Caraballo H, King K, 2014. Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg Med Pract 16: 1–23.
Gratz NG, 2004. Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus. Med Vet Entomol 18: 215–227.
Guzman MG, Halstead SB, Artsob H, Buchy P, Farrar J, Gubler DJ, Hunsperger E, Kroeger A, Margolis HS, Martinez E, Nathan MB, Pelegrino JL, Simmons C, Yoksan S, Peeling RW, 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: 7–16.
Nikin-Beers R, Ciupe SM, 2015. The role of antibody in enhancing dengue virus infection. Math Biosci 263: 83–92.
Diaz-Quijano FA, Waldman EA, 2012. Factors associated with dengue mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1995–2009: an ecological study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 328–334.
Gray TJ, Webb CE, 2014. A review of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of West Nile virus. Int J Gen Med 7: 193–203.
Daep CA, Munoz-Jordan JL, Eugenin EA, 2014. Flaviviruses, an expanding threat in public health: focus on dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus. J Neurovirol 20: 539–560.
Salyer SJ, Ellis EM, Salomon C, Bron C, Juin S, Hemme RR, Hunsperger E, Jentes ES, Magloire R, Tomashek KM, Desormeaux AM, Munoz-Jordan JL, Etienne L, Beltran M, Sharp TM, Moffet D, Tappero J, Margolis HS, Katz MA, 2012. Dengue virus infections among Haitian and expatriate non-governmental organization workers in Leogane and Port-au-Prince, Haiti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3269.
Sharp TM, Pillai P, Hunsperger E, Santiago GA, Anderson T, Vap T, Collinson J, Buss BF, Safranek TJ, Sotir MJ, Jentes ES, Munoz-Jordan JL, Arquello DF, 2012. A cluster of dengue cases in American missionaries returning from Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 16–22.
Halstead SB, Streit TG, Lafontant JG, Putvatana R, Russell K, Sun W, Kanesa-Thasan N, Hayes CG, Watts DM, 2001. Haiti: absence of dengue hemorrhagic fever despite hyperendemic dengue virus transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 180–183.
Beatty ME, Hunsperger E, Long E, Schürch J, Jain S, Colindres R, Lerebours G, Bernard Y-M, Dobbins JG, Brown M, Clark GG, 2007. Mosquitoborne infections after Hurricane Jeanne, Haiti, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 308–310.
Komar O, Robbins MB, Klenk K, Blitvich BJ, Marlenee NL, Burkhalter KL, Gubler DJ, Gonzálvez G, Peña CJ, Peterson AT, Komar N, 2003. West Nile virus transmission in resident birds, Dominican Republic. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 1299–1302.
Komar O, Robbins MB, Contreras GG, Benz BW, Klenk K, Blitvich BJ, Marlenee NL, Burkhalter KL, Beckett S, Gonzalvez G, Pena CJ, Peterson AT, Komar N, 2005. West Nile virus survey of birds and mosquitoes in the Dominican Republic. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5: 120–126.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2010. Launching a National Surveillance System after an earthquake: Haiti. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 59: 933–938.
Beau De Rochars VE, Alam MT, Telisma T, Masse R, Chavannes S, Anilis MG, Guillaume HJ, Gelin G, Kirkpatrick EL, Okech BA, Weppelmann TA, Rashid M, Karst S, Johnson JA, Ali A, Morris JG, 2015. Spectrum of outpatient illness in a school-based cohort in Haiti, with a focus on diarrheal pathogens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 752–757.
Neuberger A, Tenenboim S, Golos M, Pex R, Krakowsky Y, Urman M, Vernet S, Schwartz E, 2012. Infectious diseases seen in a primary care clinic in Leogane, Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 11–15.
Samson DM, Archer RS, Alimi TO, Arheart KK, Impoinvil DE, Oscar R, Fuller DO, Qualls WA, 2015. New baseline environmental assessment of mosquito ecology in northern Haiti during increased urbanization. J Vector Ecol 40: 46–58.
Miagostovich MP, Nogueira RM, dos Santos FB, Schatzmayr HG, Araujo ES, Vorndam V, 1999. Evaluation of an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dengue diagnosis. J Clin Virol 14: 183–189.
Beasley DWC, Barrett ADT, 2002. Identification of neutralizing epitopes within structural domain III of the West Nile virus envelope protein. J Virol 76: 13097–13100.
Tam CC, Tissera H, de Silva AM, De Silva AD, Margolis HS, Amarasinge A, 2013. Estimates of dengue force of infection in children in Colombo, Sri Lanka. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2259.
Arnold BF, Priest JW, Hamlin KL, Moss DM, Colford JM Jr, Lammie PJ, 2014. Serological measures of malaria transmission in Haiti: comparison of longitudinal and cross-sectional methods. PLoS One 9: e93684.
Rioth M, Beauharnais CA, Noel F, Ikizler MR, Mehta S, Zhu Y, Long CA, Pape JW, Wright PF, 2011. Serologic imprint of dengue virus in urban Haiti: characterization of humoral immunity to dengue in infants and young children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 630–636.
Brault AC, 2009. Changing patterns of West Nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility. Vet Res 40: 43.
Rubenstein DR, Chamberlain CP, Holmes RT, Ayres MP, Waldbauer JR, Graves GR, Tuross NC, 2002. Linking breeding and wintering ranges of a migratory songbird using stable isotopes. Science 295: 1062–1065.
Churches CE, Wampler PJ, Sun W, Smith AJ, 2014. Evaluation of forest cover estimates for Haiti using supervised classification of Landsat data. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 30: 203–216.
Lepage D, 2003. Checklist of Birds of Haiti From Bird Checklists of the World. Available at: http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=ht&list=clements. Accessed May 5, 2016.
von Fricken ME, Weppelmann TA, Eaton WT, Masse R, Beau De Rochars MV, Okech BA, 2014. Performance of the CareStart glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) rapid diagnostic test in Gressier, Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 77–80.
Landman KZ, Jean SE, Existe A, Akom EE, Chang MA, Lemoine JF, Mace KE, 2012. Evaluation of case management of uncomplicated malaria in Haiti: a national health facility survey, 2012. Malar J 14: 394.
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Though plans to eliminate malaria from the island of Hispaniola have recently received much attention, arbovirus surveillance continues to be largely neglected in Haiti. To support surveillance efforts and encourage vector-control strategies, a cross-sectional study of dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) transmission was conducted using standard seroepidemiological methods. Blood samples (N = 673) were collected from 278 males and 395 females from three locations in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti. Serum was separated and tested for the presence of anti-DENV and anti-WNV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-DENV IgG antibodies were detected in 72.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 68.7, 75.5) of the sample population; with no significant differences in seroprevalence by study location, participant gender, or age group (P > 0.1, in all tests). Anti-WNV IgG antibodies were detected in only 1% (95% CI = 0.3, 1.8) of the sample population, all which originated from participants located in Gressier. The high prevalence of anti-DENV IgG antibodies among all age groups, including those in the youngest age group (2–5 years of age), suggests hyperendemic transmission of DENV in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti. In contrast, the relative absence of anti-WNV IgG antibodies, even among older population members, further supports the notion that WNV transmission in this population is largely absent. These findings highlight the large burden of disease from DENV and the need for enhanced arbovirus surveillance and implementation of vector control strategies throughout Haiti.
Financial support: This study was funded by the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response Division to B.A.O. and by University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Profession funds to M.E.V.
Authors' addresses: Thomas A. Weppelmann, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, E-mail: alexwepp@yahoo.com. Alexandra Burne, Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. E-mail: burnea@ufl.edu. Michael E. von Fricken, Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, E-mail: mvonfric@gmu.edu. Maha A. Elbadry and Bernard A. Okech, Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, E-mails: eldadrym@ufl.edu and bokech@ufl.edu. Madsen Beau De Rochars, Department of Health Services Research Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, E-mail: madsenbeau@phhp.ufl.edu. Jacques Boncy, Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP), Ministère de la Santé et de la Population (MSPP), Route de Tabarre, Port au Prince, Haiti, E-mail: jboncy2001@yahoo.fr.
Caraballo H, King K, 2014. Emergency department management of mosquito-borne illness: malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus. Emerg Med Pract 16: 1–23.
Gratz NG, 2004. Critical review of the vector status of Aedes albopictus. Med Vet Entomol 18: 215–227.
Guzman MG, Halstead SB, Artsob H, Buchy P, Farrar J, Gubler DJ, Hunsperger E, Kroeger A, Margolis HS, Martinez E, Nathan MB, Pelegrino JL, Simmons C, Yoksan S, Peeling RW, 2010. Dengue: a continuing global threat. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: 7–16.
Nikin-Beers R, Ciupe SM, 2015. The role of antibody in enhancing dengue virus infection. Math Biosci 263: 83–92.
Diaz-Quijano FA, Waldman EA, 2012. Factors associated with dengue mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1995–2009: an ecological study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 328–334.
Gray TJ, Webb CE, 2014. A review of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of West Nile virus. Int J Gen Med 7: 193–203.
Daep CA, Munoz-Jordan JL, Eugenin EA, 2014. Flaviviruses, an expanding threat in public health: focus on dengue, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus. J Neurovirol 20: 539–560.
Salyer SJ, Ellis EM, Salomon C, Bron C, Juin S, Hemme RR, Hunsperger E, Jentes ES, Magloire R, Tomashek KM, Desormeaux AM, Munoz-Jordan JL, Etienne L, Beltran M, Sharp TM, Moffet D, Tappero J, Margolis HS, Katz MA, 2012. Dengue virus infections among Haitian and expatriate non-governmental organization workers in Leogane and Port-au-Prince, Haiti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3269.
Sharp TM, Pillai P, Hunsperger E, Santiago GA, Anderson T, Vap T, Collinson J, Buss BF, Safranek TJ, Sotir MJ, Jentes ES, Munoz-Jordan JL, Arquello DF, 2012. A cluster of dengue cases in American missionaries returning from Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 16–22.
Halstead SB, Streit TG, Lafontant JG, Putvatana R, Russell K, Sun W, Kanesa-Thasan N, Hayes CG, Watts DM, 2001. Haiti: absence of dengue hemorrhagic fever despite hyperendemic dengue virus transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 180–183.
Beatty ME, Hunsperger E, Long E, Schürch J, Jain S, Colindres R, Lerebours G, Bernard Y-M, Dobbins JG, Brown M, Clark GG, 2007. Mosquitoborne infections after Hurricane Jeanne, Haiti, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 308–310.
Komar O, Robbins MB, Klenk K, Blitvich BJ, Marlenee NL, Burkhalter KL, Gubler DJ, Gonzálvez G, Peña CJ, Peterson AT, Komar N, 2003. West Nile virus transmission in resident birds, Dominican Republic. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 1299–1302.
Komar O, Robbins MB, Contreras GG, Benz BW, Klenk K, Blitvich BJ, Marlenee NL, Burkhalter KL, Beckett S, Gonzalvez G, Pena CJ, Peterson AT, Komar N, 2005. West Nile virus survey of birds and mosquitoes in the Dominican Republic. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5: 120–126.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2010. Launching a National Surveillance System after an earthquake: Haiti. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 59: 933–938.
Beau De Rochars VE, Alam MT, Telisma T, Masse R, Chavannes S, Anilis MG, Guillaume HJ, Gelin G, Kirkpatrick EL, Okech BA, Weppelmann TA, Rashid M, Karst S, Johnson JA, Ali A, Morris JG, 2015. Spectrum of outpatient illness in a school-based cohort in Haiti, with a focus on diarrheal pathogens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 752–757.
Neuberger A, Tenenboim S, Golos M, Pex R, Krakowsky Y, Urman M, Vernet S, Schwartz E, 2012. Infectious diseases seen in a primary care clinic in Leogane, Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 11–15.
Samson DM, Archer RS, Alimi TO, Arheart KK, Impoinvil DE, Oscar R, Fuller DO, Qualls WA, 2015. New baseline environmental assessment of mosquito ecology in northern Haiti during increased urbanization. J Vector Ecol 40: 46–58.
Miagostovich MP, Nogueira RM, dos Santos FB, Schatzmayr HG, Araujo ES, Vorndam V, 1999. Evaluation of an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for dengue diagnosis. J Clin Virol 14: 183–189.
Beasley DWC, Barrett ADT, 2002. Identification of neutralizing epitopes within structural domain III of the West Nile virus envelope protein. J Virol 76: 13097–13100.
Tam CC, Tissera H, de Silva AM, De Silva AD, Margolis HS, Amarasinge A, 2013. Estimates of dengue force of infection in children in Colombo, Sri Lanka. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2259.
Arnold BF, Priest JW, Hamlin KL, Moss DM, Colford JM Jr, Lammie PJ, 2014. Serological measures of malaria transmission in Haiti: comparison of longitudinal and cross-sectional methods. PLoS One 9: e93684.
Rioth M, Beauharnais CA, Noel F, Ikizler MR, Mehta S, Zhu Y, Long CA, Pape JW, Wright PF, 2011. Serologic imprint of dengue virus in urban Haiti: characterization of humoral immunity to dengue in infants and young children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 630–636.
Brault AC, 2009. Changing patterns of West Nile virus transmission: altered vector competence and host susceptibility. Vet Res 40: 43.
Rubenstein DR, Chamberlain CP, Holmes RT, Ayres MP, Waldbauer JR, Graves GR, Tuross NC, 2002. Linking breeding and wintering ranges of a migratory songbird using stable isotopes. Science 295: 1062–1065.
Churches CE, Wampler PJ, Sun W, Smith AJ, 2014. Evaluation of forest cover estimates for Haiti using supervised classification of Landsat data. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 30: 203–216.
Lepage D, 2003. Checklist of Birds of Haiti From Bird Checklists of the World. Available at: http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN®ion=ht&list=clements. Accessed May 5, 2016.
von Fricken ME, Weppelmann TA, Eaton WT, Masse R, Beau De Rochars MV, Okech BA, 2014. Performance of the CareStart glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) rapid diagnostic test in Gressier, Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 77–80.
Landman KZ, Jean SE, Existe A, Akom EE, Chang MA, Lemoine JF, Mace KE, 2012. Evaluation of case management of uncomplicated malaria in Haiti: a national health facility survey, 2012. Malar J 14: 394.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 30 | 30 | 11 |
Full Text Views | 291 | 72 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 95 | 18 | 0 |