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1.
Attar ZJ, Chance ML, El-Safi S, Carney J, Azazy A, El-Hadi M, Dourado C, Hommel M, 2001. Latex agglutination test for the detection of urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 78: 11–16.
-
2.
Sarkari B, Chance M, Hommel M, 2002. Antigenuria in visceral leishmaniasis: detection and partial characterisation of a carbohydrate antigen. Acta Trop 82: 339–348.
-
3.
Ahsan MM, Islam MN, Mollah AH, Hoque MA, Hossain MA, Begum Z, Islam MT, 2010. Evaluation of latex agglutination test (KAtex) for early diagnosis of kala-azar. Mymensingh Med J 19: 335–339.
-
4.
Chappuis F, Rijal S, Jha UK, Desjeux P, Karki BM, Koirala S, Loutan L, Boelaert M, 2006. Field validity, reproducibility and feasibility of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis in rural Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 11: 31–40.
-
5.
Sundar S, Agrawal S, Pai K, Chance M, Hommel M, 2005. Detection of leishmanial antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis by a latex agglutination test. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 269–271.
-
6.
El-Safi SH, Abdel-Haleem A, Hammad A, El-Basha I, Omer A, Kareem HG, Boelaert M, Chance M, Hommel M, 2003. Field evaluation of latex agglutination test for detecting urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan. East Mediterr Health J 9: 844–855.
-
7.
Rijal S, Boelaert M, Regmi S, Karki BM, Jacquet D, Singh R, Chance ML, Chappuis F, Hommel M, Desjeux P, Van der Stuyft P, Le RD, Koirala S, 2004. Evaluation of a urinary antigen-based latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of kala-azar in eastern Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 9: 724–729.
-
8.
Salam MA, Khan MG, Mondal D, 2011. Urine antigen detection by latex agglutination test for diagnosis and assessment of initial cure of visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 269–272.
-
9.
Boelaert M, El-Safi S, Hailu A, Mukhtar M, Rijal S, Sundar S, Wasunna M, Aseffa A, Mbui J, Menten J, Desjeux P, Peeling RW, 2008. Diagnostic tests for kala-azar: a multi-centre study of the freeze-dried DAT, rK39 strip test and KAtex in east Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 32–40.
-
10.
Vallur AC, Tutterrow YL, Mohamath R, Pattabhi S, Hailu A, Abdoun AO, Ahmed AE, Mukhtar M, Salam MA, Almeida ML, Almeida RP, Mondal D, Albertini A, Ghalib H, Duthie MS, Reed SG, 2015. Development and comparative evaluation of two antigen detection tests for visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Infect Dis 15: 384.
-
11.
Abeijon C, Kashino SS, Silva FO, Costa DL, Fujiwara RT, Costa CH, Campos-Neto A, 2012. Identification and diagnostic utility of Leishmania infantum proteins found in urine samples from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 19: 935–943.
-
12.
Abeijon C, Campos-Neto A, 2013. Potential non-invasive urine-based antigen (protein) detection assay to diagnose active visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2161.
-
13.
Satheesh Kumar S, Gokulasuriyan RK, Ghosh M, 2014. Comparative in-silico genome analysis of Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani: a step towards its species specificity. Meta Gene 2: 782–798.
-
14.
Sudarshan M, Weirather JL, Wilson ME, Sundar S, 2011. Study of parasite kinetics with antileishmanial drugs using real-time quantitative PCR in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 66: 1751–1755.
-
15.
Houghton RL, Petrescu M, Benson DR, Skeiky YA, Scalone A, Badaro R, Reed SG, Gradoni L, 1998. A cloned antigen (recombinant K39) of Leishmania chagasi diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients and a prognostic indicator for monitoring patients undergoing drug therapy. J Infect Dis 177: 1339–1344.
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16.
Santos-Gomes G, Gomes-Pereira S, Campino L, Araujo MD, Abranches P, 2000. Performance of immunoblotting in diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-Leishmania sp.-coinfected patients. J Clin Microbiol 38: 175–178.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 333 | 278 | 9 |
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Novel Antigen Detection Assay to Monitor Therapeutic Efficacy of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Claudia Abeijon
Claudia Abeijon
DetectoGen Inc., Grafton, Massachusetts.
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Om Prakash Singh
Om Prakash Singh
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Jaya Chakravarty
Jaya Chakravarty
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Shyam Sundar
Shyam Sundar
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Antonio Campos-Neto
Antonio Campos-Neto
DetectoGen Inc., Grafton, Massachusetts.
Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis is routinely performed by invasive liver, spleen, bone marrow, or lymph node biopsies, followed by microscopic identification of the parasites. Conventional serological tests cannot distinguish active disease from asymptomatic VL or from cured infection. Here, we report the initial validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assembled to detect the Leishmania infantum/donovani antigens iron superoxide dismutase 1 (Li-isd1), tryparedoxin 1 (Li-trx1), and nuclear transport factor 2 (Li-ntf2) as a tool to monitor therapeutic efficacy of VL. The assembled ELISA detected the antigens in the urine samples from seven VL patients before initiation of therapy. Importantly, the antigens were no longer detected in all patients after completion of the treatment. These preliminary observations point to a promising tool to follow treatment efficacy of VL.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant R43 AI113992.
Disclosure: Claudia Abeijon is an employee of DetectoGen Inc. and has no ownership or ownership option in the company. Antonio Campos-Neto is a consultant for DetectoGen Inc.
Authors' addresses: Claudia Abeijon, Research and Development, DetectoGen Inc., Grafton, MA, E-mail: cabeijon@detectogen.com. Om Prakash Singh, Jaya Chakravarty, and Shyam Sundar, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, E-mails: opbhu07@gmail.com, tapadar@gmail.com, and drshyamsundar@hotmail.com. Antonio Campos-Neto, Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, E-mail: acampos@forsyth.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Attar ZJ, Chance ML, El-Safi S, Carney J, Azazy A, El-Hadi M, Dourado C, Hommel M, 2001. Latex agglutination test for the detection of urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 78: 11–16.
-
2.
Sarkari B, Chance M, Hommel M, 2002. Antigenuria in visceral leishmaniasis: detection and partial characterisation of a carbohydrate antigen. Acta Trop 82: 339–348.
-
3.
Ahsan MM, Islam MN, Mollah AH, Hoque MA, Hossain MA, Begum Z, Islam MT, 2010. Evaluation of latex agglutination test (KAtex) for early diagnosis of kala-azar. Mymensingh Med J 19: 335–339.
-
4.
Chappuis F, Rijal S, Jha UK, Desjeux P, Karki BM, Koirala S, Loutan L, Boelaert M, 2006. Field validity, reproducibility and feasibility of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis in rural Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 11: 31–40.
-
5.
Sundar S, Agrawal S, Pai K, Chance M, Hommel M, 2005. Detection of leishmanial antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis by a latex agglutination test. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 269–271.
-
6.
El-Safi SH, Abdel-Haleem A, Hammad A, El-Basha I, Omer A, Kareem HG, Boelaert M, Chance M, Hommel M, 2003. Field evaluation of latex agglutination test for detecting urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis in Sudan. East Mediterr Health J 9: 844–855.
-
7.
Rijal S, Boelaert M, Regmi S, Karki BM, Jacquet D, Singh R, Chance ML, Chappuis F, Hommel M, Desjeux P, Van der Stuyft P, Le RD, Koirala S, 2004. Evaluation of a urinary antigen-based latex agglutination test in the diagnosis of kala-azar in eastern Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 9: 724–729.
-
8.
Salam MA, Khan MG, Mondal D, 2011. Urine antigen detection by latex agglutination test for diagnosis and assessment of initial cure of visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 269–272.
-
9.
Boelaert M, El-Safi S, Hailu A, Mukhtar M, Rijal S, Sundar S, Wasunna M, Aseffa A, Mbui J, Menten J, Desjeux P, Peeling RW, 2008. Diagnostic tests for kala-azar: a multi-centre study of the freeze-dried DAT, rK39 strip test and KAtex in east Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 32–40.
-
10.
Vallur AC, Tutterrow YL, Mohamath R, Pattabhi S, Hailu A, Abdoun AO, Ahmed AE, Mukhtar M, Salam MA, Almeida ML, Almeida RP, Mondal D, Albertini A, Ghalib H, Duthie MS, Reed SG, 2015. Development and comparative evaluation of two antigen detection tests for visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Infect Dis 15: 384.
-
11.
Abeijon C, Kashino SS, Silva FO, Costa DL, Fujiwara RT, Costa CH, Campos-Neto A, 2012. Identification and diagnostic utility of Leishmania infantum proteins found in urine samples from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 19: 935–943.
-
12.
Abeijon C, Campos-Neto A, 2013. Potential non-invasive urine-based antigen (protein) detection assay to diagnose active visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2161.
-
13.
Satheesh Kumar S, Gokulasuriyan RK, Ghosh M, 2014. Comparative in-silico genome analysis of Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani: a step towards its species specificity. Meta Gene 2: 782–798.
-
14.
Sudarshan M, Weirather JL, Wilson ME, Sundar S, 2011. Study of parasite kinetics with antileishmanial drugs using real-time quantitative PCR in Indian visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 66: 1751–1755.
-
15.
Houghton RL, Petrescu M, Benson DR, Skeiky YA, Scalone A, Badaro R, Reed SG, Gradoni L, 1998. A cloned antigen (recombinant K39) of Leishmania chagasi diagnostic for visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients and a prognostic indicator for monitoring patients undergoing drug therapy. J Infect Dis 177: 1339–1344.
-
16.
Santos-Gomes G, Gomes-Pereira S, Campino L, Araujo MD, Abranches P, 2000. Performance of immunoblotting in diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-Leishmania sp.-coinfected patients. J Clin Microbiol 38: 175–178.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 333 | 278 | 9 |
| Full Text Views | 392 | 16 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 127 | 15 | 3 |