Evaluation of Immunoglobulin G Responses to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Malian School Children Using Multiplex Bead Assay

Eric Rogier Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

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Delynn M. Moss Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

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Anna N. Chard Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

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Victoria Trinies Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

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Seydou Doumbia Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali.

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Matthew C. Freeman Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

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Patrick J. Lammie Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

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Malaria serology through assaying for IgG against Plasmodium spp. antigens provides evidence into the infection history for an individual. The multiplex bead assay (MBA) allows for detection of IgG against multiple Plasmodium spp., and can be especially useful in many regions where Plasmodium falciparum is of primary clinical focus, but other species are co-endemic. Dried blood spots were collected from 805 Malian children attending 42 elementary schools in the regions of Mopti, Sikasso, Koulikoro, and Bamako capital district, and IgG assayed by MBA. As southern Mali is known to be holoendemic for P. falciparum, merozoite surface protein 1 19-kDa subunit (MSP-142) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) antigens were included for serology against this parasite. Responses to these antigens both provided high estimates for lifetime exposure, with 730 (90%) children with IgG antibodies for MSP-142, 737 (91%) for AMA-1, and 773 (96%) positive for either or both. Also included was the antigen Plasmodium vivax MSP-119, against which 140 (17.4%) children were found to have antibodies. Increases in antibody titers with older age were clearly seen with the P. falciparum antigens, but not with the P. vivax antigen, likely indicating more of a sporadic, rather than sustained transmission for this species. The MBA provides effective opportunities to evaluate malaria transmission through serological analysis for multiple Plasmodium species.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Eric Rogier, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329. E-mail: wwx6@cdc.gov

Financial support: This work was supported by Dubai Cares Foundation.

Authors' addresses: Eric Rogier and Patrick J. Lammie, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: wwx6@cdc.gov and pjl1@cdc.gov. Delynn M. Moss, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: dmm3@cdc.gov. Anna N. Chard, Victoria Trinies, and Matthew C. Freeman, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: achard@emory.edu, vtrinies@gmail.com, and mcfreem@emory.edu. Seydou Doumbia, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali, E-mail: sdoumbi@icermali.org.

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