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-
1.
Baum E, Sattabongkot J, Sirichaisinthop J, Kiattibutr K, Davies DH, Jain A, Lo E, Lee MC, Randall AZ, Molina DM, Liang X, Cui L, Felgner PL, Yan G, 2015. Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections are common in western Thailand—molecular and serological evidence. Malar J 14: 95.
-
2.
Cotter C, Sturrock HJ, Hsiang MS, Liu J, Phillips AA, Hwang J, Gueye CS, Fullman N, Gosling RD, Feachem RG, 2013. The changing epidemiology of malaria elimination: new strategies for new challenges. Lancet 382: 900–911.
-
3.
Ingram RJ, Crenna-Darusallam C, Soebianto S, Noviyanti R, Baird JK, 2014. The clinical and public health problem of relapse despite primaquine therapy: case review of repeated relapses of Plasmodium vivax acquired in Papua New Guinea. Malar J 13: 488.
-
4.
Bennett JW, Pybus BS, Yadava A, Tosh D, Sousa JC, McCarthy WF, Deye G, Melendez V, Ockenhouse CF, 2013. Primaquine failure and cytochrome P-450 2D6 in Plasmodium vivax malaria. N Engl J Med 369: 1381–1382.
-
5.
Takeuchi R, Lawpoolsri S, Imwong M, Kobayashi J, Kaewkungwal J, Pukrittayakamee S, Puangsa-art S, Thanyavanich N, Maneeboonyang W, Day NP, Singhasivanon P, 2010. Directly-observed therapy (DOT) for the radical 14-day primaquine treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria on the Thai-Myanmar border. Malar J 9: 308.
-
6.
Baird JK, Hoffman SL, 2004. Primaquine therapy for malaria. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1336–1345.
-
7.
Reddy P, Flaherty JP, 2006. Plasmodium vivax malaria relapses after primaquine prophylaxis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1795–1796.
-
8.
Orjuela-Sanchez P, da Silva NS, da Silva-Nunes M, Ferreira MU, 2009. Recurrent parasitemias and population dynamics of Plasmodium vivax polymorphisms in rural Amazonia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 961–968.
-
9.
Bright AT, Alenazi T, Shokoples S, Tarning J, Paganotti GM, White NJ, Houston S, Winzeler EA, Yanow SK, 2013. Genetic analysis of primaquine tolerance in a patient with relapsing vivax malaria. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 802–805.
-
10.
Wampfler R, Mwingira F, Javati S, Robinson L, Betuela I, Siba P, Beck HP, Mueller I, Felger I, 2013. Strategies for detection of Plasmodium species gametocytes. PLoS One 8: e76316.
-
11.
Rosanas-Urgell A, Mueller D, Betuela I, Barnadas C, Iga J, Zimmerman PA, del Portillo HA, Siba P, Mueller I, Felger I, 2010. Comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of the four sympatric Plasmodium species in field samples from Papua New Guinea. Malar J 9: 361.
-
12.
Restrepo E, Imwong M, Rojas W, Carmona-Fonseca J, Maestre A, 2011. High genetic polymorphism of relapsing P. vivax isolates in northwest Colombia. Acta Trop 119: 23–29.
-
13.
White NJ, Imwong M, 2012. Relapse. Adv Parasitol 80: 113–150.
-
14.
Koepfli C, Ross A, Kiniboro B, Smith TA, Zimmerman PA, Siba P, Mueller I, Felger I, 2011. Multiplicity and diversity of Plasmodium vivax infections in a highly endemic region in Papua New Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1424.
-
15.
Koepfli C, Rodrigues PT, Antao T, Orjuela-Sanchez P, Van den Eede P, Gamboa D, van Hong N, Bendezu J, Erhart A, Barnadas C, Ratsimbasoa A, Menard D, Severini C, Menegon M, Nour BY, Karunaweera N, Mueller I, Ferreira MU, Felger I, 2015. Plasmodium vivax diversity and population structure across four continents. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003872.
-
16.
Bright AT, Manary MJ, Tewhey R, Arango EM, Wang T, Schork NJ, Yanow SK, Winzeler EA, 2014. A high resolution case study of a patient with recurrent Plasmodium vivax infections shows that relapses were caused by meiotic siblings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2882.
-
17.
Vanwong N, Ngamsamut N, Hongkaew Y, Nuntamool N, Puangpetch A, Chamnanphon M, Sinrachatanant A, Limsila P, Sukasem C, 2016. Detection of CYP2D6 polymorphism using Luminex xTAG technology in autism spectrum disorder: CYP2D6 activity score and its association with risperidone levels. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 31: 156–162.
-
18.
Rijken MJ, Boel ME, Russell B, Imwong M, Leimanis ML, Phyo AP, Muehlenbachs A, Lindegardh N, McGready R, Renia L, Snounou G, Singhasivanon P, Nosten F, 2011. Chloroquine resistant vivax malaria in a pregnant woman on the western border of Thailand. Malar J 10: 113.
-
19.
White NJ, 2011. Determinants of relapse periodicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Malar J 10: 297.
-
20.
John GK, Douglas NM, von Seidlein L, Nosten F, Baird JK, White NJ, Price RN, 2012. Primaquine radical cure of Plasmodium vivax: a critical review of the literature. Malar J 11: 280.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1710 | 1568 | 40 |
| Full Text Views | 293 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 111 | 13 | 1 |
High Efficacy of Primaquine Treatment for Plasmodium vivax in Western Thailand
Rhea J. Longley
Rhea J. Longley
Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Piyarat Sripoorote
Piyarat Sripoorote
Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Pornpimol Chobson
Pornpimol Chobson
Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Teerawat Saeseu
Teerawat Saeseu
Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Chonlaphat Sukasem
Chonlaphat Sukasem
Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Suparat Phuanukoonnon
Suparat Phuanukoonnon
Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Wang Nguitragool
Wang Nguitragool
Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ivo Mueller
Ivo Mueller
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jetsumon Sattabongkot
Jetsumon Sattabongkot
Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Primaquine is the only licensed antimalarial drug that is capable of clearing dormant Plasmodium vivax liver stage parasites. To date, there is no clear evidence of resistance of the liver stage parasite against this drug, because of the difficulty in ascertaining the cause of recurrent infection. We followed 52 Thai P. vivax patients for 9 months after directly observed treatment of 15 mg primaquine daily for 14 days. Blood samples taken at 2–4 weekly intervals were assessed by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of parasites. Only four of 52 (7.7%) volunteers had recurrent P. vivax infections, all at least 8 weeks after treatment. This demonstrates that primaquine retains a high efficacy in this population. Although a risk of new infections could not be ruled out, parasite genotyping at two polymorphic markers suggested a high probability of late relapsing infections in these volunteers. Continued monitoring of primaquine efficacy in this region is advisable.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH grant number 5R01 AI 104822) and the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics. Ivo Mueller is supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (no. 1043345).
Authors' addresses: Rhea J. Longley and Ivo Mueller, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia, E-mails: longley.r@wehi.edu.au and mueller@wehi.edu.au. Piyarat Sripoorote, Pornpimol Chobson, Teerawat Saeseu, Suparat Phuanukoonnon, and Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mails: pnt_94@hotmail.com, ppchobson@gmail.com, teerawatsaeseu@gmail.com, suparatp@hotmail.com, and jetsumon.pra@mahidol.ac.th. Chonlaphat Sukasem, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: chonlaphat.suk@mahidol.ac.th. Wang Nguitragool, Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: wang.nguitragool@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Baum E, Sattabongkot J, Sirichaisinthop J, Kiattibutr K, Davies DH, Jain A, Lo E, Lee MC, Randall AZ, Molina DM, Liang X, Cui L, Felgner PL, Yan G, 2015. Submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections are common in western Thailand—molecular and serological evidence. Malar J 14: 95.
-
2.
Cotter C, Sturrock HJ, Hsiang MS, Liu J, Phillips AA, Hwang J, Gueye CS, Fullman N, Gosling RD, Feachem RG, 2013. The changing epidemiology of malaria elimination: new strategies for new challenges. Lancet 382: 900–911.
-
3.
Ingram RJ, Crenna-Darusallam C, Soebianto S, Noviyanti R, Baird JK, 2014. The clinical and public health problem of relapse despite primaquine therapy: case review of repeated relapses of Plasmodium vivax acquired in Papua New Guinea. Malar J 13: 488.
-
4.
Bennett JW, Pybus BS, Yadava A, Tosh D, Sousa JC, McCarthy WF, Deye G, Melendez V, Ockenhouse CF, 2013. Primaquine failure and cytochrome P-450 2D6 in Plasmodium vivax malaria. N Engl J Med 369: 1381–1382.
-
5.
Takeuchi R, Lawpoolsri S, Imwong M, Kobayashi J, Kaewkungwal J, Pukrittayakamee S, Puangsa-art S, Thanyavanich N, Maneeboonyang W, Day NP, Singhasivanon P, 2010. Directly-observed therapy (DOT) for the radical 14-day primaquine treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria on the Thai-Myanmar border. Malar J 9: 308.
-
6.
Baird JK, Hoffman SL, 2004. Primaquine therapy for malaria. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1336–1345.
-
7.
Reddy P, Flaherty JP, 2006. Plasmodium vivax malaria relapses after primaquine prophylaxis. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1795–1796.
-
8.
Orjuela-Sanchez P, da Silva NS, da Silva-Nunes M, Ferreira MU, 2009. Recurrent parasitemias and population dynamics of Plasmodium vivax polymorphisms in rural Amazonia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 961–968.
-
9.
Bright AT, Alenazi T, Shokoples S, Tarning J, Paganotti GM, White NJ, Houston S, Winzeler EA, Yanow SK, 2013. Genetic analysis of primaquine tolerance in a patient with relapsing vivax malaria. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 802–805.
-
10.
Wampfler R, Mwingira F, Javati S, Robinson L, Betuela I, Siba P, Beck HP, Mueller I, Felger I, 2013. Strategies for detection of Plasmodium species gametocytes. PLoS One 8: e76316.
-
11.
Rosanas-Urgell A, Mueller D, Betuela I, Barnadas C, Iga J, Zimmerman PA, del Portillo HA, Siba P, Mueller I, Felger I, 2010. Comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of the four sympatric Plasmodium species in field samples from Papua New Guinea. Malar J 9: 361.
-
12.
Restrepo E, Imwong M, Rojas W, Carmona-Fonseca J, Maestre A, 2011. High genetic polymorphism of relapsing P. vivax isolates in northwest Colombia. Acta Trop 119: 23–29.
-
13.
White NJ, Imwong M, 2012. Relapse. Adv Parasitol 80: 113–150.
-
14.
Koepfli C, Ross A, Kiniboro B, Smith TA, Zimmerman PA, Siba P, Mueller I, Felger I, 2011. Multiplicity and diversity of Plasmodium vivax infections in a highly endemic region in Papua New Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1424.
-
15.
Koepfli C, Rodrigues PT, Antao T, Orjuela-Sanchez P, Van den Eede P, Gamboa D, van Hong N, Bendezu J, Erhart A, Barnadas C, Ratsimbasoa A, Menard D, Severini C, Menegon M, Nour BY, Karunaweera N, Mueller I, Ferreira MU, Felger I, 2015. Plasmodium vivax diversity and population structure across four continents. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0003872.
-
16.
Bright AT, Manary MJ, Tewhey R, Arango EM, Wang T, Schork NJ, Yanow SK, Winzeler EA, 2014. A high resolution case study of a patient with recurrent Plasmodium vivax infections shows that relapses were caused by meiotic siblings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2882.
-
17.
Vanwong N, Ngamsamut N, Hongkaew Y, Nuntamool N, Puangpetch A, Chamnanphon M, Sinrachatanant A, Limsila P, Sukasem C, 2016. Detection of CYP2D6 polymorphism using Luminex xTAG technology in autism spectrum disorder: CYP2D6 activity score and its association with risperidone levels. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 31: 156–162.
-
18.
Rijken MJ, Boel ME, Russell B, Imwong M, Leimanis ML, Phyo AP, Muehlenbachs A, Lindegardh N, McGready R, Renia L, Snounou G, Singhasivanon P, Nosten F, 2011. Chloroquine resistant vivax malaria in a pregnant woman on the western border of Thailand. Malar J 10: 113.
-
19.
White NJ, 2011. Determinants of relapse periodicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Malar J 10: 297.
-
20.
John GK, Douglas NM, von Seidlein L, Nosten F, Baird JK, White NJ, Price RN, 2012. Primaquine radical cure of Plasmodium vivax: a critical review of the literature. Malar J 11: 280.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1710 | 1568 | 40 |
| Full Text Views | 293 | 10 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 111 | 13 | 1 |