Author:
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
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EndNote
-
1.
Taylor P, Mutambu SL, 1986. A review of the malaria situation in Zimbabwe with special reference to the period 1972–1981. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 12–19.
-
2.
Mharakurwa S, Thuma PE, Norris DE, Mulenga M, Chalwe V, Chipeta J, Munyati S, Mutambu S, Mason PR, 2012. Malaria epidemiology and control in southern Africa. Acta Trop 121: 202–206.
-
3.
Mharakurwa S, Mutambu SL, Mudyiradima R, Chimbadzwa T, Chandiwana SK, Day KP, 2004. Association of house spraying with suppressed levels of drug resistance in Zimbabwe. Malar J 3: 35.
-
4.
Munhenga G, Masendu HT, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Koekemoer LK, 2008. Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from Gwave, a malaria-endemic area in Zimbabwe. Malar J 7: 247.
-
5.
Choi KS, Christian R, Nardini L, Wood OR, Agubuzo E, Muleba M, Munyati S, Makuwaza A, Koekemoer LL, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2014. Insecticide resistance and role in malaria transmission of Anopheles funestus populations from Zambia and Zimbabwe. Parasit Vectors 7: 464.
-
6.
Lewis R, Hamade P, 2008. Roll Back Malaria: Country Needs Assessment. Zimbabwe Report. Harare, Zimbabwe: Malaria Consortium.
-
7.
Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, 2012. Zimbabwe National Health Profile, 2012. Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare.
-
8.
Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, 2009. Zimbabwe National Health Profile, 2009. Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare.
-
9.
President's Malaria Initiative, 2015. Zimbabwe Malaria Operational Plan FY 2015. Washington, DC: President's Malaria Initiative.
-
10.
Moss WJ, Hamapumbu H, Kobayashi T, Shields T, Kamanga A, Clennon J, Mharakurwa S, Thuma PE, Glass G, 2011. Use of remote sensing to identify spatial risk factors for malaria in a region of declining transmission: a cross-sectional and longitudinal community survey. Malar J 10: 163.
-
11.
Alemu A, Abebe G, Tsegaye W, Golassa L, 2011. Climatic variables and malaria transmission dynamics in Jimma town, south west Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 4: 30.
-
12.
Eisele TP, Keating J, Swalm C, Mbogo CM, Githeko AK, Regens JL, Githure JI, Andrews L, Beier JC, 2003. Linking field-based ecological data with remotely sensed data using a geographic information system in two malaria endemic urban areas of Kenya. Malar J 2: 44.
-
13.
Noor AM, ElMardi KA, Abdelgader TM, Patil AP, Amine AA, Bakhiet S, Mukhtar MM, Snow RW, 2012. Malaria risk mapping for control in the Republic of Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 1012–1021.
-
14.
Pinchoff J, Chaponda M, Shields T, Lupiya J, Kobayashi T, Mulenga M, Moss WJ, Curriero FC; Southern Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research, 2015. Predictive malaria risk and uncertainty mapping in Nchelenge District, Zambia: evidence of widespread, persistent risk and implications for targeted interventions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 1260–1267.
-
15.
Mabaso MLH, Vounatsou P, Midzi S, Da Silva J, Smith T, 2006. Spatio-temporal analysis of the role of climate in inter-annual variation of malaria incidence in Zimbabwe. Int J Health Geogr 5: 20.
-
16.
Chikodzi D, 2013. Spatial modelling of malaria risk zones using environmental, anthropogenic variables and geographical information systems techniques. J Geosci Geomatics. 1: 8–14.
-
17.
Ebi KL, Hartman J, Chan N, Mcconnell J, Schlesinger M, Weyant J, 2005. Climate suitability for stable malaria transmission in Zimbabwe under different climate change scenarios. Clim Change 73: 375–393.
-
18.
Ohemeng FD, Mukherjee F, 2015. Modelling the spatial distribution of the Anopheles mosquito for malaria risk zoning using remote sensing and GIS: a case study in the Zambezi Basin, Zimbabwe. Int J Appl Geospatial Res 6: 7–20.
-
19.
Mabaso MLH, Craig M, Vounatsou P, Smith T, 2005. Towards empirical description of malaria seasonality in southern Africa: the example of Zimbabwe. Trop Med Int Health 10: 909–918.
-
20.
Moss WJ, Norris DE, Mharakurwa S, Scott A, Mulenga M, Mason PR, Chipeta J, Thuma PE, 2012. Challenges and prospects for malaria elimination in the southern Africa region. Acta Trop 121: 207–211.
-
21.
Lowther SA, Curriero FC, Shields T, Ahmed S, Monze M, Moss WJ, 2009. Feasibility of satellite image-based sampling for a health survey among urban townships of Lusaka, Zambia. Trop Med Int Health 14: 70–78.
-
22.
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission NASA (SRTM). SRTM Digital Elevation Model. Available at: http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/. Accessed October 1, 2015.
-
23.
Anderson JR, 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data, Vol. 964. Arlington, VA: U.S. Government Printing Office.
-
24.
Strahler AN, 1952. Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geol Soc Am Bull 63: 1117–1142.
-
25.
Cressie NAC, Cassie NA, 1993. Statistics for Spatial Data, Vol. 900. New York, NY: Wiley.
-
26.
R Development Core Team, 2013. R: A language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
-
27.
Freeman T, Bradley M, 1996. Temperature is predictive of severe malaria years in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 232.
-
28.
Booman M, Durrheim DN, La Grange K, Martin C, Mabuza AM, Zitha A, Mbokazi FM, Fraser C, Sharp BL, 2000. Using a geographical information system to plan a malaria control programme in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 78: 1438–1444.
-
29.
Noor AM, Uusiku P, Kamwi RN, Katokele S, Ntomwa B, Alegana VA, Snow RW, 2013. The receptive versus current risks of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in northern Namibia: implications for elimination. BMC Infect Dis 13: 184.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2142 | 1980 | 83 |
| Full Text Views | 488 | 12 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 169 | 7 | 2 |
High-Resolution Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Risk Mapping in Mutasa District, Zimbabwe: Implications for Regaining Control
Mufaro Kanyangarara
Mufaro Kanyangarara
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Edmore Mamini
Edmore Mamini
Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Sungano Mharakurwa
Sungano Mharakurwa
Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Shungu Munyati
Shungu Munyati
Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Lovemore Gwanzura
Lovemore Gwanzura
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Tamaki Kobayashi
Tamaki Kobayashi
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Timothy Shields
Timothy Shields
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Luke C. Mullany
Luke C. Mullany
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Susan Mutambu
Susan Mutambu
National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Peter R. Mason
Peter R. Mason
Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Frank C. Curriero
Frank C. Curriero
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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William J. Moss
William J. Moss
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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In Zimbabwe, more than half of malaria cases are concentrated in Manicaland Province, where seasonal malaria epidemics occur despite intensified control strategies. The objectives of this study were to develop a prediction model based on environmental risk factors and obtain seasonal malaria risk maps for Mutasa District, one of the worst affected districts in Manicaland Province. From October 2012 to September 2015, 483 households were surveyed, and 104 individuals residing within 69 households had positive rapid diagnostic test results. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of household positivity as a function of the environmental covariates extracted from high-resolution remote sensing data sources. Model predictions and prediction standard errors were generated for the rainy and dry seasons. The resulting maps predicted elevated risk during the rainy season, particularly in low-lying areas bordering Mozambique. In contrast, the risk of malaria was low across the study area during the dry season with foci of malaria risk scattered along the northern and western peripheries of the study area. These findings underscore the need for strong cross-border malaria control initiatives to complement country-specific interventions.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health as part of the International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (U19 AI089680).
Authors' addresses: Mufaro Kanyangarara and Luke C. Mullany, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, E-mails: mkanyan1@jhu.edu and lmullany@jhu.edu. Edmore Mamini, Sungano Mharakurwa, Shungu Munyati, and Peter R. Mason, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, E-mails: edmoremamini@gmail.com, smharak1@jhu.edu, smunyati@brti.co.zw, and pmason@brti.co.zw. Lovemore Gwanzura, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, E-mail: gwanzura@mweb.co.zw. Tamaki Kobayashi, Timothy Shields, Frank C. Curriero, and William J. Moss, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, E-mails: tkobaya2@jhu.edu, tshield2@jhu.edu, fcurriero@jhu.edu, and wmoss1@jhu.edu. Susan Mutambu, National Institute of Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe, E-mail: mutambusl@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Taylor P, Mutambu SL, 1986. A review of the malaria situation in Zimbabwe with special reference to the period 1972–1981. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80: 12–19.
-
2.
Mharakurwa S, Thuma PE, Norris DE, Mulenga M, Chalwe V, Chipeta J, Munyati S, Mutambu S, Mason PR, 2012. Malaria epidemiology and control in southern Africa. Acta Trop 121: 202–206.
-
3.
Mharakurwa S, Mutambu SL, Mudyiradima R, Chimbadzwa T, Chandiwana SK, Day KP, 2004. Association of house spraying with suppressed levels of drug resistance in Zimbabwe. Malar J 3: 35.
-
4.
Munhenga G, Masendu HT, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Koekemoer LK, 2008. Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis from Gwave, a malaria-endemic area in Zimbabwe. Malar J 7: 247.
-
5.
Choi KS, Christian R, Nardini L, Wood OR, Agubuzo E, Muleba M, Munyati S, Makuwaza A, Koekemoer LL, Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2014. Insecticide resistance and role in malaria transmission of Anopheles funestus populations from Zambia and Zimbabwe. Parasit Vectors 7: 464.
-
6.
Lewis R, Hamade P, 2008. Roll Back Malaria: Country Needs Assessment. Zimbabwe Report. Harare, Zimbabwe: Malaria Consortium.
-
7.
Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, 2012. Zimbabwe National Health Profile, 2012. Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare.
-
8.
Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, 2009. Zimbabwe National Health Profile, 2009. Harare, Zimbabwe: Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare.
-
9.
President's Malaria Initiative, 2015. Zimbabwe Malaria Operational Plan FY 2015. Washington, DC: President's Malaria Initiative.
-
10.
Moss WJ, Hamapumbu H, Kobayashi T, Shields T, Kamanga A, Clennon J, Mharakurwa S, Thuma PE, Glass G, 2011. Use of remote sensing to identify spatial risk factors for malaria in a region of declining transmission: a cross-sectional and longitudinal community survey. Malar J 10: 163.
-
11.
Alemu A, Abebe G, Tsegaye W, Golassa L, 2011. Climatic variables and malaria transmission dynamics in Jimma town, south west Ethiopia. Parasit Vectors 4: 30.
-
12.
Eisele TP, Keating J, Swalm C, Mbogo CM, Githeko AK, Regens JL, Githure JI, Andrews L, Beier JC, 2003. Linking field-based ecological data with remotely sensed data using a geographic information system in two malaria endemic urban areas of Kenya. Malar J 2: 44.
-
13.
Noor AM, ElMardi KA, Abdelgader TM, Patil AP, Amine AA, Bakhiet S, Mukhtar MM, Snow RW, 2012. Malaria risk mapping for control in the Republic of Sudan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 1012–1021.
-
14.
Pinchoff J, Chaponda M, Shields T, Lupiya J, Kobayashi T, Mulenga M, Moss WJ, Curriero FC; Southern Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research, 2015. Predictive malaria risk and uncertainty mapping in Nchelenge District, Zambia: evidence of widespread, persistent risk and implications for targeted interventions. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93: 1260–1267.
-
15.
Mabaso MLH, Vounatsou P, Midzi S, Da Silva J, Smith T, 2006. Spatio-temporal analysis of the role of climate in inter-annual variation of malaria incidence in Zimbabwe. Int J Health Geogr 5: 20.
-
16.
Chikodzi D, 2013. Spatial modelling of malaria risk zones using environmental, anthropogenic variables and geographical information systems techniques. J Geosci Geomatics. 1: 8–14.
-
17.
Ebi KL, Hartman J, Chan N, Mcconnell J, Schlesinger M, Weyant J, 2005. Climate suitability for stable malaria transmission in Zimbabwe under different climate change scenarios. Clim Change 73: 375–393.
-
18.
Ohemeng FD, Mukherjee F, 2015. Modelling the spatial distribution of the Anopheles mosquito for malaria risk zoning using remote sensing and GIS: a case study in the Zambezi Basin, Zimbabwe. Int J Appl Geospatial Res 6: 7–20.
-
19.
Mabaso MLH, Craig M, Vounatsou P, Smith T, 2005. Towards empirical description of malaria seasonality in southern Africa: the example of Zimbabwe. Trop Med Int Health 10: 909–918.
-
20.
Moss WJ, Norris DE, Mharakurwa S, Scott A, Mulenga M, Mason PR, Chipeta J, Thuma PE, 2012. Challenges and prospects for malaria elimination in the southern Africa region. Acta Trop 121: 207–211.
-
21.
Lowther SA, Curriero FC, Shields T, Ahmed S, Monze M, Moss WJ, 2009. Feasibility of satellite image-based sampling for a health survey among urban townships of Lusaka, Zambia. Trop Med Int Health 14: 70–78.
-
22.
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission NASA (SRTM). SRTM Digital Elevation Model. Available at: http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/. Accessed October 1, 2015.
-
23.
Anderson JR, 1976. A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data, Vol. 964. Arlington, VA: U.S. Government Printing Office.
-
24.
Strahler AN, 1952. Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Geol Soc Am Bull 63: 1117–1142.
-
25.
Cressie NAC, Cassie NA, 1993. Statistics for Spatial Data, Vol. 900. New York, NY: Wiley.
-
26.
R Development Core Team, 2013. R: A language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
-
27.
Freeman T, Bradley M, 1996. Temperature is predictive of severe malaria years in Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 232.
-
28.
Booman M, Durrheim DN, La Grange K, Martin C, Mabuza AM, Zitha A, Mbokazi FM, Fraser C, Sharp BL, 2000. Using a geographical information system to plan a malaria control programme in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 78: 1438–1444.
-
29.
Noor AM, Uusiku P, Kamwi RN, Katokele S, Ntomwa B, Alegana VA, Snow RW, 2013. The receptive versus current risks of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in northern Namibia: implications for elimination. BMC Infect Dis 13: 184.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2142 | 1980 | 83 |
| Full Text Views | 488 | 12 | 4 |
| PDF Downloads | 169 | 7 | 2 |