Nanoparticle-Based Histidine-Rich Protein-2 Assay for the Detection of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Yagahira E. Castro-Sesquen Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

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Chloe Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Institute for Nanobiotechnology Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

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Robert H. Gilman Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

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David J. Sullivan Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

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Peter C. Searson Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Institute for Nanobiotechnology Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0772
Volume/Issue:
Volume 95: Issue 2
Page(s):
354–357
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A nanoparticle-based assay for detection and quantification of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) in urine and serum is reported. The assay uses magnetic beads conjugated with anti-HRP2 antibody for protein capture and concentration, and antibody-conjugated quantum dots for optical detection. Western blot analysis demonstrated that magnetic beads allow the concentration of HRP2 protein in urine by 20-fold. The concentration effect was achieved because large volume of urine can be incubated with beads, and magnetic separation can be easily performed in minutes to isolate beads containing HRP2 protein. Magnetic beads and quantum dots conjugated to anti-HRP2 antibodies allows the detection of low concentrations of HRP2 protein (0.5 ng/mL), and quantification in the range of 33–2,000 ng/mL corresponding to the range associated with non-severe to severe malaria. This assay can be easily adapted to a noninvasive point-of-care test for classification of severe malaria.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Peter C. Searson, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 100 Croft Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218. E-mail: searson@jhu.edu
† These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors' addresses: Yagahira E. Castro-Sesquen and Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mails: ycastro1@jhu.edu and gilmanbob@gmail.com. Chloe Kim and Peter C. Searson, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Nanobiotechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, E-mails: ykim86@jhu.edu and searson@jhu.edu. David J. Sullivan, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: dsulliv7@jhmi.edu.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2016
Received:
22 Oct 2015
|
Accepted:
28 Mar 2016
|
Published Online:
03 Aug 2016
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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