrangford@mcgill.ca, nestor.baraheberwa@umontreal.ca, and blanaid.d@gmail.com. Isaac Ssewanyana, Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, and Infectious Disease Research Collaboration (IDRC), Kampala, Uganda, E-mail: sewyisaac@yahoo.co.uk. Sherilee L. Harper and Kaitlin Patterson, Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada, E-mails: harpers@uoguelph.ca and kpatte08@uoguelph.ca. Didacus B. Namanya, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda, E-mail: didamanya@yahoo.com. Shuaib Lwasa, Department of Geography, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, E-mail: shuaiblwasa@gmail.com.
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-
1.
Bousema T, Drakeley C, Gesase S, Hashim R, Magesa S, Mosha F, Otieno S, Carneiro I, Cox J, Msuya E, Kleinschmidt I, Maxwell C, Greenwood B, Riley E, Sauerwein R, Chandramohan D, Gosling R, 2010. Identification of hot spots of malaria transmission for targeted malaria control. J Infect Dis 201: 1764–1774.
-
2.
Kulkarni MA, Desrochers RE, Kerr JT, 2010. High resolution niche models of malaria vectors in northern Tanzania: a new capacity to predict malaria risk? PLoS One 5: e9396.
-
3.
Kelly-Hope LA, McKenzie FE, 2009. The multiplicity of malaria transmission: a review of entomological inoculation rate measurements and methods across sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J 8: 19.
-
4.
Drakeley CJ, Corran PH, Coleman PG, Tongren JE, McDonald SLR, Carneiro I, Malima R, Lusingu J, Manjurano A, Nkya WMM, Lemnge MM, Cox J, Reyburn H, Riley EM, 2005. Estimating medium- and long-term trends in malaria transmission by using serological markers of malaria exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 5108–5113.
-
5.
Corran PH, Cook J, Lynch C, Leendertse H, Manjurano A, Griffin J, Cox J, Abeku T, Bousema T, Ghani AC, Drakeley C, Riley E, 2008. Dried blood spots as a source of anti-malarial antibodies for epidemiological studies. Malar J 7: 195.
-
6.
Helb DA, Tetteh KKA, Felgner PL, Skinner J, Hubbard A, Arinaitwe E, Mayanja-Kizza H, Ssewanyana I, Kamya MR, Beeson JG, Tappero J, Smith DL, Crompton PD, Rosenthal PJ, Dorsey G, Drakeley CJ, Greenhouse B, 2015. Novel serologic biomarkers provide accurate estimates of recent Plasmodium falciparum exposure for individuals and communities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112: E4438–E4447.
-
7.
Okello PE, Van Bortel W, Byaruhanga AM, Correwyn A, Roelants P, Talisuna A, D'Alessandro U, Coosemans M, 2006. Variation in malaria transmission intensity in seven sites throughout Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 219–225.
-
8.
Lewnard JA, Berrang-Ford L, Lwasa S, Namanya DB, Patterson KA, Donnelly B, Kulkarni MA, Harper SL, Ogden NH, Carcamo CP, 2014. Relative undernourishment and food insecurity associations with Plasmodium falciparum among Batwa pygmies in Uganda: evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 39–49.
-
9.
Lewis J, 2000. The Batwa Pygmies of the Great Lakes Region. London, United Kingdom: Minority Rights Group International.
-
10.
Republic of Uganda, 2008. The State of the Uganda Population Report: The Role of Culture, Gender and Human Rights in Social Transformation and Sustainable Development. Kampala, Uganda: UNFPA.
-
11.
Balenger S, Fried S, 2005. Between Forest and Farm: Identifying Appropriate Development Options for the Batwa of Southwestern Uganda. Washington, DC: George Washington University.
-
12.
Turyahikayo-Rugyema B, 1974. The History of the Bakiga in Southwestern Uganda and Northern Rwanda. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1500–1930.
-
13.
Clark S, Berrang-Ford L, Lwasa S, Namanya D, Twesigomwe S, Kulkarni M, 2016. A longitudinal analysis of mosquito net ownership and use in an Indigenous Batwa population after a targeted distribution. PLoS One 11: e0154808.
-
14.
Donnelly B, Berrang-Ford L, Labbé J, Twesigomwe S, Lwasa S, Namanya DB, Harper SL, Kulkarni M, Ross NA, Michel P, 2016. Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasitaemia among indigenous Batwa and non-indigenous communities of Kanungu district, Uganda. Malar J 15: 254.
-
15.
Stewart L, Gosling R, Griffin J, Gesase S, Campo J, Hashim R, Masika P, Mosha J, Bousema T, Shekalaghe S, Cook J, Corran P, Ghani A, Riley EM, Drakeley C, 2009. Rapid assessment of malaria transmission using age-specific sero-conversion rates. PLoS One 4: e6083.
-
16.
Reed GF, Meade BD, Steinhoff MC, 1995. The reverse cumulative distribution plot: a graphic method for exploratory analysis of antibody data. Pediatrics 96: 600–603.
-
17.
Marsh K, Otoo L, Hayes RJ, Carson DC, Greenwood BM, 1989. Antibodies to blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambians and their relation to protection against infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83: 293–303.
-
18.
Modiano D, Luoni G, Sirima BS, Lanfrancotti A, Petrarca V, Cruciani F, Simporé J, Ciminelli BM, Foglietta E, Grisanti P, Bianco I, Modiano G, Coluzzi M, 2001. The lower susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria of Fulani of Burkina Faso (west Africa) is associated with low frequencies of classic malaria-resistance genes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 149–152.
-
19.
Modiano D, Petrarca V, Sirima BS, Luoni G, Nebie I, Diallo DA, Esposito F, Coluzzi M, 1999. Different response to Plasmodium falciparum in west African sympatric ethnic groups: possible implications for malaria control strategies. Parassitologia 41: 193–197.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 30 | 30 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 352 | 195 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 62 | 21 | 0 |