Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Brown CR, O'Brien VA, 2011. Are wild birds important in the transport of arthropod-borne viruses? Ornithol Monogr 71: 1–64.
-
2.
Calisher CH, 1994. Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada. Clin Microbiol Rev 7: 89.
-
3.
Kramer LD, Styer LM, Ebel GD, 2008. A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annu Rev Entomol 53: 61–81.
-
4.
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Thomas MC, Deschamps T, Cuebas-Incle E, Montgomery W, Osborne M, Smole S, Matton P, Andrews W, Best C, Cornine F 3rd, Bidlack E, Texeira T, 2013. Vector-host interactions and epizootiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus in Massachusetts. Vector-Borne Zoonot 13: 312–323.
-
5.
Weaver SC, Scott TW, Rico-Hesse R, 1991. Molecular evolution of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in North America. Virology 182: 774–784.
-
6.
Roehrig JT, 2013. West Nile virus in the United States—a historical perspective. Viruses 5: 3088–3108.
-
7.
Caffrey C, Weston TJ, Smith SC, 2003. High mortality among marked crows subsequent to the arrival of West Nile virus. Wildl Soc Bull 31: 870–872.
-
8.
McLean RG, 2006. West Nile virus in North American birds. Ornithol Monogr 60: 44–64.
-
9.
Tsai TF, 1991. Arboviral infections in the United States. Infect Dis Clin North Am 5: 73–102.
-
10.
McLean RG, Ubico SR, Docherty DE, Hansen WR, Sileo L, McNamara TS, 2001. West Nile virus transmission and ecology in irds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951: 54–57.
-
11.
Scott TW, McLean RG, Francy DB, Mitchell CJ, Card CS, 1983. Experimental infections of birds with Turlock Virus. J Wildl Dis 19: 82–85.
-
12.
Shope RE, De Andrade AH, Bensabath G, Causey OR, Humphrey PS, 1966. The epidemiology of EEE, WEE, SLE and Turlock viruses, with special reference to birds, in a tropical rain forest near Belem, Brazil. Am J Epidemiol 84: 467–477.
-
13.
Pedersen K, Marks DR, Arsnoe DM, Bevins SN, Wang E, Weaver SC, Mickley RM, DeLiberto TJ, 2014. Antibody prevalence of select arboviruses in mute swans (Cygnus olor) in the Great Lakes region and Atlantic coast of the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 1247–1249.
-
14.
Kolman JM, Folk C, Hudec K, Reddy GN, 1976. Serologic examination of birds from the area of southern Moravia for the presence of antibodies against arboviruses of the groups alfa, flavo, Uukuniemi, Turlock and Bunyamwera supergroup II wild living birds. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 23: 251–255.
-
15.
Aguilar PV, Paessler S, Carrara A-S, Baron S, Poast J, Wang E, Moncayo AC, Anishchenko M, Watts D, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2005. Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. J Virol 79: 11300–11310.
-
16.
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1995. Arboviruses. Lennette EH, Lennette DA, Lennette ET, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 189–212.
-
17.
Stamm DD, 1966. Relationships of birds and arboviruses. Auk 83: 84–97.
-
18.
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth NM, Edwards E, Hettler DL, Davis B, Bowen RA, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 311.
-
19.
Yaremych SA, Warner RE, Mankin PC, Brawn JD, Raim A, Novak R, 2004. West Nile virus and high death rate in American crows. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 709–711.
-
20.
Caffrey C, Smith SC, Weston TJ, 2005. West Nile virus devastates an American crow population. Condor 107: 128–132.
-
21.
Wilcox BR, Yabsley MJ, Ellis AE, Stallknecht DE, Gibbs SE, 2007. West Nile virus antibody prevalence in American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) in Georgia, USA. Avian Dis 51: 125–128.
-
22.
Gibbs SE, Allison AB, Yabsley MJ, Mead DG, Wilcox BR, Stallknecht DE, 2006. West Nile virus antibodies in avian species of Georgia, USA: 2000–2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 57–72.
-
23.
Ringia AM, Blitvich BJ, Koo H-Y, Van de Wyngaerde M, Brawn JD, Novak RJ, 2004. Antibody prevalence of West Nile virus in birds, Illinois, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1120–1124.
-
24.
Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Crise B, Volpe KE, Crabtree M, Scherret JH, Hall RA, MacKenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ, 1999. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286: 2333–2337.
-
25.
Kilpatrick AM, Gluzberg Y, Burgett J, Daszak P, 2004. Quantitative risk assessment of the pathways by which West Nile virus could reach Hawaii. EcoHealth 1: 205–209.
-
26.
Nemeth NM, Bosco-Lauth AM, Sciulli RH, Gose RB, Nagata MT, Bowen RA, 2010. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses in resident birds in Hawai'i. J Wildl Dis 46: 659–664.
-
27.
Hardy JW, 1973. Feral exotic birds in southern California. Wilson Bull 85: 506–512.
-
28.
Cox GW, 1999. Alien Species in North America and Hawaii: Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, DC: Island Press.
-
29.
Venkat H, Krow-Lucal E, Hennessey M, Jones J, Adams L, Fischer M, Sylvester T, Levy C, Smith K, Plante L, Komatsu K, Erin Staples J, Hills S, 2015. Concurrent outbreaks of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus disease—Arizona, 2015. MMWR 64: 1349.
-
30.
Franklin RP, Kinde H, Jay MT, Kramer LD, Green E, Chiles RE, Ostlund E, Husted S, Smith J, Parker MD, 2002. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in a horse from California. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 283–288.
-
31.
Brault AC, Powers AM, Chavez CL, Lopez RN, Cachón MF, Gutierrez LF, Kang W, Tesh RB, Shope RE, Weaver SC, 1999. Genetic and antigenic diversity among eastern equine encephalitis viruses from North, Central, and South America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 579–586.
-
32.
McLean RG, Ubico SR, 2008. Arboviruses in birds. Thomas NJ, Hunter DB, Atkinson CT, eds. Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 17–62.
-
33.
Holden P, Hayes RO, Mitchell CJ, Francy DB, Lazuick JS, Hughes TB, 1973. House sparrows, Passer domesticus (L.), as hosts of arboviruses in Hale County, Texas: I. Field studies, 1965–1969. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22: 244–253.
-
34.
Huyvaert KP, Moore AT, Panella NA, Edwards EA, Brown MB, Komar N, Brown CR, 2008. Experimental inoculation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with Buggy Creek virus. J Wildl Dis 44: 331–340.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 20 | 20 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 341 | 82 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 113 | 18 | 0 |
Widespread Detection of Antibodies to Eastern Equine Encephalitis, West Nile, St. Louis Encephalitis, and Turlock Viruses in Various Species of Wild Birds from Across the United States
Kerri Pedersen
Kerri Pedersen
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado.
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David R. Marks
David R. Marks
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan.
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Eryu Wang
Eryu Wang
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Gillian Eastwood
Gillian Eastwood
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Scott C. Weaver
Scott C. Weaver
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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Samuel M. Goldstein
Samuel M. Goldstein
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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David R. Sinnett
David R. Sinnett
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Palmer, Alaska.
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Thomas J. DeLiberto
Thomas J. DeLiberto
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado.
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Wild birds serve as amplifying hosts for many arboviruses, and are thought to be responsible for introducing these viruses into new areas during migration as well as reintroducing them to places where winter temperatures disrupt mosquito-borne transmission. To learn more about four mosquito-borne arboviruses of concern to human or animal health, we tested sera from 997 wild birds of 54 species and 17 families across 44 states of the United States collected from January 1, 2013, through September 30, 2013. Samples were tested for antibody against eastern equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, and Turlock viruses using plaque reduction neutralization tests with an endpoint of 80% or greater. Of the 333 (33.4%) birds that tested positive for antibody to at least one arbovirus, 29.7% were exposed to two or more arboviruses. Exposure to all four arboviruses was detected in Canada geese, double-crested cormorants, mallards, mute swans, laughing gulls, and American coots. Our results suggest that exposure to arboviruses is widespread in the United States across a diversity of wild bird species.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Kerri Pedersen, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: kerri.pedersen@aphis.usda.gov. David R. Marks, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, MI, E-mail: david.r.marks@aphis.usda.gov. Eryu Wang, Gillian Eastwood, and Scott C. Weaver, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mails: erwang@utmb.edu, gill2g@hotmail.com, and sweaver@utmb.edu. Samuel M. Goldstein, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Honolulu, HI, E-mail: samuel.m.goldstein@aphis.usda.gov. David R. Sinnett, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Palmer, AK, E-mail: david.r.sinnett@aphis.usda.gov. Thomas J. DeLiberto, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, E-mail: thomas.j.deliberto@aphis.usda.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Brown CR, O'Brien VA, 2011. Are wild birds important in the transport of arthropod-borne viruses? Ornithol Monogr 71: 1–64.
-
2.
Calisher CH, 1994. Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada. Clin Microbiol Rev 7: 89.
-
3.
Kramer LD, Styer LM, Ebel GD, 2008. A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annu Rev Entomol 53: 61–81.
-
4.
Molaei G, Andreadis TG, Armstrong PM, Thomas MC, Deschamps T, Cuebas-Incle E, Montgomery W, Osborne M, Smole S, Matton P, Andrews W, Best C, Cornine F 3rd, Bidlack E, Texeira T, 2013. Vector-host interactions and epizootiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus in Massachusetts. Vector-Borne Zoonot 13: 312–323.
-
5.
Weaver SC, Scott TW, Rico-Hesse R, 1991. Molecular evolution of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in North America. Virology 182: 774–784.
-
6.
Roehrig JT, 2013. West Nile virus in the United States—a historical perspective. Viruses 5: 3088–3108.
-
7.
Caffrey C, Weston TJ, Smith SC, 2003. High mortality among marked crows subsequent to the arrival of West Nile virus. Wildl Soc Bull 31: 870–872.
-
8.
McLean RG, 2006. West Nile virus in North American birds. Ornithol Monogr 60: 44–64.
-
9.
Tsai TF, 1991. Arboviral infections in the United States. Infect Dis Clin North Am 5: 73–102.
-
10.
McLean RG, Ubico SR, Docherty DE, Hansen WR, Sileo L, McNamara TS, 2001. West Nile virus transmission and ecology in irds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 951: 54–57.
-
11.
Scott TW, McLean RG, Francy DB, Mitchell CJ, Card CS, 1983. Experimental infections of birds with Turlock Virus. J Wildl Dis 19: 82–85.
-
12.
Shope RE, De Andrade AH, Bensabath G, Causey OR, Humphrey PS, 1966. The epidemiology of EEE, WEE, SLE and Turlock viruses, with special reference to birds, in a tropical rain forest near Belem, Brazil. Am J Epidemiol 84: 467–477.
-
13.
Pedersen K, Marks DR, Arsnoe DM, Bevins SN, Wang E, Weaver SC, Mickley RM, DeLiberto TJ, 2014. Antibody prevalence of select arboviruses in mute swans (Cygnus olor) in the Great Lakes region and Atlantic coast of the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 91: 1247–1249.
-
14.
Kolman JM, Folk C, Hudec K, Reddy GN, 1976. Serologic examination of birds from the area of southern Moravia for the presence of antibodies against arboviruses of the groups alfa, flavo, Uukuniemi, Turlock and Bunyamwera supergroup II wild living birds. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 23: 251–255.
-
15.
Aguilar PV, Paessler S, Carrara A-S, Baron S, Poast J, Wang E, Moncayo AC, Anishchenko M, Watts D, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2005. Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. J Virol 79: 11300–11310.
-
16.
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1995. Arboviruses. Lennette EH, Lennette DA, Lennette ET, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 189–212.
-
17.
Stamm DD, 1966. Relationships of birds and arboviruses. Auk 83: 84–97.
-
18.
Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, Nemeth NM, Edwards E, Hettler DL, Davis B, Bowen RA, Bunning M, 2003. Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 311.
-
19.
Yaremych SA, Warner RE, Mankin PC, Brawn JD, Raim A, Novak R, 2004. West Nile virus and high death rate in American crows. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 709–711.
-
20.
Caffrey C, Smith SC, Weston TJ, 2005. West Nile virus devastates an American crow population. Condor 107: 128–132.
-
21.
Wilcox BR, Yabsley MJ, Ellis AE, Stallknecht DE, Gibbs SE, 2007. West Nile virus antibody prevalence in American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and fish crows (Corvus ossifragus) in Georgia, USA. Avian Dis 51: 125–128.
-
22.
Gibbs SE, Allison AB, Yabsley MJ, Mead DG, Wilcox BR, Stallknecht DE, 2006. West Nile virus antibodies in avian species of Georgia, USA: 2000–2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 57–72.
-
23.
Ringia AM, Blitvich BJ, Koo H-Y, Van de Wyngaerde M, Brawn JD, Novak RJ, 2004. Antibody prevalence of West Nile virus in birds, Illinois, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1120–1124.
-
24.
Lanciotti RS, Roehrig JT, Deubel V, Smith J, Parker M, Steele K, Crise B, Volpe KE, Crabtree M, Scherret JH, Hall RA, MacKenzie JS, Cropp CB, Panigrahy B, Ostlund E, Schmitt B, Malkinson M, Banet C, Weissman J, Komar N, Savage HM, Stone W, McNamara T, Gubler DJ, 1999. Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States. Science 286: 2333–2337.
-
25.
Kilpatrick AM, Gluzberg Y, Burgett J, Daszak P, 2004. Quantitative risk assessment of the pathways by which West Nile virus could reach Hawaii. EcoHealth 1: 205–209.
-
26.
Nemeth NM, Bosco-Lauth AM, Sciulli RH, Gose RB, Nagata MT, Bowen RA, 2010. Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses in resident birds in Hawai'i. J Wildl Dis 46: 659–664.
-
27.
Hardy JW, 1973. Feral exotic birds in southern California. Wilson Bull 85: 506–512.
-
28.
Cox GW, 1999. Alien Species in North America and Hawaii: Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Washington, DC: Island Press.
-
29.
Venkat H, Krow-Lucal E, Hennessey M, Jones J, Adams L, Fischer M, Sylvester T, Levy C, Smith K, Plante L, Komatsu K, Erin Staples J, Hills S, 2015. Concurrent outbreaks of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus disease—Arizona, 2015. MMWR 64: 1349.
-
30.
Franklin RP, Kinde H, Jay MT, Kramer LD, Green E, Chiles RE, Ostlund E, Husted S, Smith J, Parker MD, 2002. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in a horse from California. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 283–288.
-
31.
Brault AC, Powers AM, Chavez CL, Lopez RN, Cachón MF, Gutierrez LF, Kang W, Tesh RB, Shope RE, Weaver SC, 1999. Genetic and antigenic diversity among eastern equine encephalitis viruses from North, Central, and South America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 579–586.
-
32.
McLean RG, Ubico SR, 2008. Arboviruses in birds. Thomas NJ, Hunter DB, Atkinson CT, eds. Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 17–62.
-
33.
Holden P, Hayes RO, Mitchell CJ, Francy DB, Lazuick JS, Hughes TB, 1973. House sparrows, Passer domesticus (L.), as hosts of arboviruses in Hale County, Texas: I. Field studies, 1965–1969. Am J Trop Med Hyg 22: 244–253.
-
34.
Huyvaert KP, Moore AT, Panella NA, Edwards EA, Brown MB, Komar N, Brown CR, 2008. Experimental inoculation of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) with Buggy Creek virus. J Wildl Dis 44: 331–340.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 20 | 20 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 341 | 82 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 113 | 18 | 0 |