Weaver SC, Vasilakis N, 2009. Molecular evolution of dengue viruses: contributions of phylogenetics to understanding the history and epidemiology of the preeminent arboviral disease. Infect Genet Evol 9: 523–540.
Wilder-Smith A, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG, Gubler DJ, 2010. Update on dengue: epidemiology, virus evolution, antiviral drugs, and vaccine development. Curr Infect Dis Rep 12: 157–164.
World Health Organization and Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Control, new edition. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization and Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. doi:WHO/HTM/NTD/DEN/2009.1.
Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF, George DB, Jaenisch T, Wint GRW, Simmons CP, Scott TW, Farrar JJ, Hay SI, 2013. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature 496: 504–507.
Yung CF, Lee KS, Thein TL, Tan LK, Gan VC, Wong JGX, Lye DC, Ng LC, Leo YS, 2015. Dengue serotype-specific differences in clinical manifestation, laboratory parameters and risk of severe disease in adults, Singapore. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 999–1005.
Rico-Hesse R, 2003. Microevolution and virulence of dengue viruses. Adv Virus Res 59: 315–341.
Cerdas-Quesada CA, Retana-Salazar AP, 2007. Characterization and phylogenetic relationships of strains of dengue type 1 virus from Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 55: 365–372.
Mena N, Troyo A, Bonilla-Carrión R, Rica C, 2011. Factores asociados con la incidencia de dengue en Costa Rica. Rev Panam Salud Publica 29: 234–242.
Iturrino-Monge R, Avila-Agüero ML, Avila-Agüero CR, Moya-Moya T, Cañas-Coto A, Camacho-Badilla K, Zambrano-Mora B, 2006. Seroprevalence of dengue virus antibodies in asymptomatic Costa Rican children, 2002–2003: a pilot study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 20: 39–43.
Bennett SN, Drummond J, Kapan DD, Suchard MA, Munoz-Jordán JL, Pybus OG, Holmes EC, Gubler DJ, 2010. Epidemic dynamics revealed in dengue evolution. Mol Biol Evol 27: 811–818.
Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica, 2015. Análisis De Situación De Salud: Dengue 2015. Available at: http://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/vigilancia-de-la-salud/analisis-de-situacion-de-salud. Accessed October 25, 2015.
Lanciotti RS, Calisher CH, Gubler DJ, Chang GJ, Vorndam V, 1992. Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30: 545–551.
DÃaz FJ, Black WC, Farfán-Ale JA, Loroño-Pino MA, Olson KE, Beaty BJ, 2006. Dengue virus circulation and evolution in Mexico: a phylogenetic perspective. Arch Med Res 37: 760–773.
Villabona-Arenas CJ, Zanotto PM de A, 2013. Worldwide spread of dengue virus type 1. PLoS One 8: e62649.
Carrillo-Valenzo E, Danis-Lozano R, Velasco-Hernandez JX, Sanchez-Burgos G, Alpuche C, Lopez I, Rosales C, Baronti C, de Lamballerie X, Holmes EC, Ramos-Castaneda J, 2010. Evolution of dengue virus in Mexico is characterized by frequent lineage replacement. Arch Virol 155: 1401–1412.
Añez G, Morales-Betoulle ME, Rios M, 2011. Circulation of different lineages of dengue virus type 2 in Central America, their evolutionary time-scale and selection pressure analysis. PLoS One 6: e27459.
OhAinle M, Balmaseda A, Macalalad AR, Tellez Y, Zody MC, Saborio S, Nunez A, Lennon NJ, Birren BW, Gordon A, Henn MR, Harris E, 2011. Dynamics of dengue disease severity determined by the interplay between viral genetics and serotype-specific immunity. Sci Transl Med 3: 114ra128.
Bennett SN, Holmes EC, Chirivella M, Rodriguez DM, Beltran M, Vorndam V, Gubler DJ, McMillan WO, 2006. Molecular evolution of dengue 2 virus in Puerto Rico: positive selection in the viral envelope accompanies clade reintroduction. J Gen Virol 87: 885–893.
Choudhury MA, Lott WB, Aaskov J, 2014. Distribution of fitness in populations of dengue viruses. PLoS One 9: e107264.
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Dengue virus (DENV) (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) is a reemerging arthropod-borne virus with a worldwide circulation, transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Since the first detection of its main transmitting vector in 1992 and the invasion of DENV-1 in 1993, Costa Rica has faced dengue outbreaks yearly. In 2007 and 2013, Costa Rica experienced two of the largest outbreaks in terms of total and severe cases. To provide genetic information about the etiologic agents producing these outbreaks, we conducted phylogenetic analysis of viruses isolated from human samples. A total of 23 DENV-1 and DENV-2 sequences were characterized. These analyses signaled that DENV-1 genotype V and DENV-2 American/Asian genotype were circulating in those outbreaks. Our results suggest that the 2007 and 2013 outbreak viral strains of DENV-1 and DENV-2 originated from nearby countries and underwent in situ microevolution.
Financial support: This work was supported by the University of Costa Rica Project VI-803-B2-285, FEES-CONARE VI-803-B4-656 and the Graduate Studies System (SEP) of the University of Costa Rica.
Authors' addresses: Claudio Soto-Garita and Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar, Virology-CIET (Research Center for Tropical Diseases), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, E-mails: claudioenrique.soto@ucr.ac.cr and eugenia.corrales@ucr.ac.cr. Teresita Somogyi, Virology-CIET (Research Center for Tropical Diseases), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Hospital Mexico, Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica, E-mail: tsomogyi@ccss.sa.cr. Amanda Vicente-Santos, Virology-CIET (Research Center for Tropical Diseases), Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, and Conservation Genetics, School of Biology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, E-mail: amandavic@gmail.com.
Weaver SC, Vasilakis N, 2009. Molecular evolution of dengue viruses: contributions of phylogenetics to understanding the history and epidemiology of the preeminent arboviral disease. Infect Genet Evol 9: 523–540.
Wilder-Smith A, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG, Gubler DJ, 2010. Update on dengue: epidemiology, virus evolution, antiviral drugs, and vaccine development. Curr Infect Dis Rep 12: 157–164.
World Health Organization and Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, 2009. Dengue: Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, and Control, new edition. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization and Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. doi:WHO/HTM/NTD/DEN/2009.1.
Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF, George DB, Jaenisch T, Wint GRW, Simmons CP, Scott TW, Farrar JJ, Hay SI, 2013. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature 496: 504–507.
Yung CF, Lee KS, Thein TL, Tan LK, Gan VC, Wong JGX, Lye DC, Ng LC, Leo YS, 2015. Dengue serotype-specific differences in clinical manifestation, laboratory parameters and risk of severe disease in adults, Singapore. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 999–1005.
Rico-Hesse R, 2003. Microevolution and virulence of dengue viruses. Adv Virus Res 59: 315–341.
Cerdas-Quesada CA, Retana-Salazar AP, 2007. Characterization and phylogenetic relationships of strains of dengue type 1 virus from Costa Rica. Rev Biol Trop 55: 365–372.
Mena N, Troyo A, Bonilla-Carrión R, Rica C, 2011. Factores asociados con la incidencia de dengue en Costa Rica. Rev Panam Salud Publica 29: 234–242.
Iturrino-Monge R, Avila-Agüero ML, Avila-Agüero CR, Moya-Moya T, Cañas-Coto A, Camacho-Badilla K, Zambrano-Mora B, 2006. Seroprevalence of dengue virus antibodies in asymptomatic Costa Rican children, 2002–2003: a pilot study. Rev Panam Salud Publica 20: 39–43.
Bennett SN, Drummond J, Kapan DD, Suchard MA, Munoz-Jordán JL, Pybus OG, Holmes EC, Gubler DJ, 2010. Epidemic dynamics revealed in dengue evolution. Mol Biol Evol 27: 811–818.
Ministerio de Salud de Costa Rica, 2015. Análisis De Situación De Salud: Dengue 2015. Available at: http://www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/index.php/vigilancia-de-la-salud/analisis-de-situacion-de-salud. Accessed October 25, 2015.
Lanciotti RS, Calisher CH, Gubler DJ, Chang GJ, Vorndam V, 1992. Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 30: 545–551.
DÃaz FJ, Black WC, Farfán-Ale JA, Loroño-Pino MA, Olson KE, Beaty BJ, 2006. Dengue virus circulation and evolution in Mexico: a phylogenetic perspective. Arch Med Res 37: 760–773.
Villabona-Arenas CJ, Zanotto PM de A, 2013. Worldwide spread of dengue virus type 1. PLoS One 8: e62649.
Carrillo-Valenzo E, Danis-Lozano R, Velasco-Hernandez JX, Sanchez-Burgos G, Alpuche C, Lopez I, Rosales C, Baronti C, de Lamballerie X, Holmes EC, Ramos-Castaneda J, 2010. Evolution of dengue virus in Mexico is characterized by frequent lineage replacement. Arch Virol 155: 1401–1412.
Añez G, Morales-Betoulle ME, Rios M, 2011. Circulation of different lineages of dengue virus type 2 in Central America, their evolutionary time-scale and selection pressure analysis. PLoS One 6: e27459.
OhAinle M, Balmaseda A, Macalalad AR, Tellez Y, Zody MC, Saborio S, Nunez A, Lennon NJ, Birren BW, Gordon A, Henn MR, Harris E, 2011. Dynamics of dengue disease severity determined by the interplay between viral genetics and serotype-specific immunity. Sci Transl Med 3: 114ra128.
Bennett SN, Holmes EC, Chirivella M, Rodriguez DM, Beltran M, Vorndam V, Gubler DJ, McMillan WO, 2006. Molecular evolution of dengue 2 virus in Puerto Rico: positive selection in the viral envelope accompanies clade reintroduction. J Gen Virol 87: 885–893.
Choudhury MA, Lott WB, Aaskov J, 2014. Distribution of fitness in populations of dengue viruses. PLoS One 9: e107264.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 258 | 219 | 11 |
Full Text Views | 459 | 10 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 159 | 12 | 0 |