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Defining Population Health Vulnerability Following an Extreme Weather Event in an Urban Pacific Island Environment: Honiara, Solomon Islands
Eileen S. Natuzzi
Eileen S. Natuzzi
World Health Organization, Solomon Islands Office, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California.
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Cynthia Joshua
Cynthia Joshua
Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
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Matthew Shortus
Matthew Shortus
World Health Organization, Vanuatu Office, Port Villa, Vanuatu.
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Reginald Reubin
Reginald Reubin
Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
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Tenneth Dalipanda
Tenneth Dalipanda
Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Honiara, Solomon Islands.
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Karen Ferran
Karen Ferran
San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California.
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Audrey Aumua
Audrey Aumua
Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Suva, Fiji.
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Stephanie Brodine
Stephanie Brodine
San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, California.
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Extreme weather events are common and increasing in intensity in the southwestern Pacific region. Health impacts from cyclones and tropical storms cause acute injuries and infectious disease outbreaks. Defining population vulnerability to extreme weather events by examining a recent flood in Honiara, Solomon Islands, can help stakeholders and policymakers adapt development to reduce future threats. The acute and subacute health impacts following the April 2014 floods were defined using data obtained from hospitals and clinics, the Ministry of Health and in-country World Health Organization office in Honiara. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to assess morbidity and mortality, and vulnerability of the health system infrastructure and households in Honiara. The April flash floods were responsible for 21 acute deaths, 33 injuries, and a diarrhea outbreak that affected 8,584 people with 10 pediatric deaths. A GIS vulnerability assessment of the location of the health system infrastructure and households relative to rivers and the coastline identified 75% of the health infrastructure and over 29% of Honiara's population as vulnerable to future hydrological events. Honiara, Solomon Islands, is a rapidly growing, highly vulnerable urban Pacific Island environment. Evaluation of the mortality and morbidity from the April 2014 floods as well as the infectious disease outbreaks that followed allows public health specialists and policy makers to understand the health system and populations vulnerability to future shocks. Understanding the negative impacts natural disaster have on people living in urban Pacific environments will help the government as well as development partners in crafting resilient adaptation development.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Eileen S. Natuzzi, World Health Organization, Solomon Islands Office, Honiara, Solomon Islands, and San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, E-mail: esnmd@mac.com. Cynthia Joshua, World Health Organization, Solomon Islands Office, Honiara, Solomon Islands, E-mail: joshuac@wpro.who.int. Matthew Shortus, World Health Organization, Solomon Islands Office, Port Villa, Vanuatu, E-mail: shortusm@wpro.who.int. Reginald Reubin, Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management and Meteorology, Honiara, Solomon Islands, E-mail: grkiuts@gmail.com. Tenneth Dalipanda, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Honiara, Solomon Islands, E-mail: dalipandatenneth@gmail.com. Karen Ferran and Stephanie Brodine, San Diego State University, School of Public Health, San Diego, CA, E-mails: kferran@mail.sdsu.edu and sbrodine@mail.sdsu.edu. Audrey Aumua, Deputy Director-General of the Pacific Community (SPC), Suva, Fiji, E-mail: audreya@spc.int.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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1.
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-
26.
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27.
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28.
Kunii O, Nakamura S, Abdur R, Wakai S, 2002. The impact on health and risk factors of the diarrhoea epidemics in the 1998 Bangladesh floods. Public Health 116: 68–74.
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29.
Alderman K, Turner L, Tong S, 2013. Assessment of the health impacts of the 2011 summer floods in Brisbane. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 7: 380–386.
-
30.
Milojevic A, Armstrong B, Hashizume M, McAllister K, Faruque A, Yunus M, Kim Streatfield P, Moji K, Wilkinson P, 2012. Health effects of flooding in rural Bangladesh. Epidemiology 23: 107–115.
-
31.
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32.
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33.
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34.
Rose J, Wu F, 2015. Waterborne and foodborne diseases. Levy B, Patz J, eds. Climate Change and Public Health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 157–172.
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35.
Levy B, Patz J, eds., 2015. Climate Change and Public Health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
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36.
McLellan S, Hollis E, Depas M, Van Dyke M, Harris J, Scopel C, 2007. Distribution and fate of Escherichia coli in lake Michigan following contamination with urban storm water and combined sewer overflows. J Great Lakes Res 33: 566–580.
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37.
Ali Khan F, Ali J, Ullah R, Ayaz S, 2014. Bacteriological quality assessment of drinking water available at the flood affected areas of Peshawar. Toxicol Environ Chem 95: 1448–1454.
-
38.
Cann K, Thomas D, Salmon R, Wyn-Jones A, Kay D, 2013. Systematic review: extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease. Epidemiol Infect 141: 671–686.
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39.
Weinberger D, Baroux N, Grangeon J, Ko A, Goarant C, 2014. El Nino southern oscillation and leptospirosis outbreaks in New Caledonia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2798.
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40.
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43.
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-
44.
Arima Y, Chiew M, Matsui T, 2015. Epidemiological update on the dengue situation in the western Pacific region 2012. Western Pac Surveill Response J 6: 82–89.
-
45.
Kouadio I, Ajunid S, Kamigaki T, Hammad K, Oshitani H, 2012. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 10: 95–104.
-
46.
Maes P, Harries AD, Van den Bergh R, Noor A, Snow RW, Tayler-Smith K, Hinderaker SG, Zachariah R, Allan R, 2014. Can timely vector control interventions triggered by atypical environmental conditions prevent malaria epidemics? A case-study from Wajir County, Kenya. PLoS One 9: e92386.
-
47.
Fernandez A, Black J, Jones M, Wilson L, Salvador-Carulla L, Astell-Burt T, Black D, 2015. Flooding and mental health: a systematic mapping review. PLoS One 10: e0119929.
-
48.
Telles S, Singh N, Joshi M, 2009. Risk of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in survivors of the floods in Bihar, India. Indian J Med Sci 63: 330–334.
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49.
Burki T, 2015. Floods in Myanmar damage hundreds of health facilities. Lancet 386: 843.
-
50.
Minh H, Anh T, Rocklov J, Bao Giang K, Trang le Q, Sahlen KG, Nilsson M, Weinehall L, 2014. Primary healthcare system capacities for responding to storm and flood-related health problems: a case study from a rural district in central Vietnam. Glob Health Action 7: 23007.
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