- Introduction
- Recognizing treated mosquito nets could control malaria mosquitoes, 1979–1982.
- Training malaria staff to start control activities, 1983–1985.
- Determining best net treatment methods for village inhabitants, 1983–1985.
- Minimizing skin and inhalation exposure during net treatment, 1983–1985.
- Identifying source and size of mosquito nets used for treatment, 1983–1985.
- Achieving support and interest of government health officials and others, 1985–1989.
- Field trials covering populations of 300–3,000, 1984–1987.
- Treated nets protecting populations of 40,000 to 5 million, 1988–1989.
- Treated nets protecting populations exceeding 10 million, 1990–1999.
- Constraints.
- Discussion
- Conclusions
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Self LS, 1982. Field Visit to the People's Republic of China, June 2 to July 25, 1982, (WP)/ICP/VBC/005. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 7 pp.
-
2.
Schreck CE, Self LS, 1985. Bed nets that kill mosquitos. World Health Forum 6: 342–344.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 1989. Operational Use of Pyrethroid Impregnated Mosquito Nets for Malaria Vector Control in the Western Pacific Region. Report for Regional Workshop on Malaria Control, August 7–11, 1989, WPR/MAL(1)89.20. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 32 pp.
-
4.
Self LS, Montanari RM, 1989. Bednets that kill mosquitos. World Health Nov: 20–22.
-
5.
World Health Organization, 1989. Informal Consultation on Use of Bednets and Other Materials for Vector-Borne Disease Control, February 14–18, 1989, WHO/VBC/89.981. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 45 pp.
-
6.
World Health Organization, 1996. Update on Malaria Situation in the Western Pacific Region, Interregional Meeting on Malaria Control with Emphasis on Drug Resistance, October 21–24, 1996, WPR/CTD/MAL(2)/97.2(a). Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 12 pp.
-
7.
World Health Organization, 1998. Fifty years of the World Health Organization in the Western Pacific. Report of the Regional Director to the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific, July 1998, WPR/RC/49/3. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 209–220.
-
8.
Xu B, Xiao X, Webber RH, Lines JD, 1998. Comparison of the effect of insecticide-treated bed nets and DDT residual spraying on the prevalence of malaria transmitted by Anopheles anthropophagus in China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92: 135–136.
-
9.
Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, Battle KE, Moyes CL, Henry A, Eckhoff PA, Wenger EA, Briet O, Penny MA, Smith TA, Bennett A, Yukich J, Eisele TP, Griffin JT, Fergus CA, Lynch M, Lindgren F, Cohen JM, Murray CLJ, Smith DL, Hay SI, Cibulskis RE, Gething PW, 2015. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature 526: 207–211.
-
10.
Chow CY, 2002. Malaria in the Western Pacific with special reference to its vectors. China Trop Med 2: 150–154.
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Controlling Malaria in Western Pacific with Mosquito Nets Treated with Pyrethroids in Village Communities, 1979–1999
Lee Self
Lee Self
World Health Organization Regional Office for Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines.
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Insecticide-treated mosquito nets were first put to practical use in the Western Pacific Region. Less than a decade after conducting workshops and other promotional activities, millions of people were protected by 1989. This occurred before the availability of commercially produced pretreated nets and before global funding for mass net distribution. This paper describes the sequence of steps leading to regional control success. The beginning stages in 1979 recognized that treating torn mosquito nets was a viable control option. Basic net treatment procedures were established by 1983 and workshops were held the next 2 years in China, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Vietnam. Malaria staff became convinced of net benefits and were motivated to impart their knowledge to others. Village inhabitants soaked the nets in washbasins containing permethrin or deltamethrin solution, then dried them horizontally on mats. By the 1990s, the population protected by nets had appreciably increased, and regional malaria cases confirmed by microscopy were markedly reduced. This coincided with commercial interest to mass-produce pretreated mosquito nets for worldwide use.
Author Notes
Author's address: Lee Self, Lyons, GA, E-mail: lself3@bellsouth.net.
- Introduction
- Recognizing treated mosquito nets could control malaria mosquitoes, 1979–1982.
- Training malaria staff to start control activities, 1983–1985.
- Determining best net treatment methods for village inhabitants, 1983–1985.
- Minimizing skin and inhalation exposure during net treatment, 1983–1985.
- Identifying source and size of mosquito nets used for treatment, 1983–1985.
- Achieving support and interest of government health officials and others, 1985–1989.
- Field trials covering populations of 300–3,000, 1984–1987.
- Treated nets protecting populations of 40,000 to 5 million, 1988–1989.
- Treated nets protecting populations exceeding 10 million, 1990–1999.
- Constraints.
- Discussion
- Conclusions
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Self LS, 1982. Field Visit to the People's Republic of China, June 2 to July 25, 1982, (WP)/ICP/VBC/005. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 7 pp.
-
2.
Schreck CE, Self LS, 1985. Bed nets that kill mosquitos. World Health Forum 6: 342–344.
-
3.
World Health Organization, 1989. Operational Use of Pyrethroid Impregnated Mosquito Nets for Malaria Vector Control in the Western Pacific Region. Report for Regional Workshop on Malaria Control, August 7–11, 1989, WPR/MAL(1)89.20. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 32 pp.
-
4.
Self LS, Montanari RM, 1989. Bednets that kill mosquitos. World Health Nov: 20–22.
-
5.
World Health Organization, 1989. Informal Consultation on Use of Bednets and Other Materials for Vector-Borne Disease Control, February 14–18, 1989, WHO/VBC/89.981. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 45 pp.
-
6.
World Health Organization, 1996. Update on Malaria Situation in the Western Pacific Region, Interregional Meeting on Malaria Control with Emphasis on Drug Resistance, October 21–24, 1996, WPR/CTD/MAL(2)/97.2(a). Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 12 pp.
-
7.
World Health Organization, 1998. Fifty years of the World Health Organization in the Western Pacific. Report of the Regional Director to the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific, July 1998, WPR/RC/49/3. Manila, Philippines: World Health Organization, 209–220.
-
8.
Xu B, Xiao X, Webber RH, Lines JD, 1998. Comparison of the effect of insecticide-treated bed nets and DDT residual spraying on the prevalence of malaria transmitted by Anopheles anthropophagus in China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 92: 135–136.
-
9.
Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U, Battle KE, Moyes CL, Henry A, Eckhoff PA, Wenger EA, Briet O, Penny MA, Smith TA, Bennett A, Yukich J, Eisele TP, Griffin JT, Fergus CA, Lynch M, Lindgren F, Cohen JM, Murray CLJ, Smith DL, Hay SI, Cibulskis RE, Gething PW, 2015. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature 526: 207–211.
-
10.
Chow CY, 2002. Malaria in the Western Pacific with special reference to its vectors. China Trop Med 2: 150–154.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 160 | 125 | 17 |
| Full Text Views | 360 | 28 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 115 | 14 | 2 |