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-
1.
Nawa Y, 1991. Historical review and current status of gnathostomiasis in Asia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 (Suppl): 217–219.
-
2.
Herman JS, Chiodini PL, 2009. Gnathostomiasis, another emerging imported disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 22: 484–492.
-
3.
Schmutzhard E, Boongird P, Vejjajiva A, 1988. Eosinophilic meningitis and radiculomyelitis in Thailand, caused by CNS invasion of Gnathostoma spinigerum and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51: 80–87.
-
4.
Katchanov J, Sawanyawisuth K, Chotmongkoi V, Nawa Y, 2011. Neurognathostomiasis, a neglected parasitosis of the central nervous system. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1174–1180.
-
5.
Nopparatana C, Setasuban P, Chaicumpa W, Tapchaisri P, 1991. Purification of Gnathostoma spinigerum specific antigen and immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. Int J Parasitol 21: 677–687.
-
6.
Tapchaisri P, Nopparatana C, Chaicumpa W, Setasuban P, 1991. Specific antigen of Gnathostoma spinigerum for immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. Int J Parasitol 21: 315–319.
-
7.
Diaz JH, 2015. Gnathostomiasis: an emerging infection of raw fish consumers in Gnathostoma nematode-endemic and nonendemic countries. J Travel Med 22: 318–324.
-
8.
Pelaez D, Perez-Reyes R, 1970. Gnathostomiasis in America [in Spanish]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 12: 83–91.
-
9.
Ollague W, Ollague J, Guevara de Veliz A, 1982. Eosinophilic migratory nodular panniculitis (human gnathostomiasis in Ecuador). 1st finding of the parasite in South America [in Spanish]. Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 10: 73–78.
-
10.
Ogata K, Nawa Y, Akahane H, Diaz Camacho SP, Lamothe-Argumedo R, Cruz-Reyes A, 1998. Short report: gnathostomiasis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 316–318.
-
11.
Ollague W, 1985. Gnathostomiasis (nodular migratory eosinophilic panniculitis). J Am Acad Dermatol 13: 835–836.
-
12.
Ollague W, Ollague J, Guevara de Veliz A, Penaherrera S, 1984. Human gnathostomiasis in Ecuador (nodular migratory eosinophilic panniculitis). First finding of the parasite in South America. Int J Dermatol 23: 647–651.
-
13.
Almeyda-Artigas RJ, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S, 2000. ITS-2 rDNA sequencing of Gnathostoma species (Nematoda) and elucidation of the species causing human gnathostomiasis in the Americas. J Parasitol 86: 537–544.
-
14.
Bertoni-Ruiz F, Lamothe-Argumedo R, García-Prieto L, Osorio-Sarabia D, León-Régagnon V, 2011. Systematics of the genus Gnathostoma (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in the Americas. Rev Mex Biodivers 82: 453.
-
15.
Razo L, 2004. Gnathostoma and gnathostomiasis in Ecuador. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35: 92–96.
-
16.
Cole RA, Choudhury A, Nico LG, Griffin KM, 2014. Gnathostoma spinigerum in live Asian swamp eels (Monopterus spp.) from food markets and wild populations, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 20: 634–642.
-
17.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
18.
Campista-Leon S, Delgado-Vargas F, Landa A, Willms K, Lopez-Moreno HS, Mendoza-Hernandez G, Rios-Sicairos J, Bojorquez-Contreras AN, Diaz-Camacho SP, 2012. Identification of immunodominant peptides from Gnathostoma binucleatum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 888–896.
-
19.
Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Duran-Avelar M de J, Messina-Robles M, Vibanco-Perez N, 2012. Characterization of the humoral immune response against Gnathostoma binucleatum in patients clinically diagnosed with gnathostomiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 988–992.
-
20.
Alvarez P, Morales A, Bravo F, 2011. Gnathostomiasis, experiencia en una practica privada en Lima--Peru. Folia dermatol Peru 22: 67.
-
21.
Mimori T, Tada I, Kawabata M, Ollague WL, Calero GH, De Chong YF, 1987. Immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis in Ecuador by skin test and ELISA using Gnathostoma doloresi antigen. Jpn J Trop Med Hyg 15: 191–196.
-
22.
Ishiwata K, Camacho SP, Ogata K, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Hiromatsu K, Nawa Y, 2003. Evaluation of the antigenic similarities of adult-worm extracts from three Gnathostoma species, using sera from Mexican and Japanese patients with Gnathostoma infections. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97: 629–637.
-
23.
Herman JS, Wall EC, van-Tulleken C, Godfrey-Faussett P, Bailey RL, Chiodini PL, 2009. Gnathostomiasis acquired by British tourists in Botswana. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 594–597.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 683 | 363 | 46 |
| Full Text Views | 769 | 29 | 8 |
| PDF Downloads | 234 | 27 | 9 |
Cross-Reactivity Pattern of Asian and American Human Gnathostomiasis in Western Blot Assays Using Crude Antigens Prepared from Gnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma binucleatum Third-Stage Larvae
Andreas Neumayr
Andreas Neumayr
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Jose Ollague
Jose Ollague
Dermatopathology Section, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Francisco Bravo
Francisco Bravo
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Eduardo Gotuzzo
Eduardo Gotuzzo
Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Pedro Jimenez
Pedro Jimenez
Research Department, Foundation for Marine Coastal Management and Research (FEMM), Guayaquil, Ecuador.
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Scott A. Norton
Scott A. Norton
Department of Dermatology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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Pham Ngoc Doanh
Pham Ngoc Doanh
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Yukifumi Nawa
Yukifumi Nawa
Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Yoichiro Horii
Yoichiro Horii
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Beatrice Nickel
Beatrice Nickel
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Hanspeter Marti
Hanspeter Marti
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Gnathostomiasis is a zoonotic parasitosis endemic in many Asian and some Latin American countries. Most human infections are caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum in Asia and Gnathostoma binucleatum in the Americas, and recently, imported cases have been increasing among travelers returning from endemic regions. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis relies largely on serologic tests, with a G. spinigerum-antigen-based immunoblot currently being the diagnostic method of choice. However, we repeatedly experienced that sera from patients with clinically suspected American gnathostomiasis gave negative results in this assay. Therefore, we used homologous methods to prepare G. spinigerum- and G. binucleatum-antigen-based immunoblot assays, and evaluated the cross-reactivity of the two assays. The results show incomplete cross-reactivity between the two assays: the G. spinigerum-antigen-based immunoblot apparently only detects Asian gnathostomiasis caused by G. spinigerum, whereas the G. binucleatum-antigen-based immunoblot is apparently capable of detecting American as well as Asian gnathostomiasis.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Andreas Neumayr, Beatrice Nickel, and Hanspeter Marti, Medical Services and Diagnostic, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, E-mails: andreas.neumayr@unibas.ch, beatrice.nickel@unibas.ch, and hanspeter.marti@unibas.ch. Jose Ollague, Dermatopathology Section, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador, E-mail: dr_ollague@hotmail.com. Francisco Bravo and Eduardo Gotuzzo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mails: fbravopuccio@gmail.com and eduardo.gotuzzo@upch.pe. Pedro Jimenez, Research Department, Foundation for Marine Coastal Management and Research (FEMM), Guayaquil, Ecuador, E-mail: peterjoe01@yahoo.es. Scott Norton, Department of Dermatology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, E-mail: scottanorton@gmail.com. Pham Ngoc Doanh, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mail: pndoanh@iebr.ac.vn. Yukifumi Nawa, Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand, E-mail: yukinawa@kku.ac.th. Yoichiro Horii, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan, E-mail: horii@cc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
ProCite
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Nawa Y, 1991. Historical review and current status of gnathostomiasis in Asia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 22 (Suppl): 217–219.
-
2.
Herman JS, Chiodini PL, 2009. Gnathostomiasis, another emerging imported disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 22: 484–492.
-
3.
Schmutzhard E, Boongird P, Vejjajiva A, 1988. Eosinophilic meningitis and radiculomyelitis in Thailand, caused by CNS invasion of Gnathostoma spinigerum and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51: 80–87.
-
4.
Katchanov J, Sawanyawisuth K, Chotmongkoi V, Nawa Y, 2011. Neurognathostomiasis, a neglected parasitosis of the central nervous system. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1174–1180.
-
5.
Nopparatana C, Setasuban P, Chaicumpa W, Tapchaisri P, 1991. Purification of Gnathostoma spinigerum specific antigen and immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. Int J Parasitol 21: 677–687.
-
6.
Tapchaisri P, Nopparatana C, Chaicumpa W, Setasuban P, 1991. Specific antigen of Gnathostoma spinigerum for immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. Int J Parasitol 21: 315–319.
-
7.
Diaz JH, 2015. Gnathostomiasis: an emerging infection of raw fish consumers in Gnathostoma nematode-endemic and nonendemic countries. J Travel Med 22: 318–324.
-
8.
Pelaez D, Perez-Reyes R, 1970. Gnathostomiasis in America [in Spanish]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 12: 83–91.
-
9.
Ollague W, Ollague J, Guevara de Veliz A, 1982. Eosinophilic migratory nodular panniculitis (human gnathostomiasis in Ecuador). 1st finding of the parasite in South America [in Spanish]. Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 10: 73–78.
-
10.
Ogata K, Nawa Y, Akahane H, Diaz Camacho SP, Lamothe-Argumedo R, Cruz-Reyes A, 1998. Short report: gnathostomiasis in Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 316–318.
-
11.
Ollague W, 1985. Gnathostomiasis (nodular migratory eosinophilic panniculitis). J Am Acad Dermatol 13: 835–836.
-
12.
Ollague W, Ollague J, Guevara de Veliz A, Penaherrera S, 1984. Human gnathostomiasis in Ecuador (nodular migratory eosinophilic panniculitis). First finding of the parasite in South America. Int J Dermatol 23: 647–651.
-
13.
Almeyda-Artigas RJ, Bargues MD, Mas-Coma S, 2000. ITS-2 rDNA sequencing of Gnathostoma species (Nematoda) and elucidation of the species causing human gnathostomiasis in the Americas. J Parasitol 86: 537–544.
-
14.
Bertoni-Ruiz F, Lamothe-Argumedo R, García-Prieto L, Osorio-Sarabia D, León-Régagnon V, 2011. Systematics of the genus Gnathostoma (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in the Americas. Rev Mex Biodivers 82: 453.
-
15.
Razo L, 2004. Gnathostoma and gnathostomiasis in Ecuador. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35: 92–96.
-
16.
Cole RA, Choudhury A, Nico LG, Griffin KM, 2014. Gnathostoma spinigerum in live Asian swamp eels (Monopterus spp.) from food markets and wild populations, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 20: 634–642.
-
17.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S, 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 30: 2725–2729.
-
18.
Campista-Leon S, Delgado-Vargas F, Landa A, Willms K, Lopez-Moreno HS, Mendoza-Hernandez G, Rios-Sicairos J, Bojorquez-Contreras AN, Diaz-Camacho SP, 2012. Identification of immunodominant peptides from Gnathostoma binucleatum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 888–896.
-
19.
Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Duran-Avelar M de J, Messina-Robles M, Vibanco-Perez N, 2012. Characterization of the humoral immune response against Gnathostoma binucleatum in patients clinically diagnosed with gnathostomiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 988–992.
-
20.
Alvarez P, Morales A, Bravo F, 2011. Gnathostomiasis, experiencia en una practica privada en Lima--Peru. Folia dermatol Peru 22: 67.
-
21.
Mimori T, Tada I, Kawabata M, Ollague WL, Calero GH, De Chong YF, 1987. Immunodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis in Ecuador by skin test and ELISA using Gnathostoma doloresi antigen. Jpn J Trop Med Hyg 15: 191–196.
-
22.
Ishiwata K, Camacho SP, Ogata K, Nakamura-Uchiyama F, Hiromatsu K, Nawa Y, 2003. Evaluation of the antigenic similarities of adult-worm extracts from three Gnathostoma species, using sera from Mexican and Japanese patients with Gnathostoma infections. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97: 629–637.
-
23.
Herman JS, Wall EC, van-Tulleken C, Godfrey-Faussett P, Bailey RL, Chiodini PL, 2009. Gnathostomiasis acquired by British tourists in Botswana. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 594–597.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 683 | 363 | 46 |
| Full Text Views | 769 | 29 | 8 |
| PDF Downloads | 234 | 27 | 9 |